Which laboratory test measures the size of a red blood cell?

GM is a 58-year-old African American man with systolic heart failure presenting with a 10-day history of shortness of breath which limits his normal daily activities and increases lower extremity edema. His weight has recently increased by 12 lb. His physical examination is notable for BP 144/77 mm Hg, HR 85 bpm, RR 22 rpm, rales, and 4+ lower extremity edema. Pertinent laboratory values include: sodium 136 mmol/L, potassium 5.4 mmol/L, BUN 23 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and digoxin 1.9 ng/mL. Past medical history is significant for hypertension (HTN), gout, COPD, and atrial fibrillation. Current medications include lisinopril 20 mg daily, diltiazem CD 120 mg daily, digoxin 0.250 mg daily, salmeterol/fluticasone 250/50, two puffs bid. GM recently began taking naproxen 220 mg tid for gout pain. Furosemide is initiated at 40 mg twice daily to manage fluid overload. Within the following 24 hours, GM experiences a brisk diuresis with improvement in heart failure signs and symptoms. The naproxen is discontinued to avoid exacerbating fluid retention, and colchicine is initiated at 0.6 mg bid to manage acute gout flares. Once optimal fluid status is achieved, diltiazem is discontinued and carvedilol initiated at 3.125 mg twice daily to manage hypertension. What additional medication change should be considered to decrease morbidity outcomes (e.g. hospitalizations) for GM?

Select the innate cell that represents the majority of granulocytes and serves as the primary defense against bacterial infections.

A 19-year-old man with no known medical history is brought to the emergency department (ED) in a difficult-to-arouse state. His parents report he has been complaining of a vague abdominal pain earlier in the morning, and then began vomiting and urinating frequently in the hours before admission. Urine and blood were positive for ketones. The following laboratory values were taken: Na 142 mEq/L, K 4.5 mEq/L, Cl 100 mEq/L, HCO3 10 mEq/L, glucose 795 mg/dL, pH 7.26, and Pa CO2 23 mm Hg.

A premenopausal woman with ER negative, node positive breast cancer is starting doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide adjuvant treatment. What would you recommend to determine the severity of the most common toxicity associated with this treatment regimen?

Which of the following findings are most consistent with the diagnosis of pre-renal AKI?

CC is a 64-year-old man with a history of chronic kidney disease and heart failure. His baseline SCr is 1.6 mg/dL, with a corresponding CrCl of approximately 50 mL/min. Today, he is brought by ambulance to the emergency room with dyspnea at rest and lower extremity edema all the way up to his thighs. His laboratory analysis shows a SCr of 3.2 mg/dL, and he does not recall urinating at all in the past 24 hours. Which of the following statements is true regarding the estimation of CC's kidney function today?

A patient reports that he has been taking his finasteride and consuming 60 ounces of water daily for the last 6 months for BPH. His last PSA was 2.7 ng/mL. Today it is 1.2 ng/mL. This can be best explained by which of the following?

The provider is going to order a serum lithium level for GT. When is the appropriate time to monitor/order a serum lithium level?

Which AED has an unbound (free) concentration of 1 to 2 µg/mL? (Unbound refers to "not bound to serum protein/albumin.")

Which of the following organisms is most likely to manifest a positive India ink stain on a cerebral spinal fluid sample?

A 68-year-old woman has been hospitalized in the ICU for several weeks. She has had a complicated hospital course with pneumonia and sepsis, requiring prolonged courses of antibiotics. Over the past few days, she began spiking fevers and is having a lot of loose watery stools. Her stool was positive for C. difficile by polymerase chain reaction. Laboratory values include Na 142 mEq/L, Cl 110 mEq/L, HCO 3 18 mEq/L, albumin 4.5 g/dL, pH 7.32, and Pa CO 2 = 33 mm Hg. Has the patient been appropriately compensated for the primary disorder?

A 58-year-old woman is in the intensive care unit, intubated after a recent abdominal surgery. While in the operating room, she received more than 10 L of fluid and blood products, but has been aggressively diuresed since that time. In the past 3 days she has generated 8 L of urine output, her BUN and Cr have increased to 40 mg/dL and 1.5 mg/dL, respectively, and her blood pressure has decreased to 100/60 mm Hg. This morning, her ABG shows the following: pH 7.55, Pa CO2 48 mm Hg, and HCO3 38 mEq/L.

How long after a Mantoux skin test for TB infection is placed should it be read?

Select the pathogen that represents an exogenous bacteria flora (i.e., acquired from the hospital). Characteristics of this pathogen are nonlactose fermenting gram-negative bacilli.

VC is a 47-year-old white man with a medical history significant for type 2 diabetes (5 years), obesity and new-onset hypertension. He is treated for his diabetes and his current HA1c is 7.4%. He was started on lisinopril 10 mg 4 weeks ago and the dose was increased after 2 weeks to 20 mg. His BP is now 148/92 mm Hg and his heart rate is 68 beats per minute (bpm). Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation for VC?

Which of the following statements is true regarding urine volume?

GT is a 28-year-old man with no known drug allergies who was initially treated with vancomycin for his cellulitis. His abscess culture after appropriate incision/drainage revealed caMRSA. He has clinically improved enough to receive oral antibiotics. Which of the following is an appropriate step-down antibiotic for GT?

FR is a 56-year-old African-American woman with newly diagnosed hypertension. Her average BP is 163/92 mm Hg. Which of the following is the best recommendation for FR?