WorksheetsReview Questions – Exam #3
Total questions: 52
Worksheet time: 26mins
What are programmed and unprogrammed decisions?
• Programmed decisions: Routine, automatic decisions. • Unprogrammed decisions: Unique, non-routine requiring problem solving.
• Programmed decisions: Always require creative thinking. • Unprogrammed decisions: Are always routine and repetitive.
• Programmed decisions: Are made only by top management. • Unprogrammed decisions: Are made only by lower-level employees.
• Programmed decisions: Involve no rules or guidelines. • Unprogrammed decisions: Follow strict procedures.
Define strategic, operational, and tactical decisions.
• Strategic: Long-term, overall direction decisions. • Operational: Day-to-day execution decisions. • Tactical: Middle-level decisions to implement strategies.
• Strategic: Short-term, routine decisions. • Operational: Long-term, policy-making decisions. • Tactical: Day-to-day administrative tasks.
• Strategic: Daily scheduling decisions. • Operational: Setting company vision. • Tactical: Deciding annual budgets.
• Strategic: Employee hiring decisions. • Operational: Deciding company mission. • Tactical: Setting long-term goals.
Who makes strategic decisions? Operational decisions? Tactical decisions?
• Strategic: Top management. • Operational: Lower-level employees. • Tactical: Mid-level managers.
• Strategic: Lower-level employees. • Operational: Top management. • Tactical: Mid-level managers.
• Strategic: Mid-level managers. • Operational: Top management. • Tactical: Lower-level employees.
• Strategic: Mid-level managers. • Operational: Lower-level employees. • Tactical: Top management.
What are creative decision-making model, the bounded rationality model, intuitive decision-making model, and the rational decision-making model?
• Creative: Steps include problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, and verification. • Bounded rationality: Limited by time and cognitive ability; satisficing instead of maximizing. • Intuitive: Based on instincts and experience without conscious reasoning. • Rational: Logical step-by-step process to maximize outcomes.
• Creative: Focuses only on group consensus and voting. • Bounded rationality: Always seeks the perfect solution regardless of time. • Intuitive: Relies solely on statistical analysis. • Rational: Ignores logical steps and maximizes intuition.
• Creative: Involves only data collection and reporting. • Bounded rationality: Unlimited by time or resources. • Intuitive: Requires extensive market research. • Rational: Based on random selection.
• Creative: Steps include only brainstorming and no evaluation. • Bounded rationality: Assumes perfect information is always available. • Intuitive: Never uses experience or instincts. • Rational: Avoids logical processes entirely.
Define anchoring and adjustment bias, availability bias, confirmation bias, escalation of commitment bias, overconfidence bias, and anchoring and adjustment bias.
• Anchoring and adjustment bias: Relying heavily on the first piece of information. • Availability bias: Emphasizing information that is most readily available. • Confirmation bias: Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs. • Escalation of commitment: Continuing a failing course of action. • Overconfidence bias: Overestimating one's own abilities or information.
• Anchoring and adjustment bias: Ignoring the first piece of information. • Availability bias: Focusing on rare events. • Confirmation bias: Seeking information that contradicts existing beliefs. • Escalation of commitment: Quickly abandoning a failing course of action. • Overconfidence bias: Underestimating one's own abilities or information.
• Anchoring and adjustment bias: Making decisions based on group consensus. • Availability bias: Only using statistical data. • Confirmation bias: Avoiding all prior beliefs. • Escalation of commitment: Refusing to start new projects. • Overconfidence bias: Always doubting one's own decisions.
• Anchoring and adjustment bias: Relying on expert opinions only. • Availability bias: Ignoring recent information. • Confirmation bias: Seeking random information. • Escalation of commitment: Changing direction at every obstacle. • Overconfidence bias: Always seeking advice from others.
What are the advantages of individual decision making and group decision making?
Advantages of individual decision making: Faster, clear accountability, less conflict. Advantages of group decision making: More ideas, diverse perspectives, better acceptance of decisions.
Advantages of individual decision making: More conflict, slower process, less accountability. Advantages of group decision making: Fewer ideas, less acceptance, limited perspectives.
Advantages of individual decision making: Less responsibility, more confusion, slower decisions. Advantages of group decision making: Less creativity, fewer perspectives, poor acceptance.
Advantages of individual decision making: More groupthink, less clarity, more conflict. Advantages of group decision making: Fewer ideas, less diversity, slower decisions.
The Big 5 Personality traits are known as:
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Creativity, Intelligence, Empathy, Assertiveness, Patience
Honesty, Loyalty, Bravery, Kindness, Humility
Optimism, Pessimism, Realism, Idealism, Pragmatism
Self-esteem and integrity are:
qualities related to self-worth and honesty
types of physical fitness
forms of financial investment
methods of communication
Autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire are types of which of the following decision making styles?
Leadership decision making styles
Economic policies
Communication methods
Conflict resolution strategies
Directive, supportive, participative, and results oriented leadership styles are types of which of the following?
Leadership styles
Communication methods
Team roles
Conflict resolution strategies
Servant, authentic, abusive, transactional, and transformational are types of what?
Leadership
Management styles
Communication methods
Organizational structures
Modern, global leaders must possess which of the following leadership competencies?
Cultural intelligence and adaptability
Technical skills only
Strict adherence to local practices
Avoidance of collaboration
Define power. What is the ability to influence others’ behavior to achieve goals called?
Power
Authority
Motivation
Leadership
What does 'dependency' mean in the context of power?
Needing a resource gives power.
Having no need for resources.
Controlling all resources independently.
Ignoring the influence of others.
What does 'scarcity' mean in the context of power?
Rare resources increase power.
Abundant resources decrease power.
Scarcity means unlimited resources.
Scarcity is unrelated to power.
What does 'importance' mean in the context of power?
Valuable resources increase power.
Power is always inherited.
Importance means popularity.
It refers to physical strength.
What does 'substitutability' mean in the context of power?
Fewer alternatives increase power.
More alternatives increase power.
Power is unrelated to alternatives.
Substitutability means sharing power equally.
What is the base of power that comes from a formal position or role?
Legitimate
Expert
Referent
Coercive
What is the base of power that comes from control over rewards?
Reward
Coercive
Legitimate
Expert
What is the base of power that comes from the ability to punish?
Coercive
Reward
Referent
Expert
What is the base of power that comes from knowledge or skill?
Expert
Coercive
Reward
Referent
What is the base of power that comes from personal appeal or charisma?
Referent
Coercive
Legitimate
Reward
What is the base of power that comes from access to valuable information?
Information
Coercive
Reward
Legitimate
What is logic?
The use of reasoning and facts to support ideas.
A type of mathematical equation.
A form of artistic expression.
A physical exercise routine.
Which influence tactic involves the use of logic and facts?
Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals
Pressure
Coalition tactics
Which influence tactic involves appealing to values or emotions?
Inspirational appeals
Rational persuasion
Pressure tactics
Exchange tactics
Which influence tactic involves involving others in decisions?
Consultation
Pressure
Coalition
Legitimating
Which influence tactic involves using flattery or praise?
Ingratiation
Rational persuasion
Pressure
Exchange
Which influence tactic involves a request based on loyalty?
Personal appeal
Rational persuasion
Pressure
Coalition tactics
Which influence tactic involves trading favors?
Exchange
Pressure
Rational Persuasion
Ingratiation
Which influence tactic involves gaining support from others?
Coalition tactics
Rational persuasion
Pressure tactics
Exchange tactics
Which influence tactic involves using demands or threats?
Pressure
Rational persuasion
Ingratiation
Consultation
Which influence tactic involves using rules or authority?
Legitimating tactics
Inspirational appeals
Personal appeals
Coalition tactics
What is impression management? (Fill in the blank with the correct answer.)
Act of influencing others' perceptions by regulating information.
Process of creating advertisements for products.
Method of managing financial accounts in a business.
Strategy for improving memory retention.
What are the directions of influence?
Upward: Influencing those above you. Downward: Influencing subordinates. Peer (lateral): Influencing coworkers at the same level.
Only downward: Influencing subordinates.
Only upward: Influencing those above you.
Only peer: Influencing coworkers at the same level.
What are the organizational antecedents of political behavior?
Scarcity of resources, role ambiguity, unclear performance evaluations, promotion opportunities.
High employee satisfaction, clear communication, strong leadership, job security.
Abundant resources, transparent policies, equal pay, low competition.
Strict hierarchy, fixed routines, no incentives, high automation.
What are centralization and formalization? (Fill in the blank with the correct answer.)
Centralization: Decision-making concentrated at the top. Formalization: Extent to which policies/procedures are written and enforced.
Centralization: Policies are always unwritten. Formalization: Decision-making is always decentralized.
Centralization: Employees have complete autonomy. Formalization: No rules or procedures exist.
Centralization: Decision-making is random. Formalization: Policies are never enforced.
What are flat structures and span of control?
Flat structures: Few management layers. Span of control: Number of subordinates per manager.
Flat structures: Many management layers. Span of control: Number of managers per subordinate.
Flat structures: Few management layers. Span of control: Number of departments per manager.
Flat structures: Many management layers. Span of control: Number of subordinates per department.
What are functional structures? (Fill in the blank with the correct answer.)
Grouping jobs based on function (e.g., marketing, HR).
Assigning employees to random departments.
Organizing teams by project location.
Dividing staff based on age groups.
What are organic structures conducive to?
Flexibility, creativity, innovation, decentralized decision making.
Strict hierarchy, rigid procedures, centralized control, limited innovation.
High levels of bureaucracy, slow decision making, resistance to change.
Uniformity, standardization, minimal employee autonomy.
What are external forces that are creating change for organizations?
Technology, globalization, market competition, demographics, regulation.
Employee satisfaction, internal communication, office layout, team building, leadership style.
Product packaging, company logo, office snacks, dress code, meeting frequency.
Holiday schedules, parking availability, cafeteria menu, office parties, break room decor.
What are enthusiastic support, passive resistance and active resistance?
Enthusiastic support: Eagerly supports change. Passive resistance: Quietly resists without voicing. Active resistance: Open opposition to change.
Enthusiastic support: Ignores change. Passive resistance: Actively promotes change. Active resistance: Quietly accepts change.
Enthusiastic support: Openly resists change. Passive resistance: Eagerly supports change. Active resistance: Passively observes change.
Enthusiastic support: Passively observes change. Passive resistance: Openly supports change. Active resistance: Quietly accepts change.
Why do people resist change? (Fill in the blank with the correct answer.)
Fear of unknown, habit, loss of control, bad timing, peer pressure.
Desire for more work, love of surprises, need for chaos, preference for instability.
Excitement about new rules, eagerness to lose control, wish for confusion, love of risk.
Preference for constant change, dislike of routine, craving for uncertainty, need for stress.
What are the 3 stages of change? Know the definitions of each.
• Unfreezing: Preparing for change. • Change: Implementing the transformation. • Refreezing: Reinforcing and stabilizing the change.
• Planning: Setting goals for change. • Acting: Taking steps towards change. • Reviewing: Assessing the outcomes of change.
• Initiating: Starting the process. • Executing: Carrying out the plan. • Concluding: Wrapping up the change.
• Awareness: Realizing the need for change. • Acceptance: Agreeing to change. • Action: Making the change happen.
What is organizational culture?
Shared values, beliefs, and norms that influence behavior.
The financial structure of an organization.
The physical layout of the office space.
The number of employees in an organization.
What are the 3 levels of organizational culture? Know the definitions of each.
• Artifacts: Visible elements (dress, layout). • Values: Stated principles and standards. • Assumptions: Deep, taken-for-granted beliefs.
• Policies: Written rules and regulations. • Procedures: Step-by-step instructions. • Outcomes: Results of actions taken.
• Goals: Desired future achievements. • Strategies: Plans to achieve goals. • Tactics: Specific actions to implement strategies.
• Roles: Job titles and responsibilities. • Hierarchies: Levels of authority. • Networks: Informal relationships.
What are the dimensions of organizational culture? Know the definition of each.
• Innovative: Risk-taking encouraged. • Aggressive: Outperforming competitors. • Outcome-oriented: Results matter. • Stable: Predictable, rule-oriented. • People-oriented: Fairness, respect. • Team-oriented: Collaboration valued. • Detail-oriented: Precision and attention to detail.
• Hierarchical: Only top management makes decisions. • Flexible: No rules or structure at all. • Financial: Focused only on profits and losses. • Isolated: No communication between departments.
Is seeking feedback part of what process?
Onboarding process.
Exit interview process.
Payroll process.
Inventory management process.
What are mentors and role modeling?
• Mentors: Advisors who support career development. • Role modeling: Learning by observing others.
• Mentors: People who only provide financial support. • Role modeling: Ignoring the actions of others.
• Mentors: Individuals who discourage career growth. • Role modeling: Avoiding learning from others.
• Mentors: Friends who have no influence on your career. • Role modeling: Not paying attention to anyone's behavior.
What are the different visual elements of culture?
Mission statements, rituals, rules, physical layout, dress code.
Financial statements, annual reports, profit margins, tax returns, invoices.
Product features, marketing slogans, customer reviews, sales data, advertisements.
Employee salaries, stock prices, market share, investment portfolios, dividends.
Sense of urgency is the first step in increasing the chance of success when you are trying to accomplish what?
Change.
Routine tasks.
Daily planning.
Financial savings.
Organizational change is defined as:
A process in which an organization changes its structure, strategies, operational methods, technologies, or culture to effect change within the organization.
A process of hiring new employees only.
A method of increasing product prices to gain more profit.
A way to reduce the number of employees in an organization.
