A 38-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight loss, postural hypotension, and skin hyperpigmentation. Blood tests show low morning serum cortisol and elevated ACTH. To confirm the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency, which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

A 36 year old lady presents with a history of excessive weight for last 6 months. She says her weight gain over this period is 5kg,. She feels depressed and noticed diminished libido. She has no significant past medical illness neither has she underwent any surgery. On examination, she is obese with BP 160/95mmHg and face is flushed. There is no oedema.
If one of the differential diagnosis is Cushing’s syndrome, what is the one specific feature you would look for in this patient?

A 45-year-old man presents to your clinic with complaints of increased shoe and ring size over the past 2 years. He also reports frequent headaches, excessive sweating, and joint pain, especially in his hands and knees. On examination, he has coarse facial features, prominent supraorbital ridges, a broad nose, and macroglossia. His blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg, and his fasting blood glucose is elevated. Visual field examination reveals bitemporal hemianopia.

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial investigation to confirm the diagnosis?

A 52-year-old woman presents with mild fatigue and weight gain over the past few months. She denies cold intolerance, constipation, or hair loss. Physical examination is unremarkable. Laboratory results reveal:  

-TSH: 7.1 mIU/L (normal 0.4–4.5)  

-Free T4: 1.0 ng/dL (normal 0.8–1.8)  

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 55-year-old woman with metastatic pancreatic cancer attends the oncology clinic prior to her second cycle of chemotherapy. She tolerated her first cycle well but her husband mentions that there have been occasions where she has been confused. Her urea and electrolyte blood tests reveal a serum sodium of 116mmol/L. All other results were within the normal range. The chemotherapy is delayed and a urine specimen is sent off. This reveals a urine osmolality of 620mmol/kg. The most likely cause of the hyponatraemia is:

A 45-year-old man presents with gradual weight gain over the past year, particularly in the trunk and neck areas. He also reports decreased libido, muscle weakness, and feeling cold all the time. Physical examination reveals bradycardia, dry skin, and periorbital puffiness. His BMI is 32 kg/m².

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial investigation?

A 30-year-old female presents with hypertension. On separate visits, she has had BP of 160/110 mmHg. She has been previously healthy and denies any symptoms. She has a strong family history of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Her investigation revealed elevated serum Na+ and hypokalemia.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 38-year-old woman has 6 months of weight gain (central), moon face, purple stretch marks, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Labs show high urinary cortisol and no suppression with low-dose dexamethasone.

What is the most likely cause?

A 55-year-old female presented with frequent sweating, palpitations and diarrhoea. She also reported losing 3 kilograms over the past month. She has a history of atrial fibrillation.
What is the most likely cardiac sequelae of her condition?

A 16-year-old girl is brought to a physician by her mother, who states that her daughter has been losing weight steadily. The adolescent denies there is a problem and states that she is in no way underweight. The physician determines that the girl is 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 41 kg (90 lbs).

Which of the following would be the initial step in the work-up and evaluation of this patient?

A 42-year-old woman presents with progressive central obesity, facial rounding, and proximal muscle weakness. She also reports easy bruising and menstrual irregularities. Laboratory findings reveal elevated serum cortisol levels that are not suppressed by low-dose dexamethasone. Which of the following mechanisms best explains the patient's weight gain in the context of Cushing syndrome?

A 24-year-old woman presents with unintentional weight loss, increased appetite, sweating, and occasional palpitations over the past 2 months. On examination, she has a fine tremor, warm moist skin, and a resting pulse of 110 bpm.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?