A disruption in the integrity of a bone, usually from trauma.

An abrupt tear to a ligament by being stretched or torn.

Common sites are ankles and knees.

Microscopic tear to the musculotendinous unit that happens over time due to repetitive motion.

Suspect when symptoms of pain, pulselessness, pallor, paresthesias, paralysis

Common congenital deformity involving ankle and foot with heel inverted, ankle equinus and forefoot adduction.

Congenital or acquired limited neck motion with neck flexed to affected side.

Deformity of lateral curvature of the spine, assess using Adam’s test

Structural defect at base of skull, risk for herniation.

Musculoskeletal dysfunction of hip instability after birth. May

be related to a breech birth.

Dysfunction of displacement of proximal femoral

epiphysis in a posterior & inferior direction.

Genetic musculoskeletal dysfunction of bone fracturing.

—Avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Autoimmune disorder targeting joints, occurs prior to age 16,

affecting girls more than boys.

Abnormally increased convex angulation in the curvature of

the thoracic spine.

Accentuation of the cervical or lumbar curvature beyond

physiologic limits.

Disorder when neural tube fails to close. Many forms. This

form characterized by paralysis of the lower extremities.

Very common brain disorder, early onset, characterized by

impairment of movement and posture.

Peripheral nerve disorder of ascending weakness or paralysis

and paresthesias, which may result in respiratory failure

Genetic disorder of progressive muscle weakness and

wasting.

Genetic disorder of progressive weakness and wasting of

muscles due to degeneration of the anterior horn - many

types.