• Carotid arteries and branches

• Circle of Willis and Ophthalmic arteries

Brachiocephalic artery, Left Carotid artery, Left Subclavian artery

(a)  

Right Subclavian artery and Right Carotid artery

(a)  

BRACHIOCEPHALIC artery is also called:

(a)  

Both Vertebral Arteries are branching from (a)  

main branch of cerebrovascular circulation

(a)  

CCA branches into ICA ad ECA at the level of the (a)   cartilage

The common carotid artery Courses in the (a)   aspect of neck, lateral to trachea, esophagus, larynx, and pharynx

The common carotid artery bifurcates into __ and __

(a)  

• (a)   supplies Circle of Willis and an eye via Ophthalmic artery

• Posterolateral branch of CCA

• Ophthalmic artery is an important (a)   pathway in cases of ICA occlusion

• ICA terminates at (a)   of MCA, ACA and PCA of the Circle of Willis (lateral aspect of the COW)

1. segment C1 - runs from above the carotid bulb through the neck to the base of the skull;

1. segment C2 - runs within the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

1. segment C3 - runs through the cavernous sinus

1. segment C4 - runs above the clinoid process through the dura into the subarachnoid space

• branch of the CCA

• 20% of the carotid's blood supplies the face and neck via the:

• Supplies blood to the tissues of the face and scalp

is the first branch of the ECA

(a)  

Ascending pharyngeal artery is a cervical branch of the (a)  

S

(a)  

L

(a)  

F

(a)  

M

(a)  

ST

(a)  

P

(a)  

O

(a)  

A

(a)  

Ascending pharyngeal artery, Lingual artery, Facial artery, Occipital artery, Posterior auricular artery, Maxillary artery (External & Internal), Superficial temporal artery- continuation of the ECA

(a)  

The ICA, the ECA, and some of their main branches

(a)  

The RT and LT vertebral arteries => the Basilar artery =>

the Posterior Cerebral arteries forming part of the (a)  

• the first branch of the Subclavian artery

• Courses superiorly via the spinal column; runs through Foramen Magnum to form Basilar Artery (vertebrobasilar system, posterior portion of the COW)

(a)   portion of the vertebral artery begins as it pierces dura and arachnoid immediately below base of skull at Foramen Magnum

Continues anterior and medial to anterior surface of medulla and unites with contralateral vertebral artery to form basilar artery

(a)  

formed by union of two Vertebral arteries; is evaluated during TCD imaging

(a)  

Variable in pathway, size, length

(a)  

Usually originates at lower border of pons, extends anteriorly and superiorly, and terminates by dividing into paired posterior cerebral arteries

(a)  

Gives off several branches, including anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, internal auditory (labyrinthine) arteries, pontine branches, and superior cerebellar arteries just proximal to posterior cerebral arteries

(a)  

A

(a)  

B

(a)  

C

(a)  

D

(a)  

Anechoic lumen

Thin, hyperechoic walls

(a)  

(a)   arteries course through fossae of transverse vertebral processes

A

(a)  

B

(a)  

A

(a)  

B

(a)  

C

(a)  

• Origin of the ICA is slightly dilated; hence, the term the (a)   or carotid sinus

• Bulb may encompass the most (a)   segment of the CC

• Most common site for the plaque formation

• A circulatory anastomosis of arteries(polygon vascular ring)at the base of the brain

• Provides a redundant blood supply to the brain

The circle of willis connects the __ and __systems, ensuring continuous blood flow even if one artery is blocked.

(a)  

• Permits communication between right and left cerebral hemispheres and between anterior and posterior systems

• These communications are important when there is significant disease or occlusion of one of major cervical arteries

1

(a)  

2

(a)  

3

(a)  

4

(a)  

5

(a)  

6

(a)  

7

(a)  

8

(a)  

9

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10

(a)  

• Comprises the arteries of Circle of Willis

• Anterior Communicating (ACoA)

• Anterior Cerebral (ACA) x 2

• Supraclinoid segment of ICA x 2

• Posterior communicating (PCoA) x 2

• Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) x 2

MCA is the (a)   terminal branch of ICA.

• From its origin, the MCA extends __ and __ in lateral cerebral fissure

• Horizontal segment may course downward or upward

• It should be noted that although the MCA is always included in a noninvasive transcranial evaluation (TCD imaging), anatomically it (a)   lie within the circle of Willis

Is the smaller of two terminal branches of ICA

(a)  

Is midline a marker

(a)  

From its origin, ACA courses (a)   over optic chiasm and optic nerve to interhemispheric fissure.

is short vessel that connects Anterior Cerebral arteries (segment A1) at interhemispheric fissure.

(a)  

May be absent or may be single, duplicated, or multichanneled system

(a)  

• originate from the terminal bifurcation of the Basilar artery and as they emerge, they course anteriorly and then laterally around the midbrain.

• Many perforating branches that supply brainstem and thalamus originate from this segment

Courses posteriorly and medially from ICA to join Posterior Cerebral artery.

(a)  

Variable in size and may angle upward or downward • Hypoplasia common PCoA anomaly

(a)  

A

(a)  

B

(a)  

C

(a)  

A

(a)  

B

(a)  

C

(a)  

1

(a)  

2

(a)  

3

(a)  

4

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5

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6

(a)  

7

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8

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9

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10

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11

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12

(a)