WorksheetsHeart Failure MCQs
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
What is the primary clinical presentation of heart failure?
Fever and chills
Shortness of breath and oedema
Abdominal pain
Headache
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of heart failure?
Orthopnoea
Fatigue
Night sweats
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
What does the term ‘heart failure’ primarily refer to?
A specific disease of the heart
A syndrome characterized by symptoms due to cardiac dysfunction
A blood disorder affecting the heart
An infection of the heart muscle
Heart failure may result from which types of ventricular dysfunction?
Systolic only
Diastolic only
Both systolic and diastolic
Neither systolic nor diastolic
Which side of the heart is more commonly affected initially in heart failure?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Both equally
Atria
The ejection fraction (EF) is used to assess which aspect of cardiac function?
Heart rate
Ventricular contractility
Valve integrity
Coronary artery patency
What is the EF threshold for diagnosing HFrEF?
>50%
41-49%
≤40%
Less than 25%
Which of the following conditions is a common etiology of heart failure?
Rheumatic heart disease
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic kidney disease
Asthma
Hypertensive heart disease causes which hypertrophy of the heart?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Bi-ventricular hypertrophy
Atrial hypertrophy
Which diagnostic test is NOT typically used in the baseline investigation of heart failure?
ECG
Chest X-ray
Liver biopsy
Echocardiography
What is a hallmark sign of right-sided heart failure?
Orthopnoea
Pedal oedema
Pulmonary crackles
Tachycardia
The management of acute heart failure involves which immediate step?
Administering oral diuretics
Hospital admission and oxygen therapy if hypoxaemic
Surgical valve repair
Discharging the patient with advice
Which medication is recommended to reduce mortality in HFrEF?
Beta-blockers only
ACE inhibitors or ARBs + Beta-blockers + MRA
Antibiotics
Calcium channel blockers
Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin belong to which class of drugs used in heart failure?
ARBs
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
In the treatment guidelines, what is the role of Sacubitril/Valsartan?
First-line in all heart failure patients regardless of symptoms
Replacement for ACE inhibitor in patients with persistent symptoms (NYHA III-IV)
Only used in hypertensive patients
Ineffective in heart failure
Which side effect is a reason patients may switch from ACE inhibitors to ARBs?
Hypoglycemia
Cough
Headache
Dizziness
Which of the following drugs is NOT used as a disease-modifying agent in heart failure?
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Digoxin
Dapagliflozin
What is the starting dose of Carvedilol in heart failure management?
1.25 mg once daily
10 mg twice daily
50 mg once daily
100 mg twice daily
A patient with heart failure and persisting symptoms despite optimal therapy should receive which additional treatment?
Increasing diuretics alone
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
Antibiotics
No further treatment
In acute heart failure, what medication is given IV to manage fluid overload?
Digoxin
Furosemide
Metoprolol
Lisinopril
Which of the following is an important non-pharmacological measure in heart failure management?
Reducing sodium intake
Increasing fluid intake
Avoiding all physical activity
High-fat diet
What is the prognosis for most heart failure patients within the first year of diagnosis?
10-20% mortality
30-40% mortality
5-10% mortality
Nearly 100% recovery
Which of the following findings is typical in left-sided heart failure?
Dependent edema
Orthopnoea and pulmonary crackles
Hepatomegaly
Elevated jugular venous pressure
What is the main reason for fluid retention in heart failure?
Increased sympathetic activity
Decreased contractility and pump failure
Infection
Valvular stenosis
Which of the following is NOT a common investigation for heart failure?
ECG
Chest X-ray
Liver function test
Colonoscopy
The term ‘biventricular failure’ means:
Failure of both atria
Failure of both ventricles
Failure of the right ventricle alone
Failure of the left ventricle alone
What therapeutic intervention is considered in resistant oedema in heart failure?
Immediate surgery
Combination of loop diuretics and thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics
Antibiotics
Long-term bed rest
Which of these drugs is an aldosterone antagonist used in heart failure?
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
Metoprolol
Furosemide
The main goal of pharmacological treatment in heart failure includes all EXCEPT:
Reduce mortality
Relieve symptoms
Increase blood pressure
Improve quality of life
What is a common contraindication to ACE inhibitor use in heart failure?
Cough and angioedema
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Asthma
Which class of medication is preferred in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction for improving survival?
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors, Beta-blockers, MRA
Nitrates
Antibiotics
In managing acute heart failure, which drug is used to increase cardiac output in cardiogenic shock?
Dobutamine
Furosemide
Digoxin
Lisinopril
What is the significance of the NYHA classification in heart failure?
It determines the type of surgery needed
It assesses symptoms severity and prognosis
It measures cardiac output directly
It predicts response to antibiotics
Which of the following is NOT an intervention for heart failure management?
Lifestyle modification
Surgical valve repair
Antibiotic therapy in all patients
Device therapy like ICD or CRT
Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated heart failure?
Myocardial infarction
Worsening pulmonary edema
Stroke
Kidney stones
What is the primary effect of neurohormonal activation in heart failure?
Vasodilation and reduced afterload
Vasoconstriction and fluid retention
Decreased sympathetic activity
Reduced renin-angiotensin activity
Which drug class should be avoided in patients with heart failure and persistent cough?
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
What is the main purpose of using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in heart failure?
To improve cardiac output
To prevent sudden cardiac death
To reduce blood pressure
To treat arrhythmias
Which is considered a novel class of drugs that has shown survival benefit in HFrEF?
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Antibiotics
Nitrates
Statins
Overall, the prognosis of heart failure is generally:
Excellent with full recovery expected
Poor, with high mortality rates within a few years
Similar to that of hypertension
Good with proper medication always leading to cure
