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STR PRACTICE #2

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Students in a fifth-grade class are breaking the word invisible into its component parts. They identify the prefix in-, the root vis, and the suffix -ible, along with the meanings of each part. What type of activity is being demonstrated?

a)

Miscue analysis

b)

Structural analysis

c)

Syllabification

d)

Decoding

2.

Children first begin their vocabulary development using which skill?

a)

Reading

b)

Writing

c)

Listening

d)

Speaking

3.

Phone, they, church. The underlined letters in these words are examples of:

a)

Consonant blend

b)

Consonant shift

c)

Continental shift

d)

Consonant digraph

4.

An ELL is having difficulties comprehending a science textbook because it contains many unknown vocabulary words with few accompanying visuals. Which instructional strategy would most likely assist the student with this difficulty?

a)

Reading the textbook aloud to him rather than asking him to read it independently

b)

Supplying him with an audio version of the textbook

c)

Providing him with a printed outline of each chapter’s main points

d)

Giving him access to a multimedia version of the textbook to view on his computer

5.

As part of a poem she is writing, Isabella includes the following line: "The river danced across the prairie, twirling and swirling in its path." Which literary device is Isabella using in this line of her poem?

a)

Simile

b)

Personification

c)

Onomatopoeia

d)

Hyperbole

6.

Cognates and realia are most useful for teaching which component of reading instruction to ELLs?

a)

Vocabulary

b)

Prosody

c)

Phonological awareness

d)

Phonemic awareness

7.

Which is greater, the number of English phonemes or the number of letters in the alphabet?

a)

The number of letters in the alphabet, because they can be combined to create phonemes.

b)

The number of phonemes. A phoneme is the smallest measure of language sound.

c)

They are identical; each letter “owns” a correspondent sound.

d)

Neither. Phonemes and alphabet letters are completely unrelated.

8.

Which of the following options would be the most effective way to modify a cloze reading passage for struggling readers to assist them with completing the task while still allowing them to practice the skill?

a)

Providing the first few letters of each answer

b)

Including a word bank

c)

Having students work in pairs

d)

Including no more than three omitted words

9.

Word-recognition ability is:

a)

Equally important to all readers

b)

Used only by fluent readers

c)

Another term for “word attack”

d)

Especially important to English language learners and students with reading disabilities

10.

Since, whether, and accordingly are examples of which type of signal words?

a)

Common, or basic, signal words

b)

Compare/contrast words

c)

Cause-effect words

d)

Temporal sequencing words

11.

Which term describes an unstressed central vowel sound, such as the sound made by the a in around?

a)

Digraph

b)

Long

c)

Diphthong

d)

Schwa

12.

A sentence in a book states, “They had several chores to do.” Which of the following examples demonstrates a visual error, if stated by a student reading the text?

a)

They had several jobs to do.

b)

They had seven chores to do.

c)

They had chores to do.

d)

They had many chores to do.

13.

Refer to the following for questions 13–16

A teacher is concerned about three of her students. While they are enthusiastic about

writing, they do not always recognize letters, confusing b, d, and p, or e and o. They

do, however, know which sounds go with certain letters when they are orally drilled.

When they write, they appear to be attempting letter–sound associations.

“Now I’m writing M,” the teacher heard one boy say as he scripted a large N in the

upper right corner of his paper. He studied it for a moment and added, “Nope, it needs

another leg.” The student then wrote an I beside the N. “There,” he said. “Now you are

an M. I can write the word man because now I have M.” The child then moved to the

lower left corner of the paper. “M-A-N,” he said to himself, slowly pronouncing each

sound. “I already have that M. Here is where the rest of the word goes.” He turned the

paper sideways and wrote N.

The second child sang to herself as she gripped the crayon and scribbled lines here

and there on her paper. Some of the lines resembled letters, but few actually were.

Others were scribbles. As she “wrote,” she seemed to be making up a story and

seemed to believe she was writing the story down.

The third child didn’t vocalize at all while he worked. He gripped the paper and

carefully wrote the same letter over and over and over. Sometimes the letter was

large, sometimes tiny. He turned the paper in every direction so that sometimes the

letter was sideways or upside down. Sometimes he flipped it backward. “What are

you writing?” the teacher asked him. “My name,” the child told her. The teacher then

realized the letter was, indeed, the first letter of his name. She gently told him he had

done a fine job of writing the first letter of his name. Did he want her to help him write

the rest of it? “Nope,” he cheerfully told her, “it’s all here.” He pointed at one of the

letters and “read” his full name. He pointed at another letter and again seemed to

believe it represented all the sounds of his name.

In the above example, the emergent writers are demonstrating their understanding that

letters symbolize predictable sounds, that words begin with an initial sound/letter, and that

by “writing,” they are empowering themselves by offering a reader access to their thoughts

and ideas. The next three stages the emergent writers will pass through in order will most

likely be:

a)

Scripting the end-sound to a word (KT=cat), leaving space between words, writing from the top left to the top right of the page and top to bottom

b)

Scripting the end-sound to a word (KT=cat), writing from the top left to the top right of the page and from top to bottom, separating the words from one another with a space between

c)

Leaving space between the initial letters that represent words, writing from the top left to the top right of the page and from top to bottom, scripting the final sound of each word as well as the initial sound (KT=cat)

d)

Drawing a picture beside each of the initial sounds to represent the entire word, scripting the end-sound to a word (KT=cat), scripting the interior sounds that compose the entire word (KAT=cat)

14.

The teacher might best encourage the three students in the above example by:

a)

Suggesting they write an entire book rather than just a single page. This will build confidence, teach them sequencing, and encourage the young writers to delve deeper into their ideas.

b)

Ask the students to read their stories to her. Suggest they visit other children in the class and read to each of them.

c)

Contact the local newspaper and invite a reporter to visit her class and write a story about her emergent writers. In this way, they are sure to see themselves as “real writers” and will more fully apply themselves to the task.

d)

Invite all the parents to visit the class the following week. This will give all classmates, regardless of where they are on the learning spectrum, time to memorize their stories. The children will be very excited and will begin to see themselves as “real writers.”

15.

At what point should the kindergarten teacher in the above example offer the three children picture books and ask them to read to her?

a)

When the three children are all able to script initial sounds, end sounds, and interior sounds.

b)

As each child reaches the stage in which he or she can script initial sounds, end sounds, and interior sounds, the teacher should ask only that child to read to her.

c)

As each child reaches the stage in which he habitually writes from the top to the bottom of the page, moving left to right.

d)

From the first day of school onward

16.

The kindergarten teacher isn’t certain if these children are exhibiting signs of a reading disability or other special needs. What should the teacher do?

a)

Nothing. These children are simply at an early stage in the reading/writing process.

b)

Nothing. She doesn’t want to have to tell the parents that their children are sub-par in terms of intelligence. They are perfectly nice children and can contribute to society in other ways. She resolves to give them extra attention in other areas to help them build confidence.

c)

She should recommend that the parents take the children to be tested for a number of reading disorders, including dyslexia.

d)

She should arrange a meeting between herself, the school psychologist, and the reading specialist to discuss the matter and resolve it using a three-pronged approach.

17.

What is a morpheme?

a)

The smallest unit of language with meaning

b)

The smallest unit of speech

c)

A letter or group of letters representing a single sound

d)

A unit of spoken language in a word, which contains a single vowel sound

18.

Which of the following relates primarily to how sounds are represented in a text?

a)

Syntactic

b)

Semantic

c)

Graphophonic

d)

Pragmatic

19.

Which of the following words consists of one free morpheme and one affix?

a)

Unhelpful

b)

Previewing

c)

Truck

d)

Friendless

20.

What does the term story grammar refer to?

a)

The general structure of a story, including story elements

b)

The ability to use conventions of English correctly when composing fictional stories

c)

The ability to apply rules of syntax to decode unknown words in stories

d)

The main idea of a story

21.

Which example best demonstrates the writing or drawing of candy typical of a child in the transitional stage of writing development?

a)

[child's drawing]

b)

Csce

c)

Cande

d)

Candy

22.

Which example best demonstrates a student making an accommodation to existing schema, as suggested by Piaget?

a)

A child knows that periods are used at the ends of sentences. When given a question to punctuate for the first time, she uses a period.

b)

After using the writing process to write a narrative text, a child applies the process to write an expository text.

c)

A child does not like bees until learning about the role they play in pollination. She then believes that bees are helpful.

d)

A toddler learns about lions from a picture book and practices saying, "Roar!" She hears a tiger making a similar sound at the zoo and calls it a lion.

23.

Which of the following best explains the importance prior knowledge brings to the act of reading?

a)

Prior knowledge is information the student gets through researching a topic prior to reading the text. A student who is well-prepared through such research is better able to decode a text and retain its meaning.

b)

Prior knowledge is knowledge the student brings from previous life or learning experiences to the act of reading. It is not possible for a student to fully comprehend new knowledge without first integrating it with prior knowledge.

c)

Prior knowledge is predictive. It motivates the student to look for contextual clues in the reading and predict what is likely to happen next.

d)

Prior knowledge is not important to any degree to the act of reading, because every text is self-contained and therefore seamless. Prior knowledge is irrelevant in this application.

24.

A sentence in a book states, "The furry dog chases the stick." Which of the following examples demonstrates a structural error, if stated by a student reading the text?

a)

The furry dog chases the branch.

b)

The furry dog chases the big stick.

c)

The fuzzy dog chases the stick.

d)

The furry dog chased the stick.

25.

Sixth-grade students are taking a standardized, criterion-referenced reading test. Part of the test involves answering comprehension questions based on reading passages. Some of the passages contain cultural references that some groups of students do not understand, causing them to miss multiple questions. This is an example of a testing concern in which area?

a)

Validity

b)

Reliability

c)

Bias

d)

Consistency

26.

A student is having difficulties comprehending the content-related vocabulary words in his science textbook, even with the available context clues. Which text feature could the teacher direct the student to use to best assist with this difficulty?

a)

Table of contents

b)

Headings

c)

Index

d)

Glossary

27.

"Decoding" is also called:

a)

Remediation

b)

Deciphering

c)

Alphabetic principle

d)

Deconstruction

28.

At the beginning of each month, Mr. Yi has Jade read a page or two from a book she hasn’t seen before. He notes the total number of words in the section and the number of times she leaves out or misreads a word. If Jade reads the passage with less than 3% error, Mr. Yi is satisfied that Jade is:

a)

Reading with full comprehension

b)

Probably bored and should try a more difficult book

c)

Reading at her independent reading level

d)

Comfortable with the syntactical meaning

29.

A fifth-grader has prepared a report on reptiles, which is something he knows a great deal about. He rereads his report and decides to make a number of changes. He moves a sentence from the top to the last paragraph. He crosses out several words and replaces them with more specific words. He circles key information and draws an arrow to show another place the information could logically be placed. He is engaged in:

a)

Editing

b)

Revising

c)

First editing, then revising

d)

Reviewing

30.

A teacher wants to incorporate a lesson on point of view into his class’s fairy tale genre study. Which activity would best accomplish this goal?

a)

Reading a modern-day fairy tale and asking students to record what they liked and didn’t like about the story in their journals

b)

Contrasting two versions of the same fairy tale narrated by two different characters

c)

Having students write a different ending to an existing fairy tale

d)

Comparing and contrasting the events in a fractured fairy tale and its traditional version

31.

Context clues are useful in:

a)

Predicting future action

b)

Understanding the meaning of words that are not familiar

c)

Understanding character motivation

d)

Reflecting on a text’s theme

32.

The students enjoyed the assignment so much that the teacher suggested they select one fairy tale and modernize it without changing the basic structure. Evil kings and queens could become corrupt politicians, pumpkins could turn into Hummers, and romantic princes might reveal themselves as rock stars. The teacher believes this assignment will most effectively demonstrate to the students:

a)

The importance of setting to meaning

b)

The importance of characters to meaning

c)

The importance of culture to meaning

d)

The importance of creativity to meaning

33.

Which of the following options best demonstrates a kinesthetic activity to build sight word recognition?

a)

Circling sight words found in a magazine article

b)

Building sight words with letter tiles

c)

Reading books containing numerous sight words

d)

Hopping along sight words written in chalk

34.

A second-grade teacher is planning a lesson on adjectives and will ask students to locate 10 adjectives in a text. Which modified activity would be the most appropriate way for the teacher to engage advanced students in exploring adjectives?

a)

Asking them to locate 20 adjectives in the text

b)

Asking students to locate vague adjectives in the text and then replace them with more specific adjectives

c)

Pairing the proficient readers with struggling readers to complete the activity

d)

Assigning the students an additional practice paper to complete after finding the 10 adjectives

35.

A fourth-grade student struggles to decode several words in her science textbook, including organism, conclusion, and prediction. Which strategy would best help the student decode these and other similar words?

a)

Using context clues to select words that make sense in the sentences

b)

Slowly stretching out the letter sounds

c)

Blending the phonemes

d)

Looking for known word parts, such as prefixes and suffixes

36.

Which of the following statements regarding the acquisition of language is false?

a)

Young children often have the ability to comprehend written language just as early as they can comprehend or reproduce oral language when given appropriate instruction.

b)

Oral language typically develops before a child understands the relationship between spoken and written words.

c)

Most young children are first exposed to written language when an adult reads aloud.

d)

A child's ability to speak, read, and write depends on a variety of physiological factors, as well as environmental factors.

37.

A group of students is playing a card game at a classroom reading center. They take turns flipping over two cards and trying to create matches. Each match consists of a letter and a picture of a word that begins with that letter. For example, a student matches a card containing a letter p and a card displaying a picture of a pig. What concept are students practicing?

a)

Encoding

b)

One-to-one correspondence

c)

Phoneme isolation

d)

Alphabetic principle

38.

William, a third-grade student, recently wrote, “The cars drives down the street,” in his writing journal. His teacher notices that he makes similar errors in other sentences he writes. He also makes these types of errors when reading. For example, he recently said, “The birds flies in the sky,” while reading a text. Which grammatical skill should the teacher work on with William?

a)

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

b)

Consistent verb tenses

c)

Subject-verb agreement

d)

Complex sentences

39.

Tyler, a first-grade student, read a new book to his teacher while she took a running record. The teacher determined that Tyler read the text with 93% accuracy. The teacher noted that while Tyler struggled to decode a few challenging words in the text, he used strategies to accurately decode the remaining words. Based on this information, the book would be at which reading level for Tyler?

a)

Frustration level

b)

Instructional level

c)

Independent level

d)

Lexile level

40.

Which of the following words contains an r-controlled vowel?

a)

Rock

b)

Short

c)

Rain

d)

Trace

41.

Components of “explicit instruction” include:

a)

Clarifying the goal, modeling strategies, and offering explanations geared to a student’s level of understanding

b)

Determining the goal, offering strategies, and asking questions designed to ascertain whether understanding has been reached

c)

Reassessing the goal, developing strategies, and determining whether further reassessing of the goal is required

d)

Objectifying the goal, assessing strategies, and offering explanations geared toward a student’s level of understanding

42.

Which instructional strategy is most closely related to and is a key component of schema theory?

a)

Summarizing

b)

Activating prior knowledge

c)

Identifying main idea

d)

Recognizing story elements

43.

A sentence in a book states, “It is fun to play checkers.” Which of the following examples demonstrates an error related to meaning, if stated by a student reading the text?

a)

It is fun playing checkers.

b)

It is fun to play chess.

c)

It is fun to play games.

d)

It is fun to play checkers with friends.

44.

A sixth-grade science teacher wants to help his students recognize connections between words containing the same Latin root. Which activity would most likely achieve this goal?

a)

Defining words containing the root using a dictionary

b)

Creating a semantic map

c)

Searching for words containing the root in the science textbook

d)

Comparing and contrasting words containing the root using a Venn diagram

45.

A first-grade teacher schedules 10 minutes each day for sight word practice. This daily practice will most likely improve students’ reading proficiency by building which skill?

a)

Decoding

b)

Automaticity

c)

Phonemic awareness

d)

Phonological awareness

46.

Examples of CVC words include:

a)

Add, pad, mad

b)

Cat, tack, act

c)

Elephant, piano, examine

d)

Dog, sit, leg

47.

The alphabetic principle would be best introduced at which of Piaget’s cognitive stages of development?

a)

Sensorimotor stage

b)

Preoperational stage

c)

Concrete operational stage

d)

Formal operational stage

48.

What is one benefit of using a rubric over other types of assessment techniques?

a)

Rubrics break down overall scores by criteria, allowing students to see their strengths and weaknesses.

b)

Rubrics allow students to track their progress over time.

c)

Rubrics help students see how they did in comparison with their peers.

d)

Rubrics help identify the types of reading miscues students are making so teachers can provide targeted instruction.

49.

Reciprocal teaching activities focus on four main reading strategies. What is the fourth strategy, in addition to summarizing, questioning, and predicting?

a)

Evaluating

b)

Connecting

c)

Retelling

d)

Clarifying

50.

Timothy, a first-grade student, writes a few sentences in his reading journal. February 8, I played in the rane on Tuzday. I wore a cote to stay dry. I saw a grene frog by the car. Based on this writing sample, which skill should Timothy’s teacher focus on first during small-group instruction?

a)

Spelling days of the week

b)

Consonant blends

c)

Long vowel spelling patterns

d)

R-controlled vowels

51.

A preschool teacher has identified a small group of students who are lacking any phonological awareness skills. Which skill would be most appropriate for the teacher to initially focus on during small-group instruction?

a)

Syllabification

b)

Segmenting onsets and rimes

c)

Blending

d)

Rhyming

52.

Laura is reading an expository text and struggles to decode the words rabbit and problem. Which spelling pattern would be most beneficial for the teacher to practice with Laura?

a)

Open syllables

b)

Closed syllables

c)

CVCC spelling patterns

d)

Double consonants

53.

A teacher asks her students to say /ake/. She then tells students to add different consonant sounds to the beginning of /ake/ to see which real and nonsense words they can form. Which component of phonological awareness are students practicing in this activity?

a)

Syllabification

b)

Onsets and rimes

c)

Phoneme isolation

d)

Segmentation

54.

Which choice represents a likely progression of phonological awareness skills?

a)

Onset and rime manipulation, rhyming, phoneme deletion, syllabification

b)

Phoneme deletion, syllabification, onset and rime manipulation, rhyming

c)

Rhyming, syllabification, onset and rime manipulation, phoneme deletion

d)

Syllabification, phoneme deletion, rhyming, onset and rime manipulation

55.

A teacher gives students a story map to complete while reading a realistic fiction text. They are asked to record the characters, setting, problem, events, and solution. Which level of comprehension does this activity address?

a)

Affective

b)

Literal

c)

Inferential

d)

Evaluative

56.

In which of the following examples does the root word change when the suffix -ment is added?

a)

Treat

b)

Replace

c)

Establish

d)

Argue

57.

Which of the following activities would be most developmentally appropriate to include in a prekindergarten reading center?

a)

A consonant blend word sort

b)

Word cards that students can sequence to form sentences

c)

Letter outlines for students to fill in with beans

d)

Compound word puzzles

58.

Which of the following linguistic domains relates primarily to the meanings of words?

a)

Graphophonic

b)

Semantic

c)

Syntactic

d)

Pragmatic

59.

A teacher is working with a student who is struggling with reading. The teacher gives him

a story with key words missing:

The boy wanted to take the dog for a walk. The boy opened the door. The _____ ran

out. The ____ looked for the dog. When he found the dog, he was very _______.

The student is able to fill in the blanks by considering:

a)

Syntax. Oftentimes, word order gives enough clues that a reader can predict what happens

next.

b)

Pretext. By previewing the story, the student can deduce the missing words.

c)

Context. By considering the other words in the story, the student can determine the missing

words.

d)

Sequencing. By putting the ideas in logical order, the student can determine the missing

words.

60.

What is the first step that families and caregivers can take to encourage language

development in children after birth?

a)

Forming rhyming words

b)

Creating a print-rich environment

c)

Talking and singing to the child frequently

d)

Pointing out environmental print

61.

Which of the following statements is true regarding screening and diagnostic

assessments?

a)

Screening assessments provide more thorough information than diagnostic assessments

about students’ specific strengths and needs.

b)

Screening assessments are typically used to confirm diagnostic assessment results.

c)

Screening assessments are used to identify students who may be at future risk of academic

difficulties and may benefit from interventions.

d)

Diagnostic assessments are used to identify students who may be at future risk of academic

difficulties and may benefit from interventions.

62.

The teacher and her students brainstorm a list of talents, skills, and specialized knowledge belonging to members of the class. Some of the items on the list include how to make a soufflé, how to juggle, and how to teach a dog to do tricks. One student knows a great deal about spiders, and another knows about motorcycles. The teacher asks the students to each write an essay about something they are good at or know a great deal about. What kind of essay is she asking the students to produce?

a)

Cause and effect

b)

Compare/contrast

c)

Expository

d)

Argumentative

63.

First-grade students are given a sight-word list to practice for the week, containing the words below. Which word on the list contains a diphthong?

a)

There

b)

She

c)

Tree

d)

Boy

64.

When should students learn how to decode?

a)

Decoding is the most basic and essential strategy to becoming a successful reader. It should be introduced to kindergartners during the first two weeks of school.

b)

Decoding is not a teachable skill. It is an unconscious act and is natural to all learners.

c)

Decoding should be taught only after children have mastered every letter–sound relationship as well as every consonant digraph and consonant blend. They should also be able to recognize and say the 40 phonemes common to English words and be able to recognize at least a dozen of the most common sight words.

d)

Decoding depends on an understanding of letter–sound relationships. As soon as a child understands enough letters and their correspondent sounds to read a few words, decoding should be introduced.

65.

A preschool teacher is reading nursery rhymes to students, putting deliberate emphasis on the rhyming words. Which reading-related skill is she trying to develop in her students?

a)

Phonological awareness

b)

Phonemic awareness

c)

Alphabetic principle

d)

Phonics

66.

When working with English language learners, the teacher should:

a)

Avoid idioms and slang, involve students in hands-on activities, reference students’ prior knowledge, and speak slowly.

b)

Speak slowly, use monosyllabic words whenever possible, repeat each sentence three times before moving to the next sentence, and employ idioms but not slang.

c)

Use monosyllabic words whenever possible, repeat key instructions three times but not in a row, reference students’ prior knowledge, and have students keep a journal of new vocabulary.

d)

Have students keep a journal of new vocabulary, reference students’ prior knowledge, speak slowly, and involve students in hands-on activities.

67.

A third-grade student has difficulties with decoding and struggles to read grade-level texts independently. Which statement is likely to be true based on this information?

a)

The student will benefit from additional implicit phonics instruction.

b)

The student will also struggle with phonological awareness.

c)

The student will also struggle with fluency and comprehension.

d)

The student likely has a language processing disorder and requires further evaluation.

68.

A second-grade teacher is designing a word sort to help her students identify inflectional endings. Which pair of words should she use in this activity?

a)

Jumped and eating

b)

Blew and boo

c)

Crunch and trash

d)

Day and weigh

69.

Students in a sixth-grade classroom are reading a persuasive essay about the importance of recycling. Which question can the teacher ask to help students develop evaluative comprehension skills?

a)

Do you agree with the author that recycling is an easy way for everyone to help the environment?

b)

Which material takes longer to decompose: plastic or glass?

c)

What types of materials can be recycled?

d)

Who should you contact in your city if you want to help organize a recycling program?

70.

A student writes a fictional story about a man who struggles to work for a difficult boss. He includes the following sentences in the story:

“John never knew which boss he would meet in the office each morning. Would it be Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?”

Which type of literary device is the student using in this example?

a)

Foreshadowing

b)

Irony

c)

Allusion

d)

Pun

71.

Which of the following examples best demonstrates teacher scaffolding?

a)

A teacher gives students a mixture of building materials and challenges them to construct the tallest tower possible in 15 minutes.

b)

A teacher reads a book related to the current science unit aloud because it is too difficult for students to read independently.

c)

A teacher gives students time to self-select books related to their interests from the classroom library.

d)

A teacher uses picture cards to pre-teach vocabulary before students read a new book independently.

72.

Mr. Bennet’s fourth-grade students are practicing digital literacy skills as part of a math unit on financial literacy. They will be completing two digital assignments during this unit. One assignment is to write a blog post on budgeting that will be published on the school website. Another assignment is to write an email to a friend describing something they are saving up to buy. Which topic would be most beneficial for Mr. Bennet to teach to assist students with successfully completing both of these assignments?

a)

Verifying online sources

b)

Selecting relevant search keywords

c)

Navigating nonlinear writing and hyperlinks in digital texts

d)

Adjusting formality of language based on audience

73.

A teacher observes a first-grade student as she writes the word stop in her journal. The student says each sound out loud before writing the corresponding letter on her paper. Which process is the student exhibiting?

a)

Blending

b)

Decoding

c)

Segmenting

d)

Encoding

74.

A third grader knows he needs to write from left to right and from top to bottom on the page. He knows what sounds are associated with specific letters. He can recognize individual letters and can hear word families. He correctly identifies prefixes, suffixes, and homonyms, and his reading comprehension is very good. However, when he is asked to write, he becomes very upset. He has trouble holding a pencil, his letters are very primitively executed, and his written work is not legible. He most likely has:

a)

Dysgraphia

b)

Dyslexia

c)

Dyspraxia

d)

Nonverbal learning disorder

75.

Which example best demonstrates a student learning in his zone of proximal development?

a)

Being taught to apply a new decoding strategy while reading a book that contains some words that are new to the student

b)

Casually practicing reading using a reading passage that the student is very familiar with

c)

Listening to an audio version of a story in place of reading the written text because it is too difficult to read independently

d)

Pairing up a stronger student with a struggling reader to model use of a comprehension strategy

76.

Which set of words demonstrates an antonym pair?

a)

Build and construct

b)

Peer (to look at) and peer (someone of similar age or status)

c)

Shake and cake

d)

Drowsy and alert

77.

Which assessment will determine a student’s ability to identify initial, medial, blended, final, segmented, and manipulated “units”?

a)

Phonological awareness assessment

b)

High-frequency word assessment

c)

Reading fluency assessment

d)

Comprehension quick-check

78.

The pairs of words sea and see, fair and fare, are called:

a)

Homophones

b)

Antonyms

c)

Homographs

d)

Twin words

79.

After reading a historical fiction short story, a teacher gives a struggling reader a graphic organizer containing the following sentence stems: Someone, Wanted, But, So, Then. This graphic organizer would best help the student with which skill?

a)

Inferring

b)

Summarizing

c)

Drawing conclusions

d)

Evaluating

80.

Which of the following examples describes a summative assessment?

a)

A lab report completed as a homework assignment

b)

A weekly vocabulary quiz on science content words

c)

A teacher’s observations of a student as he completes a science experiment

d)

A science test given at the end of a unit on adaptations

81.

Which of the following best describes Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar?

a)

All languages have a level of structure in common.

b)

All languages have a similar order of acquisition.

c)

All languages can be acquired in the same amount of time.

d)

All languages have equivalent rules, though ordering may be different.

82.

Which of the following examples best demonstrates an intensive intervention plan for a student whose assessment results show she is performing below benchmark levels in decoding consonant blends?

a)

Sending home leveled readers containing numerous consonant blends for the student to read with family members

b)

Requiring the student to complete independent activities related to consonant blends during the daily word work station

c)

Adding 15 minutes of small-group instruction on consonant blends four times per week

d)

Teaching a whole-class lesson on consonant blends, followed by multiple independent practice activities

83.

The use of which graphic organizer best supports schema theory?

a)

Problem-solution chart

b)

Think-pair-share chart

c)

Sequence chain

d)

KWL chart

84.

"Language load" refers to:

a)

The basic vocabulary words a first grader has committed to memory.

b)

The number of unrecognizable words an English language learner encounters when reading a passage or listening to a teacher.

c)

The damage that carrying a pile of heavy books could cause to a child's physique.

d)

The number of different languages a person has mastered

85.

Which of the following questions requires students to make an inference about a fictional text?

a)

Did the author support her points with strong evidence?

b)

How do you think the character felt when she said that?

c)

What do you think will happen next?

d)

Does this character remind you of any characters in other books you have read?

86.

Which activity would be most appropriate to teach decoding of CVCe words?

a)

Covering parts of the word

b)

Chunking

c)

Building word families

d)

Blending

87.

Research has indicated that which of the following options is the best predictor of early reading success?

a)

Phonemic awareness

b)

Interest in reading

c)

Concepts of print

d)

Oral vocabulary

88.

Students in a second-grade classroom are exploring and building words that contain eigh. Which layer of orthography are they exploring?

a)

Alphabet layer

b)

Pattern layer

c)

Meaning layer

d)

Conventional layer

89.

Character maps, fact and opinion charts, 5Ws charts, and webs are all examples of what?

a)

Literary elements

b)

Genres

c)

Text features

d)

Graphic organizers

90.

Before reading a nonfiction book about habitats, students are given a list of statements about the content and asked if they agree or disagree with them. After reading, they return to the list and their initial responses and indicate if they still agree with their choices or if their thoughts have changed as a result of new information gained while reading. What type of tool does this example describe?

a)

Storyboard

b)

Anticipation guide

c)

Concept map