ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS PREVENT CONCEPTION BY INHIBITING

The hormone responsible for estrogen stimulation is:

Select the cervical anomaly that does not cause bleeding:

A 28-year-old woman presents with pelvic pain. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Sonographically, the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. This most likely represents:

ALL ARE CLINICAL FINDINGS OF PCOS EXCEPT:

A KRUKENBERG TUMOR SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CIRCUMSTANCES?

The inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the:

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROID EXCEPT:

The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube is consistent with:

FEMALE CAUSES OF INFERTILITY INCLUDES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

THIS IMAGE SHOWS:

A PATIENT IS REFERRED FOR A PELVIC U/S FOR RLQ PAIN, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A POSSIBLE CONSIDERATION?

Which of the following is usually a predominantly cyctic mass?

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus & anterior to the iliac creat are the:

Complex appearing fluid within the fallopian tubes seen with PID is most likely:

Which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor?

All of the following are considered risk factors for PID except:

Increase levels of Hcg may cause:

Hydrometra would appear sonographically as:

PID can lead to all of the following except:

THIS IMAGE OF A PATIENT WHO IS TAKING INFERTILITY DRUGS SHOWS:

Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes:

The right ovarian artery branches off the:

A 34 year old patient presents to the ultrasound department for endovaginal ultrasound complaining of intermenstrual bleeding. The ultrasound findings include a focal irregularity & enlargement of one area of the endometrium. The most likely diagnosis is:

ALL ARE U/S APPEARANCE OF POLYP EXCEPT:

ENDOCRINE DISORDER WHICH INDUCES THE PITUITARY TO SECRETE GONADOTROPINS EARLIER THAN USUAL, RESULT IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

The most common initial presentation of PID is:

Which of the following is strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer:

An 18-yr-old female presents for pelvic U/S with the history of 2 vaginas. The U/S images demonstrate 2 uterine horns & 2 cervices. This would be most consistent with which of the following?

THIS IMAGE SHOWS WHICH DAY OF MENSTRAL CYCLE?

ALL ARE PHASES OF OVARIAN CYCLE EXCEPT:

What statement about Meige’s syndrome is false?

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A CLINICAL INDICATION FOR DOING U/S ON THE WOMEN WITH IUD?

Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by all of the following except:

A 34-yr-old female present with irregular, heavy periods. The sonographer notes a diffusely enlarges uterus containing multiple hypoechoic masses. This would be most consistent with:

THIS IMAGE SHOWS:

All of the following statements concerning PID are true except:

 WITH INCREASING AGE, THE OVARIES BECOME UNRESPONSIVE TO GONADOTROPINS & STOP PRODUCTION OF:

The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of the:

IMAGE A OF THE OVARY SHOWS

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBE LOCATION OF FIBROID EXCEPT:

The ultrasound appearance of the myometrium may be described as:

A 23-yr-old female presents for a pelvic U/S with the history of right adnexal mass palpated on clinical exam. The sonographer identifies a mass in right adnexa that is complex in appearance; including echogenic foci, that casts a strong acoustic shadow. This would be most consistent with which of the following pathologies?

All are U/S appearance of dermoid tumor except:

Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located:

Which of the following would be described as functional cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin?

WHAT STRUCTURE OF THE OVARY PRODUCES PROGESTERONE?

Sonographic finding of Ovarian hyperstimulated syndrome includes all of the following except

ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS CHARACTERIZED BY CYST DEVELOPED FROM ADHISION PERITONEAL SURFACE CAUSED BY PREVIOUS SURGERY OR INFECTION. THIS PATHOLOGY CAN CAUSE CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN:

The image below is:

The uterine vessels are found in the:

Ultrasound finding of an endometrium polyp include:

paraovarian cyst is a:

Subserosal leiomyoma is a type of leiomyoma, which deformed the myometrium

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the:

All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except:

THIS PHASE OF MENSTRAL CYCLE HAS A EFFECT BY

All of the following are ultrasound findings consistent with adenomyosis except:

Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium?

The periovulatory phase may also be referred as the:

The best description for endometrial polyps is:

The most common female genital tract malignancy is:

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the:

What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?

ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

A mucinous cystadenoma is all except which of the following?

Although clinical signs for endometrial cancer & leiomyosarcomas are nonspecific, most present it as:

Degenerative changes occur when myomas:

 IF THE ENDOMETRIUM MEASURE MORE THAN 14 mm IN THE POSTMENOPAUSAL FEMALE WITHOUT HRT, THE SONOGRAPHER SHOULD THINK OF:

Precocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except:

All are ultrasound appearance of peritoneal inclusion cyst except:

Which is NOT a bone of the pelvic girdle?

A 15-yr-old female presents for a pelvis U/S examination because of intense pelvic pain. The sonographer should focus on which of the following?

A dermoid is:

THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE FORMS MUCH OF THE

OVARIAN MALIGNANCY CAN SPREAD VIA:

All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except:

Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis?

 The most common cause of tubal obstruction is:

Both the straight & spiral arteries are branches of the:

Which of the following is said to be common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

All are the muscles of true pelvis except:

Which condition will not cause the endometrium appear thickened?

The temporary endocrine gland that results from rupture of the graafian follicle is the:

UNOPPOSED ESTROGEN ADMINSTRATION MAY CAUSE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

THE CENTRAL ECHOGENIC LINE OF THE ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY REPRESENTS:

THE BROAD LIGAMENT ENCLOSES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

The rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina & the isthmus is the:

All of the following are ultrasound findings of the TOA except:

Cervical stenosis is an acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal:

A patient presents to the ultrasound department with fever, chills, & vaginal discharge, sonographically, what finding would you most likely not encounter?

an endometrioma most likely appears as a:

Theca lutein cysts are:

The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except:

U/S DETECTION OF AIR BUBBLE IN THE UTERINE CAVITY MAY BE DUE TO ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma?

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritoneal is the:

The vagina is located _________ to the uterus:

THE HYPER ECHOIC, LINEAR STRUCTURE, IN THE ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY  WHICH CAUSES POSTERIOR SHADOW IS:

When measuring the lateral ventricular system of the fetal head, the most accurate level to use is the:

Myelomeningocele is the herniation of:

The fetal position that offers a true sagittal view of the spine is:

Midline falx is important landmark to visualize because its presence implies that separation of __________ has occurred.

All are true for the ultrasound of the fetal heart except for:

Which structure is obliterated in spinal bifida?

The placenta is responsible for all the following except?

Polyhydramnios happens when there is obstruction to which fetal system in utero?

Oligohydramnios happens when there is obstruction to which fetal system in utero?

What covers the umbilical cord?

Measurement of the cerebellum is best made at the level of the:

A percentage of the fetal blood from the IVC is shunted from

An embryo presents with an outpouching from the anterior abdominal wall into the base of the umbilical cord and is covered by a membrane. This is MOST likely to be?

The Spalding sign is most often associated with

The "lemon" and "banana" sign are usually associated with:

A complex mass appearing on either side of the fetal neck is mostly likely a:

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding of a hydatidiform mole?

The most common cause of painless bleeding in the 2nd and 3rd trimester in pregnancy is:

Which of the following is a double fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres and is a BPD landmark?

What references or landmarks should be used to document the biparietal diameter?

Hydrops fetalis is characterized by?

If an anterior abdominal wall mass is seen just to the right of the umbilical cord, the most likely diagnosis is:

Trophoblastic disease which extends outside the uterus and spreads to the lungs or brain is called:

BPD diameter should be taken from:

A 22-year-old gravid patient presents with oligohydramnios. Which of the following would be least likely?

Acrania is partial or complete absence of the cranium, the fetus has an abnormally shaped head referred to as _____.

Which of the following is a dilation of the ventricular system without enlargement of the cranium and shows the choroid plexus "dangling"

Failure of the prosencephalon to divide into 2 cerebral hemispheres & ventricles is known as?

Cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle with agenesis of the cerebellum is known as?

Brain necrosis from occlusion of the internal carotid artery is known as?

A midline cranial defect with herniation of the brain and meninges primarily in the occipital area is known as?

A pregnancy that has both an intrauterine (normal) and extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy is known as?

Which of the following is the most life threatening of all ectopic pregnancy's?

A gestational sac without an embryo is?

The most common occurrence of bleeding in the first trimester is from?

What is the most accurate ultrasound measurement for determining gestational age in the first trimester?

At what gestational age can the gestational sac first be visualized on transvaginal ultrasound?

The side-by-side appearance of the amnion and the yolk sac is described as the:

Two echogenic rings around the sac are called the ____ the outer ring is the decidua parietalis, the inner ring decidua capsularis. The presence of this sign is highly indicative of early IUP

Which structure appears at 5-6 weeks in early pregnancy and is the 1st structure to function?

What is the fetal portion of the placenta called and what is the maternal portion of the placenta?

What percentage does the heart occupy in the fetal thoracic cavity?

Most commonly PID is caused by:

When periovarian adhesions that distort anatomy form, the ovary cannot be separated from the inflamed dilated tube it is called the _____.

The most common pelvis mass associated with pregnancy is the:

Dangling choroid sign is associated with:

The most common cause of hydrocephalus in utero is:

The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the:

Causes of female infertility include all of the following except:

All of the following are possible locations for fibroids except:

What vessels are often seen around the periphery of the uterus, and what vessels arise from branches of these vessels?

The ligaments that attach the ovaries to the lateral pelvic sidewall are the:

What effects do high levels of FSH have?

 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MUSCLES IS SEEN SONOGRAPHICALLY ANTERIOR &LATERAL TO THE URINARY BLADDER?

Which of the following about the ovaries is false?

WHAT HORMONE IS RELEASED BY THE PITUITARY GLAND?

A 24 yr old female presents for a sonographic exam of the pelvis. The sonographer notices that the endometrium is isoechoic to the myometrium & outlined by a hyperechoic line, with another hyperechoic line in the center. One would assume that the patient is in which stage of her menstrual cycle?

Sonographic evidence of a hypoechoic, hypervascular, irregular-shaped structure within the ovary most likely represents which of the following?

The pituitary gland releases what two hormones during the

 ovarian endocrine cycle?

The rectouterine space is also known as which one of the following?

All are regions of the broad ligament except:

Corpus luteum immediately begins secreting:

The average menstrual cycle lasts approximately ___ days, beginning with the first day of menses.

 FUNDUS IS THE PORTION OF THE URETUS SUPERIOR TO THE:

What muscle group may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral side walls of the pelvis?

The anterior cul de sac, or ___________________pouch, is located anterior to the fundus of the uterus between the ______________ and the _____________.

Secretory phase of endometrial cycle corresponds to _____________ of ovarian cycle.

Flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the:

This hormone can benefit women by reducing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/cancer however it can lead to breast cancer

Bicornuate uterus is a congenital malformation that results from incomplete fusion of the:

Which of the following ovarian masses does not secrete hormones?

Which type of leiomyoma tends to be the most symptomatic?

Which of the following vessels is also known as the hypogastric artery?

ADENOMYOSIS IS ECTOPIC ENDOMETRIUM:

which of the following will appear as a cyst in the cervical region of the uterus?

The following are all benefits of estrogen replacement therapy EXCEPT

Which of the following will appear as a cyst in the vaginal region?

Benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstrual bleeding:

What is the most common type of leiomyoma that deforms the myometrium?

Sonohysterography is a common procedure used to determine some causes of infertility, including

The most dangerous location for an ectopic pregnancy is______________

Location of uterine fibroid do not include:

 A patient who has never had a menstrual period is said to have:

ALL ARE CLINICAL FINDING OF POLYP EXCEPT:

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most commonly caused by:

A fibroid is sonographically indistinguishable from:

NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUID IN THE POSTEROR CUL-DE-SAC IS COMMON WITH:

All are true for normal gestational sac except:

The inner cell mass develop into all except:

Select the fetal position that offers a true sagittal view of the spine:

Choose the anatomy that can be detected in the fetal neck:

 A patient is seen with heavy bleeding 5 days after delivery. Ultrasound reveals an enlarged postpartum uterus with an echogenic mass. this suggests which of the following?

Normal fetal brain parenchyma appears _____________ because of small size reflectors and high water content in tissue.

Most common clinical presentation for complications of 1st trimester is:

All of the following are associated with a decreased serum hCG except:

The etiology of hydatidiform mole is:

 Cerebellar hemisphere is join by:

Women with endometriosis may have:

 All of the following structure are seen in posterior fossa except:

SIS is useful in diagnosis of ovarian pathology:

The cause of endometrioma is same as endometriosis:

Type of fibroid found to deform the endometrial cavity & causes heavy or irregular bleeding is subserosal fibroid

Type of fibroid that may become pedunculated & appear as extrauterine mass is:

Space of Retzius is also called as retropubic or prevesical space:

Hemorrhagic cyst is a functional cyst:

Broad ligaments hold the uterus forward:

All of the following are reasons for High hCG levels except:

All are Tripple screen hormones used to check for chromosomal abnormalities except:

The reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal IVC describes:

The quadruple screen includes an analysis of all the following except:

Typically with Gastroschisis the AFP value will be:

What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead?

A patient has a history of endometriosis and presents with sudden onset of LLQ pain. The  βhCG is pending and  her LMP was 2 ½ weeks ago. The sonographer identifies a 4 cm adnexal mass with low level echoes & posterior acoustic enhancement. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The diagnosis of placenta previa is most accurately made:

What occurs when there is fetal demise and the gestational parts remain in utero?

On color Doppler U/S. most malignant ovarian tumors yield flow signals that are best characterized as:

The cavum septum pellucidi is observed in front of the:

A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnant patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestation sac. The gestation sac contained a 6-week single live intrauterine pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

All the statements about broad ligament are true except:

A patient presents with a dilated cervical os and an irregular shaped gestational sac in the lower uterine segment. This is most likely a:

the nonfunctional layer of the endometrium is the:

ALL ARE SIGN OF SEPTIC ABORTION EXCEPT?

Which of the following is not a potential cause of PID is?

The most dependent recess in the body is the:

A patient presents with cramping and heavy vaginally bleeding with clots, and is 8 weeks pregnant.  what is the most likely differential diagnosis?

The vagina may be partially / completely absent or obstructed by a membrane in early development, this may result in the following.

What is a typical Doppler waveform pattern for trophoblastic flow?

The decidual reaction that changes in the endometrium opposite the site of implantation is:

The velamentous placenta refers to a/an:

Prolong severe oligohydramniosis most likelyto leadto which of the following condition?

Because of the low density of brain tissue, the texture of the brain may appear:

The amount of amniotic fluid is regulated by all except which of the following?

SUPINE HYPOVOLUMIC SYNDROME CAUSES ALL EXCEPT:

Oligohydramnios is associated with all except which of the following?

THE CM APPEARS ON U/S WHEN THE FETUS IS SUPINE POSITION, AS AN

Which of the following is a cystic lesion of the umbilical cord caused by persistent dilation of the omphalomesenteric duct, most commonly affects females and is associated with Meckel diverticulum?

What is the most common cord entanglement in the fetus, it is associated with a long cord?

A battledore placenta is?

A Velamentous insertion refers to?

Amniotic band syndrome consists of?

A growth restricted fetus will show a doppler pattern in the umbilical cord that is?

When placental tissue is seen to extend beyond the external uterine wall into the bladder this condition is?

Causes of polyhydramnios include all of the following:

All of the following statements regarding hydatidiform mole are true except:

The following are causes of infertility among couples except:

Meigs syndrome is associated with what ovarian tumor?

The largest part of the uterus is the:

2nd and 3rd trimester are also known as:

After 1^st trimester hCG is a hormone produced by the:

A succenturiate placenta is a:

All of the following are characteristics of a grade 3 placenta except

True or False: The placenta is hyperechoic to the myometrium

The most common tumor of the placenta is the:

The term fetus papyraceus refers to a condition where the fetus;

A 30 year old gravid patient, 32 weeks by date, now presents with painless vaginal bleeding that has lasted for 5 days. The first condition to rule out by sonography is:

Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be found in the fetus of a diabetic mother?

The presence of hypertension in the 2nd or 3rd trimester is NOT LIKELY to increase the risk of:

Generalized swelling and edema of skin throughout the body is termed:

True or False: Varix of the umbilical vein is a focal dilation of the vein nearly always intraabdominal but extrahepatic in location.

Sonohysterography is a common procedure used to determine some causes of infertility, including: