Cultivating bacteria in culture media

Maintaining a constant temperature for samples

To maintain a constant temperature

To mix solutions

To create a flow of nutrients and air

To maintain a constant temperature

To mix solutions

To create a flow of nutrients and air

Increases oxygen solubility in culture media

Helps microorganisms grow faster

Reduces sediment formation in solutions

กระบวนการที่ใช้ความร้อนในการฆ่าเชื้อโรค

วิธีการแช่แข็งอาหาร

เทคนิคในการทำให้ผลไม้แห้ง

กระบวนการที่ใช้ความร้อนเพื่อฆ่าเชื้อโรคที่เป็นอันตราย

วิธีการแช่แข็งอาหาร

เทคนิคการทำให้ผลไม้แห้ง

วิธีการบรรจุอาหาร

To sterilize equipment using high-pressure steam

To cook food

To store chemicals

To cool down liquids

Above 100°C

Below 50°C

Exactly 100°C

Around 200°C

To sterilize equipment using dry heat

To boil liquids

To freeze food

To mix ingredients

To sterilize heat-resistant equipment

To bake chemicals

To remove moisture from substances

Centrifugal force

Gravitational force

Magnetic force

They move to the outer side

They remain in the middle

They float to the top

They move outward

They move inward

It allows for faster analysis

It is more cost-effective

It can withstand centrifugal force

It is clean

To provide a stable flame

To heat large containers

Use in a well-ventilated area

Keep away from flammable materials

65°C

72°C

20–40 วินาที

1 นาทีต่อ 1,000 bp

To mix solutions

To dispense liquids

To measure temperature

To analyze DNA

To mix liquids

To spread microbial solutions

To measure DNA

To analyze proteins

To mix liquids rapidly

To measure temperature

To analyze DNA

To dispense liquids

A device designed to mix liquids in test tubes or flasks by rapid rotation.

A device used to measure the absorbance of light.

A type of microscope.

A device for reading microplates.

The absorbance or transmittance of a substance.

The temperature of a solution.

The pH level of a solution.

The viscosity of a liquid.

จิโอวานนี ฟาเบอร์

ไอแซค นิวตัน

อัลเบิร์ต ไอน์สไตน์

กาเลลิโอ กาลิเลอี

It means the microscope has more than one lens.

It refers to the size of the microscope.

It indicates the microscope is electronic.

It means the microscope is portable.

1000

100

10

10000

It is designed for observing specimens from below.

It is used for high magnification.

It is a portable microscope.

It is used for electron microscopy.

It is located at the bottom of the stage.

It is used to generate light.

It is used for observing living cells.

It is located at the top of the microscope.

To use fluorescence instead of other light properties.

To create 3D images.

To observe living cells.

To scan the surface of specimens.

กล้องจุลทรรศน์แบบสแกนเลเซอร์คอนฟอคัล

การถ่ายภาพฟลูออเรสเซนซ์

กล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอน

กล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบสแกน

High-resolution images of surface structures.

Ability to observe living cells.

3D imaging capabilities.

Use of fluorescence.

To create images by detecting electrons

To provide high-resolution images of surface structures

To study the microscopic structure of cells

To visualize the internal structure of specimens

Head/Body, Base, Arm, Eyepiece, Eyepiece Tube

Lens, Light Source, Stage, Objective Lens

Mirror, Stage Clips, Coarse Focus, Fine Focus

Base, Arm, Stage, Light Source, Eyepiece

To magnify the specimen

To hold the objective lens

To illuminate the specimen

To support the microscope structure

Supports the structure and houses the light source

Connects the head to the arm

Holds the eyepiece in place

Provides magnification

To hold the eyepiece in place

To adjust the focus

To change the objective lens

To magnify the specimen

To illuminate the specimen

To adjust the focus

Holds the objective lenses

Adjusts the focus

Illuminates the specimen

เพื่อถือสไลด์ตัวอย่าง

เพื่อปรับโฟกัส

เพื่อเปลี่ยนเลนส์ตา

To control the amount of light

To hold the specimen slide

To adjust the focus

To provide light for viewing the specimen

To magnify the specimen

To hold the objective lenses

Focuses light onto the specimen

Holds the specimen slide

Adjusts the eyepiece

To focus light onto the specimen

To control the amount of light passing through the specimen

To adjust the position of the condenser lens

To support the microscope

The amount of light passing through the specimen

The focus of the light

The position of the eyepiece

The support of the microscope

To look through at the top of the microscope

To hold the objective lens in place

To support the microscope

To adjust the focus

10x

5x

30x

15x

Holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens

Connects to the base of the microscope

Adjusts the focus of the microscope

Supports the microscope head

To hold the slide in place

To illuminate the specimen

To adjust the focus

To control light intensity

To allow light to pass through

To magnify the specimen

To focus the light

To hold the slide

To provide light

To magnify the specimen

To hold the slide

To adjust the focus

Collects and focuses light

Holds the slide

Magnifies the specimen

Controls light intensity

Controls the amount of light

Holds the slide

Magnifies the specimen

Focuses the light

Moves the condenser up or down

Controls light intensity

Holds the slide

Magnifies the specimen

To spread bacteria on the surface of a culture plate

To magnify the specimen

To hold the slide

To control light intensity

To distribute bacteria evenly across the plate

To isolate single colonies

To test antibiotic sensitivity

To grow bacteria in a specific pattern

Inoculating loop

Agar plate

Alcohol lamp

All of the above

Heat the inoculating loop until red hot

Cool the inoculating loop

Inoculate the sample onto the agar plate

Close the lid of the petri dish

To isolate single colonies

To distribute bacteria evenly

To test for antibiotic resistance

To grow bacteria in a specific pattern

Flame the inoculating loop

Cool the inoculating loop

Inoculate the next zone

Close the petri dish

Swab (cotton swab or ready-made swab)

Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar

Alcohol lamp or sterilization equipment

Gloves and protective equipment

Swabbing

Dilution

Incubation

Streaking

30-37°C

20-25°C

40-45°C

10-15°C

To distribute the diluted sample evenly

To sterilize the agar plate

To collect the sample

To measure the temperature

Rotate the plate or move the spreader in a systematic direction.

Pour the diluted sample directly onto the agar plate.

Use a pipette to drop the sample onto the plate.

Leave the sample in the center of the plate.

To calculate CFU/mL in the original sample.

To determine the type of microorganisms present.

To assess the growth rate of the microorganisms.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the agar medium.

37°C for 24-48 hours.

25°C for 12-24 hours.

30°C for 48-72 hours.

40°C for 6-12 hours.

To isolate and count viable microorganisms in liquid samples.

To prepare agar plates for microbial growth.

To sterilize the agar medium before use.

To measure the pH of the liquid sample.