Enhancing the scientific and professional level of engineers is not one of the main objectives of the Engineers Syndicate.

Regulating the practice of engineering and overseeing the implementation of their work are within the jurisdiction of the Engineers Syndicate.

The Engineers Syndicate works to contribute to the study of economic development plans and industrial and engineering projects.

The Engineers Syndicate works on fostering a spirit of brotherhood and cooperation among its members, enhancing their levels in engineering.

The Engineers Syndicate works on collaborating with internal and external engineering organizations to strengthen ties, and share experiences.

The Engineers Syndicate works on promoting engineering awareness and regulating supervision over engineering offices and consulting firms.

One condition for membership in the Engineers Syndicate is to possess a bachelor's degree in engineering from an Egyptian university or an equivalent degree recognized by the Supreme Council of Universities.

Being a citizen of the Arab Republic of Egypt is a condition for accepting membership in the syndicate.

The syndicate's council may accept the membership of an individual who is not a citizen of Egypt from countries where membership conditions are met, provided that reciprocity is applied.

One condition for accepting an engineer's membership in the syndicate is that they have not been convicted of a criminal offense affecting honor or trust unless their reputation has been restored in both cases.

Within one year or more from the date of registration, a syndicate member must take a professional oath before a committee of members elected by the syndicate council.

The Engineer Syndicate member may perform any act contrary to the dignity of the profession.

The Engineer Syndicate member may take preventive measures against another member because of a work of related to the profession without obtaining the written permission of the union council of the Syndicate.

The Syndicate's literary authorities have a role in the prosecution of members who have committed matters that are contrary to their honor or the dignity of the profession.

It is the right of the syndicate to punish members who have committed acts detrimental to honor by revoking their memberships.

The syndicate has the right to punish members who have committed acts detrimental to honor by suspending them from work for a period exceeding one year.

Professional ethics are the rules governing human behavior and govern his actions that emanate from him.

Professional ethics consist of a set of ethical rules and behaviors that accompany the professional in his work towards his work, society, and himself.

The main message of the Arab Engineers Union is that the Arab engineer works, progresses, and excels in a stimulating and safe environment with high professional ethics.

The main vision of the Union of Arab Engineers is that the leadership of engineering professional work with the best professional and ethical practices is governed by pillars and constants.

Integrity, honesty, professionalism, competence, neutrality, and objectivity are not among the values of the Arab Engineers Union.

Charter of Ethics of the Engineering Profession is a document setting out the ethical and professional behavioral standards required of engineers in their work.

The engineer is the registered member of the accredited engineering body of his country and practices the profession of engineering.

Engineers have the right to distinguish among customers on the basis of race, gender, religion, origin or geographical affiliation.

The engineer must engage in fair competition with colleagues, showing appreciation and respect for differing opinions, avoiding fanaticism or belittling others' viewpoints.

The engineer has the right to publicly criticize the work of others and resort to defamation and challenge colleagues or their work.

Science, knowledge and engineering standards are the final judgment in the event of technical differences.

The engineer has the right to accept the contract for any project contracted with another engineer.

The engineer must respect the employment contract and the policies and instructions of the organization and the directives of his superiors.

The engineer has the right to disclose information and data about the organization if it is prepared by him.

Providing work sincerely and honestly and not exploiting the institution for special benefit is one of the duties of the engineer with the organization in which he works.

The engineer must be ethical in resolving any dispute with the institution in which he works.

The engineer has the right to use the work or use its facilities or equipment outside the scope of the organization's work without special permission.

The engineer can obtain any personal benefit as a result of dealing with other companies that deal with his company.

The relationship between the engineer and the customer must be built on trust, honesty, and providing distinguished service, so the employer sees its positive impact.

The engineer must keep the information and data related to the engineering service applicant confidential and not disclose it.

The engineer must deal honestly and transparently with the engineering service applicant and not make promises that cannot be applied.

The engineer must be careful and honest in clarifying everything related to the work provided to the customer.

The engineer must provide services in his field of specialization only.

The engineer must not infringe on the intellectual property of others.

Applying codes and legislation related to the environment and occupational health and safety is the duties of the engineer.

Any violations of laws, provisions of engineering professions, building provisions and codes must be reported to the concerned authorities.

The rights and development of workers must be respected, and their efforts appreciated.

It is not permitted to issue building permits for any land area unless it conforms to the planning and building requirements according to Building Law 11G/2008.

According to Building Law 11G/2008, the minimum net internal height of the floor is 3.5 meters.

It is permissible to create a protrusion on the facade of a building on the ground floor, while the distance between the protrusion and the level of the sidewalk surface is 2 meters according to Building Law 11G/200.

According to Building Law 11G/2008, it is not necessary to adhere to the Egyptian Code of Fire safety to protect facilities from fire hazards in residential buildings if the height of the floor level of the highest floor of the building does not exceed 16 meters from the street level.

If the floor area of a residential building is less than 400 square meters, the Egyptian Code of Fire safety may not be applied according to Building Law 11G/2008.

It is not necessary to adhere to the Egyptian Code of Fire safety in residential buildings if the drop in the basement floor level does not exceed 3 meters.

It is not necessary to adhere to the Egyptian Code of Fire's safety in residential buildings if the drop in the basement floor level does not exceed 3 meters from the street level according to Building Law 11G/2008.

In administrative and professional buildings, if the ground level of the highest floor of the building does not exceed 4 meters from the street level, it is possible not to adhere to the Egyptian Code of Fire's safety.

In administrative and professional buildings, if the floor area is less than 400 square meters, the Egyptian Code of Fire's safety may not be applied according to Building Law 11G/2008.

In administrative and professional buildings, if the drop in the basement floor level does not exceed 3 meters from the street level, it is not necessary to adhere to the Egyptian Code of Fire's safety according to Building Law 11G/2008.

The Egyptian Code of Fire's safety must be applied in the case of expansions or elevations according to Building Law 11G/2008.

The license applicant is obligated to provide designated places to park cars that are proportional to the purpose of the building, in accordance with the requirements Planning of the area and provisions of the garage Egyptian Code according to Building Law 11G/2008.

The garage Egyptian Code must be applied for buildings whose built-up area is less than 250 square meters.

According to Building Law 11G/2008, an insurance applicant pays insurance in exchange for 2% of the requirements of the required system, specializing in what may require expenses and requirements, such as removing or correcting the violation in addition to road occupancy.

It isn’t obligatory for the engineer of the competent administrative authority to inspect the site and review its position through the data held by the administrative body.

All engineering drawings must include the following data (The name of the project owners, the address of the site, name's address of the designing engineer, drawing scale, Date the drawing was prepared, Plate title and number).

The engineer supervising the implementation doesn’t need to keep a copy of the drawings before and after each modification according to Building Law 11G/2008.

According to Building Law 11G/2008, the license application shall be submitted to the administrative authority on the form attached to these regulations by the engineer accompanied by (Documents proving ownership of the land, copy of the national ID card of the person in whose name the license will be issued).

It is obligatory the presence of the owner himself, in whose name the project license will be issued, to authorize or submit an official power of attorney in his name or his representative to the engineer or engineering office to proceed with the procedures for obtaining the license according to Building Law 11G/2008.

Contract is two wills agree to produce legal effect.

The subject matter of the contract is the illegal process that the parties agree to achieve such as sale and rent.

Pillars of the contract involve satisfaction, the subject matter, and the reason.

The subject of obligation is the performance that the debtor must make for the benefit of the creditor.

If one of the Pillars of the contract fails, the contract will be absolutely void and it is considered legally non-existent.

In case the contract failed in one of the conditions of validity, the invalidity is absolute.

The effect of the ruling of invalidity means contracting parties will return to the state they were in before the contract was concluded.

An employer’s obligations involve completion of the work subject to the contract.

Contractors’ obligations involve payment of wages.

Employer’s obligations involve guarantee of work after delivery.

An employer’s obligations involve enabling the contractor to complete the work.

One of the contractor’s obligations is completion of the work subject to the work.

Handing over the work after completion: The contractor is not obliged to hand over the work directly to the employer after completion.

Warranty of the work after delivery: The contractor undertakes to guarantee defects and deficiencies.

Civil law allows for the immediate termination of the contract without setting a deadline if the fixing of the defect or the method of its implementation is impossible.

If a contractor is found to be working defectively or against the contract, the employer can require them to fix it within a specified reasonable period.

If the contractor is found to be working defectively or against the contract, the employer can require them to fix it within a specified reasonable period.

If the contractor does not correct the defectively method within the specified period, the employer Either terminate the contract or hire another contractor to complete the work at the first contractor's expense.

The architect and contractor are jointly liable for any total or partial demolition of buildings or fixed facilities they constructed within ten years, even if the demolition is due to a defect in the soil.

The period of ten years begins from the time the work is received.

The employer must help the contractor is required to carry out the work, such as submitting the design and obtaining the license the matter relates to carrying out construction.

Upon completion, the employer commits to inspect, examine, and accept the work if satisfactory, as per the contractor's commitment to deliver it.

Payment of the wage is due upon receipt of the work, unless custom or agreement stipulates otherwise.

Contractor can inform employer of price increase if it's necessary to significantly exceed estimated quantities to execute agreed design.

The employer can rescind the contract and suspend performance if the excess required to execute the design exceed the estimated quantities.

The employer can rescind the contract and suspend the work if the excess required to execute the design exceed the estimated quantities.

A contractor is obligated to provide a 5-year warranty against defects, starting from the handover date of the work.

An employer should (reject) work due to minor imperfections.

During the warranty period, the contractor is responsible for fixing any defects discovered at no extra cost to the employer.

An employer can seek compensation from the contractor for damages caused by defects in the work, only if they can prove the defects caused the damage.

An employer can terminate the contract and suspend work if the additional work required is large.

The employer is obligated to pay the contractor for any additional work required to complete the project according to the agreed-upon design.

The contractor is responsible for fixing any defects that appear during the warranty period, without any additional cost to the employer.

The construction contract terminates upon the death of the contractor if his personal qualifications were a factor in the contract.

The employer can terminate the contracting in case of the death of the contractor only if the contractor's heirs do not provide sufficient guarantees for the proper execution of the work.

In the case of the contractor's death, the employer can request delivery of prepared materials and pay for work begun, provided fair compensation is given.

FIDIC is tasked with promoting and implementing the strategic objectives of the engineering consulting industry and disseminating relevant information and resources to its members.

The Vision of FIDIC is Promoting quality and integrity in the engineering consulting industry.

The Mission of FIDIC is Empowering members to contribute to a better world.

The core Values of FIDIC are Quality, Integrity, Sustainability.

FIDIC consists of: VISION, MISSION and VALUES.

"Employer" or "Recipient" is referred to as The person named in Part II of the contract, and their legal successors, but not any assignee without consent.

The "Contractor" is any person or entity named as such in Part II of the contract, and their legal successors.

"Subcontractor" is considered any person named in the Contract as a potential contractor for future works according to the contract.

"Engineer" according to the contract is any consulting office or engineering office authorized by the Contractor.

"Tender "is the definition of the priced offer submitted by the contractor to the employer for the execution and completion of the works.

"Specifications" are the specification of the Works included in the Contract, approved by the Engineer.

In the design and build arrangement, Contractor is directly responsible for coordinating the services of both designers and subcontractors.

In the traditional arrangement of contracting, Other Consultant is directly responsible for both hiring designers and contractors.

Faster construction time is one of the advantages of the Design and Build approach.

Reduced control of design and quality for the employer is a disadvantage of the Design and Build method.

The Design and Build method not ideal for complex projects because the contractor designs and builds based on price.

Certainty in pricing ensures that the contractor can buy materials and components at a predetermined fixed price that is competitive and beneficial.

When preparing tenders, the contractor's construction timeline should be clearly specified.

Standard form of contract should be used when preparing tenders.

In Design and Build tenders, prepare their proposals is essential for bidders to have enough time to do.

The bidding terms should be clear to help the contractor decide on material quality.

Employer's requirements are part of the major documents in Design and Build contracts.

One of the factors for choosing a FIDIC form of contract is projects that involve multiple designers.

When the contractor is responsible for most of the design, Standard contract is suitable.

Public infrastructure project involves the use of a FIDIC form of contract.

The Orange Book and Yellow Book are both part of the FIDIC Conditions of Contract and each contains 20 clauses.

The Yellow Book, is primarily for Plant and DsB Contract.

The orange Book, is primarily for DsB and Turnkey Contracts.

In the Design and Build contract mentioned in the case study, Employer's Requirements document takes precedence over the others in case of a conflict.

According to FIDIC 1GG5 Turnkey and Design-Build contracts, if a discrepancy is identified between the contractor's proposal and the employer's requirements, the contract is terminated.

If Etapa delays payment to Orascom, receiving monthly financing changes on unpaid amounts option is available to Orascom.

Oral instructions provided by the employer’s representative should be followed without any written confirmation.

The contract specifies that written communication is required for notices and instructions, unless stated otherwise.

FIDIC 1GG5 Turnkey and Design-Build contracts (Orange Book) allow payment for materials stored off-site.