Global transgressive and regressive cycles can be caused by which two of the following?

Reefs built from colonial corals became common in what period?

The first mountain building episode of the Appalachians was the:

In the Grand Canyon, the Tapeats Sandstone, overlain by the Bright Angel Shale and Muav Limestone, represent a(n)

Rise and fall of sea level in epeiric (shallow inland) seas can be partly explained by continental glaciation events.

At the beginning of the Cambrian, all of the continents were dispersed in high latitude (northern) regions of the globe

A normal sequence of sedimentary facies representing transgression would be from the bottom of a vertical sequence toward the top:

The Alleghanian orogeny was the first of the major mountain building events in the Appalachians.

The regressive phase of a transgressive/regressive sequence is often marked by an unconformity.

The Paleozoic history of most continents involves very little tectonic activity, but a series of transgressions and regressions because of glaciation episodes.

The radiation of vascular plants on land increased oxygen levels and decreased CO₂. This led to the Karoo glaciation during the:

The occurrence of widespread desert conditions during the Permian was probably related to:

During the entire Paleozoic, the western margin of North America could be described as:

The collision of an island arc with the western margin of North America during the Late Devonian and Early Mississippian caused the:

Most of the productive coal beds of Paleozoic age are found in rocks formed during the:

The ocean around Pangaea at the end of the Paleozoic was the

The Acadian orogeny was related to the closing of the ocean Panthalassa.

Extensive glaciation occurred during the Carboniferous because Laurasia moved over the north polar region.

The supercontinent Pangaea was surrounded by one great ocean known as Panthalassa.

The Antler Orogeny was the final event involved in the suturing of continents to form the supercontinent, Pangaea.

Mass extinctions at the end of the Ordovician occurred because of:

A paleontologist discovers a well-preserved specimen in Silurian-aged rocks. This organism was an arthropod, with pinchers, and resembles a modern-day scorpion. This fossil probably represents a(n):

Currently, most scientists believe that the Permian extinction was a result of:

Cambrian fauna were evolutionarily very simple, and lacking in hard parts.

By having an endo- or exoskeleton, an organism can increase its size.

The extinction near the end of the Devonian most severely affected seedless vascular land plants.

The only major extinction event during the Paleozoic was at the end of the Ordovician.

Trilobites, an organism abundant in the Early Paleozoic and less abundant in the Late Paleozoic, greatly flourished after the Permian extinction.

The major invertebrate phyla had evolved during the Cambrian Period.

A tetrapod is:

“Placoderm” refers to fish which had:

A factor that made it difficult for animals to adapt to land was:

Which of the following was critical for the adaptation of reptiles to terrestrial ecosystems?

Reptiles had evolved at least by the

Which reptile group is considered to be the immediate ancestor of mammals?

The Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary is a major break in the geologic time scale because

What is the correct order for the evolution of the following groups of animals, from earliest to latest?

Of the following, the first organism to reproduce by the amniote egg would be:

Therapsids evolved mammal-like features, including more differentiation of teeth.

Insects preceded amphibians in the colonization of land.