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WorksheetsCBNS 106 Practice Midterm -Summer 2025
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
Which part of a neuron is responsible for integrating signals and initiating an action potential?
Dendrites
Axon hillock
Axon terminals
Nodes of Ranvier
Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the CNS?
Astrocytes
Schwann cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Why is the white matter of the brain white?
Higher neuron density
Contains myelinated axons
Reflects light differently
More glial cells
What primarily drives the movement of ions across the membrane?
Ion concentration alone
Electrical potential alone
Electrochemical gradient
ATP levels
Which equation considers the membrane’s relative permeability to calculate membrane potential?
Ohm’s law
Nernst equation
Goldman equation
Fick’s law
What is the role of ion pumps in neurons?
Allow ions to diffuse freely
Move ions down the concentration gradient
Move ions against gradient using metabolic energy
Block ion movement entirely
What does the equilibrium potential represent?
Electrical potential that initiates action potentials
Electrical potential difference that exactly balances ionic concentration gradient
Electrical field strength across the membrane
Difference in membrane thickness
Why does the postsynaptic cell become hyperpolarized when Cl⁻-permeable channels open?
Due to Na⁺ influx
Because Cl⁻ equilibrium potential is negative
Because Cl⁻ channels depolarize the cell
Due to increased calcium levels
Which of the following helps clear neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?
Diffusion
Reuptake
Enzymatic destruction
All the above
What is membrane resistance?
Resistance to ion flow through dendrites
Resistance to current across the membrane
Resistance at the axon hillock
Resistance to neurotransmitter binding
How can several weak postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) trigger an action potential?
Through simultaneous occurrence of several PSPs
By reducing membrane resistance
Via increased neurotransmitter synthesis
By blocking potassium channels
Where does signal amplification occur in G-protein coupled receptor signaling?
Only at receptor activation
Only at adenylyl cyclase activation
At several stages of the cascade
Only at GTP binding
Which enzyme is a marker for GABAergic inhibitory interneurons?
Dopa decarboxylase
Glycine decarboxylase
Glutamate decarboxylase
GABA decarboxylase
Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Do G-proteins stimulate or inhibit effector proteins?
Only stimulate
Only inhibit
Neither stimulate nor inhibit
May either stimulate or inhibit
What type of receptor is involved in fast synaptic transmission?
GPCR
Ionotropic
Metabotropic
Tyrosine kinase
What triggers vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release at synapses?
Na+ influx
Ca2+ influx
K+ efflux
Cl- influx
What type of summation involves PSPs from different synapses?
Temporal
Axonal
Spatial
Facilitation
Which neurotransmitter receptor is linked to muscle paralysis when blocked?
Muscarinic
GABA-A
Nicotinic
Serotonin
Which neurotransmitter is targeted by antidepressants like SSRIs?
GABA
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Which condition is caused by demyelination in the CNS?
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a single ion?
Goldman
Bernoulli
Nernst
Ohm
Where are voltage-gated Na+ channels concentrated in myelinated axons?
Dendrites
Axon hillock
Nodes of Ranvier
Axon terminals
Which ion primarily determines the resting membrane potential?
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-
K+
What property allows ions to move passively through membrane channels?
Ion identity
Electrochemical gradient
ATP levels
Channel phosphorylation
What is the functional zone of axon terminals?
Input zone
Conduction zone
Output zone
Integration zone
What type of neurotransmitter receptors are GPCRs?
Ionotropic
Ligand-gated
Metabotropic
Electrical
What do Schwann cells do?
Myelinate axons in CNS
Myelinate axons in PNS
Act as brain immune cells
Buffer potassium in CNS
Which glial cell is primarily involved in phagocytosis in the CNS?
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Microglia
Schwann cell
Which neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory is dysregulated by ketamine via NMDA receptor antagonism?
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Glutamate
