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Microorganisms Quiz

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 25hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which organisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

a)

Fungi

b)

Algae

c)

Bacteria

d)

Protozoa

2.

What structure is found in all prokaryotes?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Golgi apparatus

3.

Which eukaryotic microorganism contains chitin in its cell wall?

a)

Algae

b)

Fungi

c)

Protozoa

d)

Bacteria

4.

What size range best describes prokaryotic cells?

a)

10-100 µm

b)

1-10 mm

c)

0.2-5 µm

d)

50-100 nm

5.

Which feature is unique to eukaryotic cells?

a)

Capsule

b)

Peptidoglycan

c)

Membrane-bound organelles

d)

Endospores

6.

Which cell wall structure is characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

a)

Outer membrane

b)

Thick peptidoglycan

c)

Chitin

d)

LPS endotoxin

7.

What component is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

a)

Teichoic acid

b)

Ergosterol

c)

LPS

d)

Chitin

8.

The capsule around some bacteria helps prevent:

a)

Conjugation

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Sporulation

9.

What structure is directly involved in energy production in prokaryotes?

a)

Nucleoid

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Pili

10.

Which bacteria are more likely to resist β-lactam antibiotics?

a)

Gram-positive

b)

Gram-negative

c)

Fungal spores

d)

Algae

11.

What is the function of bacterial pili?

a)

Motility

b)

Sporulation

c)

DNA transfer

d)

Protein synthesis

12.

Which bacterial appendage is used for biofilm attachment?

a)

Flagella

b)

Cilia

c)

Fimbriae

d)

Pseudopodia

13.

What is the role of endospores in bacteria?

a)

DNA transfer

b)

Buoyancy

c)

Heat resistance

d)

Motility

14.

Gas vesicles in aquatic bacteria help with:

a)

Reproduction

b)

Energy production

c)

Buoyancy

d)

Sporulation

15.

An example of a spore-forming bacterium is:

a)

E. coli

b)

Streptococcus pyogenes

c)

Bacillus anthracis

d)

Giardia lamblia

16.

What term describes a virus that kills its host cell?

a)

Lysogenic

b)

Dormant

c)

Lytic

d)

Latent

17.

Which virus structure is made of proteins?

a)

Envelope

b)

Capsid

c)

DNA

d)

Lipid membrane

18.

SARS-CoV-2 uses what to enter host cells?

a)

Flagella

b)

Cilia

c)

Spike proteins

d)

Endospores

19.

Which viral cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome?

a)

Lytic

b)

Budding

c)

Lysogenic

d)

Replicative

20.

Viral envelopes are typically:

a)

Produced by Golgi apparatus

b)

Made of peptidoglycan

c)

Derived from host cell membranes

d)

Found in bacteria only

21.

What polysaccharide gives fungal cell walls their rigidity?

a)

Peptidoglycan

b)

Cellulose

c)

Chitin

d)

Lignin

22.

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

a)

Sporulation

b)

Budding

c)

Binary fission

d)

Meiosis

23.

Which membrane component in fungi is targeted by antifungals?

a)

Peptidoglycan

b)

Cholesterol

c)

Ergosterol

d)

LPS

24.

Molds grow as:

a)

Spores

b)

Buds

c)

Hyphae

d)

Cysts

25.

Penicillium is industrially important because it:

a)

Degrades plastics

b)

Produces antibiotics

c)

Fixes nitrogen

d)

Ferments bread

26.

What form of locomotion does Paramecium use?

a)

Flagella

b)

Cilia

c)

Pseudopodia

d)

Pili

27.

Which protozoan uses pseudopodia?

a)

Giardia

b)

Paramecium

c)

Entamoeba

d)

Plasmodium

28.

The dormant, protective form of protozoa is called:

a)

Trophozoite

b)

Spore

c)

Cyst

d)

Zygospore

29.

Giardia lamblia causes:

a)

Tuberculosis

b)

Diarrhea

c)

Pneumonia

d)

Ringworm

30.

The active feeding stage of protozoa is the:

a)

Cyst

b)

Trophozoite

c)

Endospore

d)

Sporozoite

31.

Which organism uses light as its energy source?

a)

Saccharomyces

b)

Nitrosomonas

c)

Cyanobacteria

d)

Entamoeba

32.

Chemotrophs obtain energy by:

a)

Fermenting sugar

b)

Absorbing sunlight

c)

Oxidizing chemicals

d)

Engulfing host cells

33.

Nitrosomonas obtains energy by oxidizing:

a)

Carbon

b)

Ammonia

c)

Glucose

d)

Sulfur

34.

Thermophiles thrive in:

a)

Cold ocean vents

b)

Hot springs

c)

Salty lakes

d)

Acidic soils

35.

Which organism can survive high radiation for bioremediation?

a)

Thermus aquaticus

b)

Deinococcus radiodurans

c)

Plasmodium

d)

Giardia lamblia

36.

Which microorganism produces enzymes for detergents?

a)

Pseudomonas

b)

Bacillus subtilis

c)

Penicillium

d)

Nitrosomonas

37.

Which bacteria form biofilms in cystic fibrosis patients?

a)

Streptococcus

b)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

c)

Bacillus

d)

Clostridium

38.

What do β-lactam antibiotics target?

a)

DNA

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Cell walls

d)

Flagella

39.

What antibiotic blocks protein synthesis in bacteria?

a)

Penicillin

b)

Amphotericin B

c)

Tetracycline

d)

Ciprofloxacin

40.

Ergosterol is targeted in:

a)

Antibacterial therapy

b)

Antiviral therapy

c)

Antifungal therapy

d)

Anti-parasitic therapy

41.

Structure dictates function. Which structure allows bacterial motility?

a)

Fimbriae

b)

Pili

c)

Flagella

d)

Ribosomes

42.

Fungal chitin provides:

a)

Buoyancy

b)

Motility

c)

Rigidity

d)

Nutrient uptake

43.

Protozoan cysts allow survival in:

a)

Water only

b)

Harsh conditions

c)

Acidic soils

d)

Alkaline lakes

44.

Endospores are resistant to:

a)

Freezing

b)

Radiation

c)

Heat

d)

Antibiotics only

45.

What triggers septic shock in Gram-negative infections?

a)

Teichoic acid

b)

LPS endotoxin

c)

Flagella

d)

Ribosomal proteins

46.

Match the microorganism with the disease it causes: Plasmodium

a)

Diarrhea

b)

Malaria

c)

Dysentery

d)

Pneumonia

47.

Which microorganism is used in bread and beer fermentation?

a)

Penicillium

b)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

c)

Aspergillus

d)

Clostridium

48.

What microorganism thrives in salt lakes like the Dead Sea?

a)

Halophiles

b)

Thermophiles

c)

Cyanobacteria

d)

Algae

49.

The microorganism used to produce Taq polymerase is:

a)

E. coli

b)

Deinococcus

c)

Thermus aquaticus

d)

Bacillus anthracis

50.

Which structure is responsible for adhesion to surfaces in biofilm formation?

a)

Pili

b)

Endospore

c)

Fimbriae

d)

Flagella