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WorksheetsSocial Psychology Study Guide
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 44mins
What is the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts, influenced by real or imagined others called?
Social Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Behavioral Economics
Which of the following best describes 'Group Processes' in social psychology?
The study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts
How people form ingroups (similar others) and outgroups (different others)
Factors influencing aggression and prosocial behavior
Oversimplified beliefs about a group that ignore individual differences
Fill in the blank: ________ refers to factors influencing aggression and prosocial behavior in social psychology.
Helping and Harming Behavior
Cognitive Dissonance
Social Facilitation
Group Polarization
What is the relationship between attitudes and behavior, including how attitudes are formed and changed, called in social psychology?
Attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance
Social Facilitation
Groupthink
Stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about a group that ignore individual differences.
True
False
What is the tendency for people to favor their ingroup and view outgroup members as more similar than they are called?
outgroup homogeneity effect
ingroup favoritism
social facilitation
group polarization
What is the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group called?
Stereotype Threat
Confirmation Bias
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Groupthink
What are explanations for the causes of behavior, which can be personal (internal) or situational (external), called?
Attributions
Schemas
Heuristics
Motivations
What is the tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and underestimate situational factors when evaluating others' behaviors called?
Fundamental Attribution Error
Self-Serving Bias
Cognitive Dissonance
Confirmation Bias
What is the tendency to attribute our own successes to situational factors and our failures to personal factors called?
Actor-Observer Discrepancy
Self-Serving Bias
Fundamental Attribution Error
Confirmation Bias
Which factor influencing attraction refers to physical closeness increasing liking?
Proximity
Similarity
Reciprocity
Physical Attractiveness
Which factor influencing attraction refers to people being attracted to those who are similar to themselves?
Similarity
Proximity
Reciprocity
Physical Attractiveness
Which factor influencing attraction refers to attractiveness bias affecting perceptions and behaviors?
Physical Attractiveness
Similarity
Proximity
Reciprocal Liking
What is the term for yielding to group pressure, influenced by both normative (social norms) and informational (uncertainty) factors?
Conformity
Obedience
Compliance
Individualism
What is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present called?
Bystander Intervention Effect
Social Facilitation
Group Polarization
Cognitive Dissonance
Self-Reflection: Stereotypes and social influences can affect your interactions and perceptions in which of the following ways?
They can shape your attitudes and behaviors toward others.
They have no impact on your interactions.
They only affect other people, not yourself.
They always lead to positive outcomes.
Relating personal experiences to social psychological concepts can include which of the following examples?
Describing how stereotypes have influenced your identity
Ignoring the impact of social norms
Focusing only on biological explanations for behavior
Avoiding any discussion of personal experiences
Stereotypes can have significant implications for social interactions. Which of the following best describes one such implication?
They can lead to misunderstandings and prejudice in social situations.
They always improve communication between different groups.
They eliminate all forms of bias in society.
They ensure everyone is treated equally regardless of background.
Personal experiences related to being stereotyped due to physical characteristics (e.g., hair color) are often based on:
Assumptions made about someone because of their appearance
Personal achievements
Geographical location
Favorite hobbies
The limitations of stereotype theory in explaining emotional responses and complex behaviors include:
It oversimplifies individual differences and ignores situational factors.
It fully accounts for all emotional and behavioral variations.
It provides detailed explanations for complex psychological processes.
It eliminates the influence of cultural and social contexts.
Trypophobia is the phobia of clusters of small holes and is believed to have what kind of evolutionary basis?
It may have evolved as a survival mechanism to avoid dangerous animals or diseases.
It is caused by modern technology.
It is a learned behavior from childhood.
It is related to fear of heights.
Biological Preparedness: Certain fears may have evolved as what type of mechanisms?
Survival mechanisms
Social mechanisms
Cognitive mechanisms
Reproductive mechanisms
Lesson 10 Assignment: Connection to Common Fears: Trypophobia is related to common fears of animals and the visual properties that trigger them.
Trypophobia is linked to common fears due to visual patterns similar to those found in dangerous animals.
Trypophobia is caused by loud noises made by animals.
Trypophobia is unrelated to any animal fears or visual triggers.
Trypophobia is only triggered by bright colors.
Study Tips: Review Key Terms: Familiarize yourself with terminology and definitions.
Familiarize yourself with terminology and definitions.
Ignore terminology and definitions.
Focus only on practice questions.
Skip reviewing key terms.
What is the definition of personality according to the study guide? Fill in the blank: Personality is an individual's characteristic patterns of ________, emotional response, and behavior.
thought
height
language
movement
According to the study guide, traits are relatively ________ over time and across situations. Fill in the blank.
consistent
unpredictable
temporary
unstable
Which of the following are influences on personality according to the biopsychosocial perspective?
Genetics
Epigenetics
Environment
Life experiences
All of the above
Twin and adoption studies show genetics can account for up to what percentage of personality variability?
10%
25%
50%
75%
What are temperaments according to the study guide? Fill in the blank: Temperaments are biologically based ________ evident in infancy.
tendencies
illnesses
disorders
habits
What does 'activity level' refer to in the context of temperaments? Activity level refers to ________ and movement.
energy
emotion
intelligence
patience
What is the intensity of emotional reactions called?
Emotionality
Rationality
Sociability
Creativity
What is the preference for social interaction called?
Sociability
Solitude
Hostility
Apathy
Which temperament may lead to social anxiety according to the worksheet?
Early inhibition
High extraversion
Late impulsivity
Emotional stability
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five traits in the Five Factor Model?
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Psychoticism
Agreeableness
What does the 'O' in the OCEAN acronym stand for in the Big Five Trait Theory?
Openness to Experience
Orderliness
Obedience
Optimism
Which Big Five trait is associated with organization, reliability, and goal orientation?
Conscientiousness
Openness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Which Big Five trait is defined as sociability, assertiveness, and energy?
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness
Conscientiousness
Which Big Five trait is associated with kindness, empathy, and cooperation?
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness
Conscientiousness
Which Big Five trait is related to emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness?
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Traits are influenced by both ______ and environment.
biology
weather
technology
language
In Eysenck’s PEN Model, which trait is associated with aggression and lack of empathy?
Psychoticism
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Openness
In Eysenck’s PEN Model, which trait is associated with sociability and need for stimulation?
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Introversion
In Eysenck’s PEN Model, which trait is associated with emotional reactivity and instability?
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Which system in Gray’s Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is linked to reward-seeking and Extraversion?
Behavioral Approach System (BAS)
Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS)
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
Cognitive Control System (CCS)
Which system in Gray’s Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is linked to sensitivity to punishment and Neuroticism?
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
Behavioral Approach System (BAS)
Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS)
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Which system in Gray’s Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is related to reaction to immediate threat?
Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS)
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
Behavioral Approach System (BAS)
Reward Responsiveness System (RRS)
What is the goal of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Self-actualization: fulfilling one’s potential.
Achieving financial success.
Gaining social status.
Accumulating material possessions.
According to Rogers’ Person-Centered Theory, what is self-concept?
Beliefs about the self.
A set of inherited traits.
A collection of unconscious desires.
A list of personal achievements.
In Rogers’ Person-Centered Theory, what does unconditional positive regard promote?
Growth and congruence.
Dependence on others.
Suppression of emotions.
Rigid thinking.
According to Skinner, personality is learned through which process?
Conditioning (response tendencies).
Genetic inheritance.
Cognitive restructuring.
Emotional catharsis.
In Rotter’s Expectancy Theory, what is expectancy?
Belief that behavior will lead to rewards.
The value placed on a reward.
The frequency of reinforcement.
The intensity of motivation.
In Rotter’s Expectancy Theory, what is the difference between internal and external locus of control?
Internal: Belief you control outcomes. External: Belief outcomes are beyond your control.
Internal: Belief outcomes are random. External: Belief you control all outcomes.
Internal: Belief others control your actions. External: Belief you control others' actions.
Internal: Belief in fate. External: Belief in personal effort.
What is reciprocal determinism in Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory?
Personality arises from interaction of behavior, personal factors, and environment.
It is the belief that behavior is solely determined by genetics.
It refers to the idea that environment has no effect on personality.
It is the process by which people learn only through direct reinforcement.
Which of the following is NOT included in Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory?
Self-efficacy
Modeling
Observational learning
Self-actualization
Most traits are stable across the lifespan.
True
False
People become more conscientious and emotionally stable with age.
True
False
What can cause personality to change?
Life events
Genetics only
Diet
None of the above
Interactionism suggests that behavior is shaped by ______ and situation.
personality
biology
culture
motivation
Which of the following is an example of a strong situation?
Job interview
Casual hangout
Watching TV
Sleeping
Which of the following is an example of a weak situation?
Job interview
Casual hangout
Exam
Surgery
Big Five traits are cross-culturally valid, but ______ varies.
expression
number
origin
importance
Sometimes, ______ appears as a sixth trait in non-Western cultures.
Honesty-Humility
Openness to Experience
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Which of the following is NOT a personality assessment method listed?
Self-report measures
Observer ratings
Projective tests
Blood tests
Self-concept refers to:
Total beliefs about oneself
Emotional evaluation of one’s self-worth
Organized knowledge about the self
Active part of the self-concept in a given moment
Self-esteem is shaped by ______ appraisal and internalization of others’ views.
reflected
objective
critical
casual
High self-esteem is generally good but can lead to ______ or narcissism.
defensiveness
humility
empathy
modesty
Narcissism: ________.
Grandiosity, entitlement.
Empathy, humility.
Shyness, introversion.
Altruism, generosity.
Psychopathy: ________.
Lack of empathy, antisocial behavior.
Excessive happiness, social engagement.
Heightened sensitivity, emotional warmth.
Strong moral conscience, altruistic behavior.
Machiavellianism: ________.
Manipulativeness, strategic exploitation.
Excessive optimism and cheerfulness.
Unconditional trust in others.
Lack of interest in social influence.
Better-Than-Average Effect: ________.
Overestimating one's abilities.
Underestimating one's abilities.
Ignoring one's abilities.
Comparing others' abilities only.
Illusion of Control: ________.
Believing we control more than we do.
Ignoring all risks in a situation.
Trusting only in luck for outcomes.
Assuming others always control events.
Unrealistic Optimism: ________.
Expecting overly positive outcomes.
Fearing the worst in every situation.
Believing negative events are more likely.
Assuming failure is inevitable.
Social Comparison: ________.
Evaluating ourselves relative to others, especially on social media.
Ignoring others' opinions and focusing only on ourselves.
Making decisions without any reference to others.
Avoiding any form of self-reflection.
Self-serving biases: ________.
Credit success to self, blame failure on outside factors.
Always blame oneself for all outcomes.
Attribute all outcomes to random chance.
Credit others for your own success.
What does social psychology primarily study?
A) Individual behavior in isolation
B) How real or imagined others influence thoughts, feelings, and actions
Which of the following refers to oversimplified beliefs about a group?
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotypes
Attribution
The tendency to perceive outgroup members as more similar than they actually are is known as:
Ingroup favoritism
Outgroup homogeneity effect
Stereotype threat
Social loafing
The fundamental attribution error refers to:
The tendency to overemphasize personal traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
The belief that people's actions are always justified by external circumstances.
The tendency to attribute one's own success to luck rather than ability.
The tendency to remember information that confirms one's beliefs.
Which of the following best describes the fundamental attribution error?
Attributing personal successes to situational factors
Overemphasizing personal characteristics in explaining others' behaviors
Focusing on situational factors when explaining our own failures
None of the above
Which of the following factors does NOT influence interpersonal attraction?
Proximity
Similarity
Personality traits
Physical attractiveness
Conformity occurs when individuals yield to group pressure, regardless of their personal beliefs.
True
False
The bystander intervention effect suggests that people are more likely to help a victim when they are alone.
True
False
Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is consistency between related cognitions and behaviors.
True
False
The Elaboration Likelihood Model includes central and peripheral routes of persuasion.
True
False
The difference between personal and situational attributions is:
Personal attributions assign causes to internal factors, while situational attributions assign causes to external factors.
Personal attributions are always correct, while situational attributions are always incorrect.
Personal attributions focus on group behavior, while situational attributions focus on individual behavior.
Personal attributions are based on luck, while situational attributions are based on skill.
Stereotype threat refers to which of the following effects on individuals?
It can cause individuals to underperform due to awareness of negative stereotypes about their group.
It motivates individuals to disprove stereotypes by overachieving.
It has no impact on individual performance or behavior.
It only affects individuals who are not aware of stereotypes.
Social identity theory explains how individuals define themselves based on group membership, affecting ingroup and outgroup dynamics. Which of the following best describes this theory?
It explains how individuals define themselves based on group membership, influencing ingroup and outgroup dynamics.
It focuses solely on personal identity without considering group influence.
It states that group membership has no impact on individual behavior.
It suggests that social identity is determined only by personal achievements.
Reflect on a personal experience where you encountered a stereotype. Which social psychological theory best explains how encountering a stereotype can influence your feelings and behavior?
Social Identity Theory
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Attachment Theory
