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Worksheetspublic health
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 58mins
Which of the following health interventions isn’t typical of primary prevention?
Food hygiene
Preventative immunisation
Chemoprophylaxis
Community screening
The level of health of a community depends on the following main determinants:
Healthcare, disease prevention and rehabilitation
Socioeconomic conditions, environment and education
Living habits, environment, genetics and healthcare
Intersectoral coordination, healthcare and socioeconomic development
Point out the correct statement:
Preventative medicine aimed at masses is equivalent to promotion
Health protection is aimed at individuals
Specific prevention focuses on the general population
All are correct
Frite Index: S5 indicates:
A population with low life expectancy
A regressive population with a high state of health
Bulb-type pyramid with high juvenile and senile dependency
They are all true
According to the current legal concept, a live birth is considered:
The child who is born alive
The child who dies 5 hours after birth
The child who dies 3 hours after birth
None of the above
Indicate the incorrect answer about censuses:
It’s a responsibility of the municipality
The variables collected are personal data and data about the buildings
Collection is individualised
The next one will be done in 2021
Indicate the correct answer:
The crude birth rate is a good indicator because it allows us to make comparisons between countries with similar social structures
The synthetic fertility index equal to 2 indicates that there are good prospects for the survival of the species in a country
According to the Swaaron index, the closer it is to 100%, the worse the country’s health status is
None is correct
The best indicator of health status is:
Maternal mortality
Life expectancy at birth
Infant mortality
Fetal mortality includes;
From conception to 28 weeks
From birth to the first year of life
From birth to the first week
From conception to birth
Friz index 79.94 and Sundbarg A-30.27 and 8-47.71:
Indicates mature and regressive population respectively
Indicates young and regressive population respectively
Indicates mature and stationary population respectively
Indicates young and progressive population respectively
What situation would you include in the numerator of the maternal mortality formula?
Women who die from receiving treatment
A 35-year-old pregnant woman who smokes, stops her treatment due to non-compliance and dies
Pregnant woman who has an accident
None of these cases
According to the following infant mortality rates for 2010, indicate the correct statement: A 176, B 149, C 52, D 3
Country C has a higher level of health and culture than A
Spain would be similar to the value presented by D
We cannot know the level of development
The denominator of the formula is the total number of children born alive in that year
What indicator gives me the average number of children per woman at the end of her fertile life:
General fertility rate
Synthetic fertility index
Synthetic reproduction index
Gross reproduction rate
Who are the most receptive to health education:
Healthy people
The entire population
People with acute illnesses
Workers exposed to occupational risks
The indirect method of health education:
Is more effective than direct ones
Are very efficient
Is used to transmit complex messages
Is not recommended for use at the beginning of programs
What health education technique cannot be used to transmit complex messages?
Lectures
Counseling
The indirect method
All true
The first international health promotion conference took place in:
Adelaide
Alma-Ata
Ottawa
Bangkok
The health education program with the best cost-effectiveness is:
Health education in the community
Health education at work
Health education at school
Health education for patients with both acute illnesses
Counseling or medical advice:
Requires new skills
Is undirectional
Doesn’t change ingrained negative attitudes
Shouldn’t last more than 30 minutes
With whom will we use persuasive communication?
Healthy children
Sick adults
Healthy adults
Sick elderly
Why was the health promotion movement born?
Faced with a situation of social inequalities in global health
To reform primary care with emphasis on health education
Seek strategies such as citizen participation to improve health
They are all correct
Identify the correct statement:
In the free market model, health is a good protected by the state with basic regulation
The general health law establishes 3 levels of care that coincide with the levels or prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary
In the Spanish health system, health services are under the responsibility of the autonomous communities
To achieve maximum operability and effectiveness of health services, the basic health zones will be divided into health areas
Which health system has greater equity and cost control?
Any health system
National health system
Free market model
Social insurance model
The moderator ticket:
Is completely free
Avoid over saturation
Is a type of improvement to be attended correctly
None are true
The health system in France corresponds to the model:
Beveridge
Bismarck
Fielderwich
Free market
In a population classified as progressive, where the average age is above 50, the senile dependency rate:
Should be high
Is probably low
Is greater than what a regressive population would have
A and C are correct
According to the United States health model:
Universality is a basic principle in this model
It has great advances in research and technology
It has frequent accessibility problems
Health is a good protected by the government
Specialised healthcare:
Is only offered in hospitals
Offers total coverage
Two most common and mild pathologies of the disease are treated
Is the lowest cost level of health care
The aging of the population in Spain produces (incorrect):
Impact on economic growth
Increase in the cost of pensions
Increase in health spending
All are correct
In the phases of health education:
Needs continuous evaluation in all phases
Isn’t necessary to evaluate before carrying out the educational campaign
Provide audio-visual support whenever possible
They are all true
Instruments that increase population participation in order to improve their health (incorrect)
Self-care
Self-medication
Mutual support groups
Evaluation of health status
Point out the incorrect statement
Reducing social inequalities improves health and reduces premature death
The health promotion movement was an urgent action promoted by the workers
The single objective for all in the head 2000 was not achieved
The European health promotion agency was one of the consequences of development of the health
Positive externality means:
It’s an indirect benefit received by a population group that isn’t directly protected
Gave priority to the most serious operations and ill esses
It’s a concept that affects people who are insured
It’s a type of improvement that means that they don’t receive treatments completely free
Point out the principle of a perfect health system that wasn’t guaranteed before 2011 in Spain:
Universality
Financing through taxes
Cost control
Integrated system
Country with low birth rate, low mortality and high life expectancy
United states
Afghanistan
Spain
Morocco
According to the following table of crude mortality rates for the year 2010, select the correct answer: country 1: 17.49/ country 2: 15.72/ country 3: 9/ country 4: 8.5
Country 3 has a higher infant mortality rate than country 4
Spain would resemble the value given by country 2
Country 3 and 4 have similar demographic structures
Crude mortality rates cannot be compared directly between countries without knowing their demographic structures
Gas gangrene is a disease that causes:
Titular necrosis, due exclusively to the growth of Clostridium perfringens
Titular necrosis, due exclusively to the growth of Clostridium botulinum
Titular necrosis, due to the neurotic toxin of Clostridium botulinum
Titular necrosis, due to the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotic toxin
The most serious burn infections are:
Those produced by Staphylococcus Aureus
Those produced by Myobacterium tuberculosis, since they can lead to disseminated tuberculosis
Those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to its great resistance to antibiotics
Those produced by Clostridium, since they can pass into the blood and cause anthrax
Herpes zoster is a disease:
With skin manifestation in the form of ulcers
Very serious and fatal in most cases
Requiring a long antibiotic treatment
Result of the reactivation of the chickenpox virus
The disease know as ringworm are cause by:
dermatophyte fungi
Bacteria from the skins normal biota
Candida albians
Fungi that are capable of metabolising chitin
The causative agent of tetanus:
Penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that produces muscle rigidity
It penetrates through the ingestion of contaminated food and secretes an enterotoxin that produces muscle rigidity
It penetrates through the skin and secretes a neurotoxin that produces flaccid paralysis
Is a microorganism incapable of producing spore
Fever is a disease that can appear:
How to complicate gonorrhea
As a consequence of Staphylococcal pharyngitis
As a sequel to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
As a sequel to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Indicate the correct answer about osteomyelitis:
Osteomyelitis is always of endogenous origin and is caused by bacilli
Osteomyelitis is only caused as surgical complications
Osteomyelitis is a disease of autoimmune origin
Osteomyelitis can have an endogenous origin through the blood or surgical origin
The so-called “molluscum contagiosum ” has as its causal agent:
A yeast
A filamentous fungus
A bacteria
A virus
Inactivated virus vaccines are used :
Viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products
Pathogenic viruses adapted to grow on non-human cells
Viral capsid proteins
Virus envelope glycoproteins
Of the diseases indicated below, indicate which one you believe isn’t mandatory in Spain:
Legionellosis
Poliomyelitis
Common gastroenteritis
Rubella
Infectious diseases:
Are always contagious
Some are contagious
Are never contagious
Are always produced by bacteria
The measles virus:
It only produces skin manifestations
I localised disease of the skin of the trunk
It can produce catarrhal manifestations and skin rashes
It can manifest itself several times in a person during his or her life
The pathogenic mechanisms of gastroenteric diseases:
They are always enterotoxinogenic
They are always invasive
They can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive
They are neurotic
Escherichia coli:
Has strains that always cause diseases
It’s strains are not pathogenic
It pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains
Its strains are all enterotoxigenic
Apart from sexual transmission by which of the following ways can HIV be transmitted?
By fomites
Through parental channels
By respiratory route
By fecal-oral route
Cholera is a disease that is acquired:
By absorption of the causal Agent present in respiratory secretions
Due to the passage of the causal agent through the placenta
Due to the entry of the causal agent into the bloodstream after the bite
Due to the ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water
Cholera toxin can be classified within the group of:
Neurotoxins
Endotoxins
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins
Nonbacterial gastroenteritis :
Is produced by yeast
Produces bronchopulmonary clinical symptoms
Is caused by viruses and present mild gastrointestinal symptoms
Is caused by viruses and is always fatal
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water or food?
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
The symptoms of scalded skin syndrome, a skin disease, are due to:
The action of an exfoliative toxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes
The growth of Streptococcus pyogenes on the epidermis and the consequent legions
The destruction of the deep layers of the skin by Streptococcus Aureus
The action of a foliative toxin produced by Streptococcus aureus
Typhoid fever is a disease:
Caused by Shigella gonorrhea and transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water
Caused by Salmonella typhi and some of whose symptoms are constipation and splenomegaly
Caused by Salmonella typhi and transmitted by the absorption of respiratory secretions
Caused by Salmonella typhi and transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water
Oncogenic viruses:
The cortex of the endospores has an identical composition to the bacterial cell wall
Endospores are forms of resistance of some bacteria
Some bacterial endospores are formed by budding
All bacteria can form endospores in the absence of nutrients
Indicate among the structures mentioned below which ones are considered bacterial virulence factors
Plasmids
70s ribosomes
Hypersensitivity
a,b and c
Elongated bacteria that group together to form chains are called:
Staphylococcus
Streptobacilli
Streptococcus
Staphylobacilli
Fungi that can grow in filamentous form or as yeast, depending on the environment in which they are found, are called:
Diploid fungi
Dimorphic fungi
Yeast fungi
Staphylobacilli
Filamentous fungi have a cellular structure, which as a whole is called:
Hyphelius
Cytoskeleton
Glycocalyx
Mycelium
The peptidoglycan (murein) layer of bacterial cell wall:
It’s found in Gram + and Gram - bacteria
Is in the microplasms
It’s only in Gram bacteria -
It’s only in Gram + bacteria
Of the viral diseases listed below, which would produce a persistent infection:
Chickenpox
AIDS
Polio
Cold sores
The capsomeros are:
Long molecules composed of multiple copies of the viral genome
The nucleic acid molecules synthesised by the virus after infection of a cell
Each of the protein subunits that make up the capsid
Viruses that have lost their capsid
Indicate in which situation listed below, would it be easier for a person to acquire a nosocomial infection?
Extreme age, that is, the elderly or small children
Healthy people aged 20-30 years without any type of disease
People undergoing surgery
A and C
The membrane that surrounds enveloped viruses is :
Part the cell wall that the virus acquires when it leaves the infected cell
Part of the cell plasma membrane that the virus acquires when leaving the infected cell
Part of the virus patina
Part of the peptidoglycan of the virus
Strict aerobic microorganisms:
They grow only in the presence of nitrogen
They grow only in the presence of carbon dioxide
They grow only in the presence of oxygen
They grow only in the presence of oxygen, but can tolerate it’s absence
In relation to temperature, what are the microorganisms that cause disease diseases in humans called?
Mesophiles
Thermophiles
Psychrophiles
Barophiles
Of the sterilising radiation is indicated below, which one is not ionised and could be used, although with precautions, in a physiotherapy room?
UV rays
X-rays
Cathode rays
Gamma rays
Chlorine:
It’s only used as a sterilant
It’s only used as an antiseptic
It’s only used as a disinfectant
It has the same applications as iodine
Chemical products used to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and that can be used on living tissues or called:
Bacterioslistacticos
Sterilizers
Antiseptics
Aseptic
From the point of view of the level of sanitary disinfection, they are considered critical level equipment
Those that penetrate directly into the bloodstream or into sterile tissues
Those that come into contact with the intact mucosa
Those that come into contact with the skin
Those who come into contact with fomites
The process of destruction of both the vegetative and the endorsing forms of all the organisms present in a material is called:
Disinfection
Sterilisation
Sanitation
Degermination
What method would be used to sterilise a solid material that is very sensitive to heat?
Filtration
Pressure in autoclave
Ethylene oxide
Tindalization
An autoclave is a device that is used for :
Disinfection
Hygiene
Antisepsis
Sterilisation
Glutaraldehyde:
Is only used as a disinfectant
Is only used as an antiseptic
It’s only used as a sterilant
Is used as a sterilant or disinfectant depending on its concentration
What are the healthy carriers in contagious foci?
Individuals who present signs and/or symptoms of illness
Infected individuals without signs or symptoms of disease
They are individuals who are incubating the disease
They are individuals recovered from the disease or with subclinical symptoms
Lysosome present in saliva, tears… is a defense mechanism:
External
Internal
Acquired
It’s a type of antibody
Interferon are:
Cells of the immune system that destroy cells infected by viruses
Soluble molecules of the immune system that react specifically with antigens bacterial
Soluble molecules that are part of the external defence mechanisms
Molecules of the immune system that prevent the multiplication of viruses and cells infected
Pityriasis versicolor:
It’s a bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system
It’s a mycosis that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation
It’s a vicious disease that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation
It’s a subcutaneous mycosis
The so-called primary syphylis:
It’s the phase of the disease that affects the respiratory system
It’s manifested by lesions in the genital organs
It can affect the nervous system
It only occurs in a female
Legionnaires disease, is a disease:
Produced by Legionella pneumophila and spread directly from person to person
Produced by Legionella pneumophila and is not spread directly from person to person
That fundamentally affects the digestive system is older people
That can be avoided by cooking food
Onychomycosis:
They are produced by Staphylococcus Aureus
They are produced only by yeasts with candida
They are produced only by dermatophyte fungi
b and c
List the infectious diseases that can cause septic arthritis
Measles
Gonorrhea
Onymycosis
Chickenpox
Anthrax is :
A disease who’s causal agent (Bacillus anthracis) penetrates through wounds in the skin but affects only the nervous system
A disease who’s causative agent (Clostridium botulinum) destroys muscle fascia
A skin disease whose causal agent (Bacillus anthracis) penetrates through wounds in the skin, from sick animals
A disease caused by the ingestion of a toxin secreted by its causative agent (Clostridium botulinum)
What type of method would you use to completely eliminate microorganisms from the surgical instrument?
sterilisation in 2% hydrogen peroxide
Pressure sterilisation in autoclave
Sterilisation with ethanol
Sterilisation with sodium hypochlorite
Microorganisms invoked in nosocomial infections:
Are acquired after the person enters the hospital center
They only affect people undergoing surgery
It doesn’t usually present great resistance to antibiotic treatment
It always comes from the patients normal biota
An antimicrobial substance that acts on bacteria and fungi is considered:
Altered spectrum
Restricted spectrum
Broad spectrum
Selective spectrum
Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms are due to:
Exclusively to the action of the toxins produced by them
Exclusively to the growth of microorganisms on tissues
To action of toxins and/or growth, depending on the disease
An in body temperature that always occurs
The infective dose is called:
The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
The establishment of microorganisms on a host independent of the humour of microorganisms that are
The number of microorganisms necessary for the disease to occur
The ability of microorganisms to produce the disease
The transmission of microorganisms from the infected mother to the child through the placenta is called:
Horizontal transmission
Postnatal transmission
Congenital transmission
Perinatal transmission
The host’s external mechanical defense mechanisms:
They are the pH of the stomach
They are part of the acquired or specific immune system
They are the barrier of the skin and mucous membranes
They destroy tumour cells infected by viruses
Why was the health promotion movement born?
Faced with a situation of social inequalities in global health
To reform primary care with emphasis on health education
Seek strategies such as citizen participation to improve health
They are all true
Identify the correct statement:
I free market model, health is a good protected by the state with basic regulation
The general health law establishes three levels of care that coincide with prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary
In the Spanish health system health services remain under the responsibility of the autonomous communities
To achieve maximum operability and effectiveness of health services. The areas basic health areas will be divided
Which health system has greater equity and cost control?
Any health system
National health system
Free market model
Social insurance model
The moderator ticket:
Is completely free
Avoid over saturation
Is a type of improvement to be attended directly
None is true
The health system in France corresponds to the model:
Beveridge
Bismarck
Fieldewich
Free market
In a population classified as progressive, where the average age is above 50 years, the senile dependency rate :
Should be high
Is probably low
It’s greater than what a regressive population would have
A and C are correct
What are the so-called systemic diseases?
Those produced exclusively by bacteria
Those produced exclusively by viruses
Those that affect multiple organs or tissues
Those that are located in a single organ or tissue
What are onychomycosis?
They are bacterial diseases that affect the skin
They are fungal diseases that affect the skin
They are fungal diseases that affect the nails
They are bacterial diseases that affect nail fever
Indicate the correct statement related to tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is caused by myobacterium tuberculosis which is not an intercellular pathogen
Tuberculosis is caused by myobacterium tumefaciens, which causes tubercles in a lung
Tuberculosis is caused by myobacterium tuberculosis, which is an intracellular pathogen
Tuberculosis is caused by myobacterium leprae, which is an intracellular pathogen
How is Vibrio Cholerae acquired?
By absorption of the causal agent present kn respiratory secretions
Due to the passage of the causal agent through the placenta
Due to the entry of the causal agent into the bloodstream after an insect bite
Due to ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water
In accordance with the new current Spanish health regulations:
The assets pay in full for the medication
Contribution of assets in the payment of the medication is 40%
The contribution of retirees in paying for the medication is 0%
A unemployed employee without any remuneration contributes to the payment of the medication is 0%
What are immunosera?
They are sera that contain antibodies against infectious agents
They are sera that contain antigens against infectious agents
They are antigenic preparations that are administered to man and animals for the purpose to provoke the production of antibodies that serve to prevent infections diseases or to cure them
They are preparations identical to vaccines
Indicate what is called innate or nonspecific immunity:
Those that occur after exposure to an infectious agent, that is specific and measured by antibodies or lymphoid cells
It’s the one possessed at birth
It’s what is acquired after vaccinations
It’s the one acquired after an illness such as the flu
Botulinum toxin can be classified within the group of:
Neurotoxins
Endotoxins
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins
What is used in inactivated virus vaccines?
Viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or chemical products
Pathogenic viruses adapted to grow on non-human cells
Viral capsid proteins
Virus envelope glycoproteins
Dermatophytic fungi that cause skin mycoses:
They are keratinophiles
They are chitinophiles
They are necrotic
They are neurotoxic
Oncogenic viruses:
They always produce malignant tumours
They always destroy the cell plasma membrane
They always give rise to metastasis
They always alter the mechanism that regulates cell multiplication
Of the microorganisms listed below, indicate which one produces different types of diseases depending on the route of transmission:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacillus cereus
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium tetanil
A mesophilic microorganism:
Grows at temperatures above 50°C
Grows at room temperatures
Grows at body temperatures, around 37°C
Grows at temperatures below 5°C
In a hospital environment, indicate what type of micro organisms need to be more careful when applying a method to control the transmission of infectious diseases
Of bacterial vegetative forms
Of fungal vegetative forms
In any case, the resistance that microorganisms can produce
Of non-enveloped viruses
Indicate the correct phase:
In indirect horizontal transmission of infectious diseases, mechanical vectors only transport the pathogen
Horizontal transmission can be vertical and mechanical
Vertical transmission is transmitted through biological vectors
In indirect horizontal transmission of infectious diseases, biological vectors only transport the pathogen
The causative agent of tetanus (Clostridium tetanii):
It penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that produces muscle rigidity
It penetrates through the ingestion of contaminated foods and secretes an enterotoxin that produces muscle rigidity
It penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that produces flaccid paralysis
It’s a microorganism incapable of producing spores
What is a fomite?
Common inanimate objects found around the patient
Transmission vectors mechanisms such as insects
A pathogenic microorganism that is usually found in sick carriers
Food that patients eat in hospitals
