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Marketing Concepts Quiz

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Due in a large part to advances in technology, ________ is a major trend whereby product and service producers are bypassing intermediaries and going directly to final buyers, or radically new types of channel intermediaries are emerging to displace traditional ones.

a)

the vertical marketing system

b)

the corporate marketing system

c)

disintermediation

d)

the corporate merger

e)

the hostile takeover

2.

You want to observe how often consumers listen to music throughout their day and what different audio devices they use. You are also interested in how consumers store and access their own music collections. You should conduct _______ research.

a)

Causal

b)

Experimental

c)

Secondary

d)

Exploratory

3.

The six buyer-readiness stages include all of the following EXCEPT

a)

awareness

b)

knowledge

c)

conviction

d)

hesitation

4.

A(n) ________ is defined as any group that has an actual or potential interest in, or impact on, an organization's ability to achieve its objectives.

a)

team

b)

competitor

c)

market

d)

public

e)

intermediary

5.

Which product classification is typically purchased frequently, immediately, and with minimal buying effort?

a)

Unsought Product

b)

Convenience Product

c)

Shopping Product

d)

Specialty Product

6.

Which of the following marketing management concepts is most likely to lead to marketing myopia?

a)

customer-driven marketing

b)

customer-driving marketing

c)

societal marketing

d)

marketing

e)

product

7.

A salesperson should seek out, clarify, and overcome any customer objections during the sales presentation in order to ________.

a)

offer the buyer a discount for placing an order

b)

minimize the buyer's concerns about the product

c)

compliment the buyer for mentioning the objections

d)

turn the objections into reasons for buying

e)

turn the objections into an opportunity for humor

8.

Analyze how economic factors can impact a company's marketing strategy.

a)

Economic factors always have a positive impact.

b)

Companies need to adjust pricing and promotional strategies based on economic conditions.

c)

Economic factors are irrelevant to marketing decisions.

d)

Only small businesses are affected by economic factors.

9.

Critically assess how a major shift in technological forces could impact a company's competitive position.

a)

It will have no impact on the company's competitive position.

b)

It could provide opportunities for innovation and new product development, enhancing competitive position.

c)

It will always negatively impact the company's competitive position.

d)

Technological shifts only affect manufacturing processes.

10.

Which of the following represents the most significant risk to companies using a mass-marketing approach?

a)

They may not realize economies of scale.

b)

They may overemphasize the benefits of customized products.

c)

They may lose customers to niche marketers.

d)

They may lose customers who feel that mass marketers are invading their privacy.

11.

Which form of data below can usually be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than the others?

a)

primary

b)

survey research

c)

experimental research

d)

secondary

e)

observational research

12.

An e-mail from Amazon.com offers free shipping on your next purchase of more than $35. This is an example of __________.

a)

sales promotion

b)

personal selling

c)

public relations

d)

an advertising objective

e)

a push strategy

13.

What type of pricing is being used when a company temporarily prices its product below the list price or even below cost to create buying excitement and urgency?

a)

segmented pricing

b)

psychological pricing

c)

referent pricing

d)

promotional pricing

e)

basing-point pricing

14.

The societal marketing concept seeks to establish a balance between consumer short-run wants and consumer __________.

a)

short-run costs and profits

b)

short-run ethics

c)

long-run welfare

d)

immediate health

e)

value propositions

15.

Products that consumers either do not know about or know about but do not normally consider buying are called:

a)

Unsought Product

b)

Specialty Product

c)

Shopping Product

d)

Convenience Product

16.

Which of the following is an example of a consumer product?

a)

A raw material used in the production of another product.

b)

A computer purchased by a company for its employees-

c)

A car purchased by a family for personal use.

d)

A piece of industrial equipment used in a manufacturing process.

17.

A toothpaste manufacturer believes its most likely customers are parents of young children who value a brand with a kid-friendly taste and texture. The company's segmentation is probably based on:

a)

psychographics

b)

a combination of demographics and psychographics

c)

behavioral characteristics

d)

a combination of demographics and benefits sought

18.

When a company uses data from existing market research reports, it is using:

a)

Primary data

b)

Secondary data

c)

Qualitative data

d)

Experimental data

19.

If a business does not focus on market segmentation in its marketing strategy, it is called:

a)

Mass Marketing

b)

Product Marketing

c)

Target Marketing

d)

All of the above sentences are wrong

20.

Ethnographic research .............

a)

comes from traditional focus groups

b)

is gathered where people live and work

c)

provides secondary data

d)

is most popular in the service sector

e)

provides data to marketers when observation is impossible

21.

What type of positioning is it to meet the product features and benefits of the target customers?

a)

Based on Product Features

b)

Through Custc ner Images

c)

According to Competitors

d)

According to Quality/Price

22.

Which of the following is NOT a major category in a company's promotion mix?

a)

sales promotion

b)

strategic positioning

c)

direct marketing

d)

public relations

e)

Advertising

23.

A business that implements a single marketing mix for the entire market is a strategy of:

a)

Differentiated Marketing

b)

Undifferentiated Marketing

c)

Concentrated Marketing

d)

Mixed Marketing

24.

News conferences, press tours, and grand openings are examples of.......... , a type of tool commonly used by public relations professionals.

a)

public service activities

b)

special events

c)

social networking

d)

development

e)

investor relations

25.

When Taco Bell used a Chihuahua, 3 small dog, to represent its product, which type of execution style is being used?

a)

mood or image

b)

fantasy

c)

personality symbol

d)

technical expertise

e)

musical

26.

Manufacturers may offer a(n)......... in retum for the retailer's agreement to feature the manufacturer's products in advertising or display.

a)

POP promotion

b)

allowance

c)

incentive promotion

d)

price pack

e)

premium

27.

The distinction between a consumer product and an industrial product is primarily based on:

a)

The physical characteristics of the product

b)

The price of the product

c)

The purpose for which the product is purchased

d)

The distribution channels used to sell the product

28.

Advertising has some shortcomings. What is NOT one of them?

a)

It is impersonal.

b)

It can be very costly.

c)

It slowly reaches many people.

d)

It carries on one-way communication with the audience.

e)

It does not make audience members feel the need to respond.

29.

Developing an effective message strategy begins with identifying......... that can be used as advertising appeals.

a)

consumer trends

b)

competitors' weaknesses

c)

competitors' strengths

d)

customer benefits

e)

consumer emotions

30.

Companies are increasingly moving away from high commission compensation plans because such plans often lead to salespeople .

a)

undermining the work of the inside sales team

b)

ignoring management and marketing objectives

c)

being too pushy and harming customer relationships

d)

working multiple sales jobs to maximize their income

e)

spending too much time traveling between customers

31.

Happy Pet is a large petfood company that sells its products to retail pet supply stores as well as wholesalers. The sales force at Happy Pet is LEAST likely to do which of the following?

a)

work directly with final customers

b)

build relationships with wholesalers

c)

help retailers effectively sell the company's products

d)

communicate regularly with business customers

e)

represent wholesalers and retailers to the company

32.

Apple lnc. is going to organize product launch event for iPhone 16 on September 2024. Which stage of new product development for iPhone 16 in this event

a)

Business analysis

b)

Test market

c)

Commercialization

d)

Product concept development

33.

Choosing some suitable market segments to target is called:

a)

Market specialization

b)

Selective specialization

c)

Specialization by product

d)

Focus on one market segment to sell one type of product

34.

Highlands Coffee, a popular coffee chain in Vietnam, expanded its menu to include a variety of food items like sandwiches and pastries, in addition to its core coffee offerings. This strategy can be best described as:

a)

Product line stretching

b)

Product line filling

c)

Brand extension

d)

Co-branding

35.

FOB-origin pricing is a type of...

a)

Dynamic pricing

b)

Zone pricing

c)

International pricing

d)

Geographical pricing

36.

Vietjet Air, a Vietnamese low-cost airline, focuses on offering affordable fares and a no-frills flying experience. The airline's emphasis on cost efficiency and streamlined processes reflects its focus on managing:

a)

Service differentiation

b)

Service quality

c)

Service productivity

d)

Brand equity

37.

Firms CANNOT create:

a)

consumer segments

b)

segmentation strategies

c)

consumer targets

d)

positioning strategies

38.

Which of the following best describes the practice of value selling?

a)

earning business from customers based on low prices

b)

delivering superior customer value and capturing a fair return on that value

c)

closing deals quickly to meet team sales quotas

d)

gaining short-term sales that increase annual sales volume

e)

challenging customers to find better deals for products and services

39.

________ involves attaching features and services to differentiate a company's offers and to support charging higher prices.

a)

Break-even pricing

b)

Target pricing

c)

Value-added pricing

d)

Cost-plus pricing

e)

Pricing-down

40.

The product level that offers additional consumer services and benefits is:

a)

Potential Product

b)

Augmented Product

c)

Actual Product

d)

Core Benefit

41.

In general, marketers must weigh carefully the costs of additional information against the ________ resulting from it.

a)

organization

b)

benefits

c)

creativity

d)

ethical issues

e)

costs

42.

A radio station that carries news, features, and editorial opinions about your area is which type of public?

a)

financial

b)

media

c)

citizen-action

d)

general

e)

government

43.

When marketers set low expectations for a market offering, the biggest risk they run is _________.

a)

disappointing loyal customers

b)

decreasing customer satisfaction

c)

failing to attract enough customers

d)

failing to understand their customers' needs

e)

incorrectly identifying a target market

44.

Customer-perceived value is determined by a customer's __________ of the benefits and costs of a market offering relative to those of competing offers.

a)

personal assessment

b)

rational expectations

c)

accurate assessment

d)

objective evaluation

e)

emotional understanding

45.

You are an assistant marketing director for a firm in a market with many low-margin customers. What type of relationship would be most profitable for you to develop with these customers?

a)

full partnerships

b)

basic relationships

c)

basic partnerships

d)

club programs

e)

selective relationships

46.

All of the following are types of price-adjustment strategies EXCEPT________________

a)

Segmented pricing

b)

Promotional pricing

c)

Dynamic pricing

d)

Break-even pricing

47.

Which of the following strategies are NOT suitable strategies in the decline stage?

a)

Maintain the product

b)

Harvest the product

c)

Drop the product

d)

Advertising for the product

48.

All of the following are characteristics to be effective for segmented pricing strategy EXCEPT ________________

a)

Segments must show different degrees of demand

b)

Must be legal

c)

Watching the market cannot exceed the extra revenue obtained from the price difference

d)

High income segment accepted

49.

All of the following are problems associated with the poor selection of salespeople EXCEPT ________.

a)

Lower sales

b)

Costly turnover

c)

Less productivity

d)

Less office support

e)

Disrupted customer relationships

50.

All of the following are types of promotional pricing EXCEPT_____________

a)

Loss leaders

b)

Special event pricing

c)

Credit card payment accepted

d)

Return back free

51.

Vietnam Airlines' passenger transport product positioning is based on:

a)

Price

b)

Level of service provided to customers

c)

A & B are correct answers

d)

None of these

52.

Based on this information, which of the following segmentation variables is Rockwell most likely to utilize?

a)

Geographic

b)

Firmographic

c)

Buying approach

d)

Psychographic

53.

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for effective market segmentation?

a)

Measurable

b)

Accessible

c)

Innovative

d)

Actionable

54.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a service?

a)

Intangibility

b)

Inseparability

c)

Variability

d)

Tangibility

55.

The Vietnamese government launched a campaign called "Live Fully in Vietnam" (Sống trọn vẹn ở Việt Nam) to promote the country's tourism and culture. This is an example of:

a)

Person marketing

b)

Organization marketing

c)

Place marketing

d)

Social marketing

56.

A example of a(n) ___________ is a five-foot-high cardboard display of Andy an Lily next to Comfort fabric conditioner bottle.

a)

sample

b)

POP promotion

c)

POP pack

d)

advertising specialty

e)

premium

57.

All of the following are considered advantages of a territorial sales force structure EXCEPT ______________

a)

travel expenses can be minimized

b)

each salesperson's job is clearly defined

c)

accountability is clearly defined for each salesperson

d)

salespeople develop in-depth knowledge of a product line

e)

salespeople have the opportunity and incentive to build strong relationships with customers

58.

All of the following are basic types of compensation plan for salespeople EXCEPT _________

a)

straight commission

b)

straight salary

c)

salary plus commission

d)

commission plus bonus

e)

salary plus bonus

59.

Salespeople should be trained to recognize __________ signals from the buyer, which can include physical actions such as leaning forward and nodding or asking questions about prices and credit terms.

a)

qualifying

b)

approach

c)

objection

d)

closing

e)

follow-up

60.

Some advertisers use edgy humor in their advertisements in order to break through the commercial clutter. This is an example of an advertisement's ___________

a)

format

b)

execution style

c)

tone

d)

image

e)

message strategy

61.

All of the following are strategies a marketer would use to lead consumers into making the final step toward a purchase EXCEPT which one?

a)

offer special promotional prices

b)

offer add-on features

c)

offer premiums

d)

use extensive "teaser" advertising

e)

offer rebates

62.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the changes occurring in today's marketing communications?

a)

Mass markets have fragmented, and marketers are shifting away from mass marketing.

b)

Improvements in communication technologies are changing how companies and customers communicate with each other.

c)

Companies routinely invest millions of dollars in the mass media.

d)

Mass media no longer capture the majority of promotional budgets.

e)

Today's consumers are better informed about products and services.

63.

_________conflict, which occurs between different levels of the same channel, is more common than ___________conflict, which occurs among firms at the same level of the channel.

a)

Horizontal; vertical

b)

Vertical; horizontal

c)

Contractual; corporate

d)

Corporate; franchise

e)

Wholesaler; retailer

64.

Durango China Company charges all customers within different identified geographical areas a single total price. The more distant the area, the higher the price. This is____________

a)

freight-absorption pricing

b)

zone pricing

c)

uniform-delivered pricing

d)

FOB-origin pricing

e)

bulk rate pricing

65.

Companies usually develop rather than

a)

single products; product families

b)

product lines; single products

c)

product families; product lines

d)

product brands; product images

e)

product images; product brands

66.

Value-based pricing is based on the customer's perception of:

a)

The Product's Quality

b)

The Product's Cost

c)

The Competitor's Price

d)

The Product's Value

67.

Which of the following is the best example of a specialty product?

a)

A can of Coca Cola

b)

A pair of Lei's jeans

c)

A Rolex watch

d)

A 4K OLED TV

68.

Which of the following is a stage in the buyer decision process?

a)

Need recognition

b)

Market segmentation

c)

Product positioning

d)

Brand equity

69.

How do environmental factors such as economic conditions influence business buyer behavior?

a)

They have no effect on purchasing decisions.

b)

They can affect budget allocations and purchasing priorities.

c)

They only impact small businesses.

d)

They primarily influence consumer markets, not business markets.

70.

A supplier who provides customized solutions to a business customer based on specific requirements is engaging in:

a)

Product standardization

b)

Product differentiation

c)

Systems selling

d)

Market penetration

71.

Which type of costs below are NOT the fixed cost (Choose all that apply):

a)

Real estate rental fee

b)

Packaging

c)

Product material

d)

Transportation fee

72.

A business buyer decides to purchase a new type of software after consulting with multiple departments and stakeholders. This decision process is known as:

a)

Systems selling

b)

New-task buying

c)

Influencer marketing

d)

Group buying

73.

Analyze the role of a buying center in the business buying process.

4 lines
74.

Analyze the role of a buying center in the business buying process.

a)

It consists of a single person making all purchasing decisions.

b)

It includes all individuals and units involved in the purchasing decision.

c)

It focuses only on approving final purchases.

d)

It has no significant impact on the buying process.

75.

The stage in the new product development process where potential products are evaluated against a set of company criteria to eliminate poor ideas is:

a)

Business Analysis

b)

Idea Generation

c)

Idea Screening

d)

Concept Development And Testing

76.

What elements are not included in the Augmented Product?

a)

Delivery & credit

b)

Design

c)

Warranty

d)

After-sale services

77.

The ________ environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns.

a)

cultural

b)

political

c)

technological

d)

economic

e)

natural

78.

The first stage in the new product development process is:

a)

Business Analysis

b)

Idea Screening

c)

Idea Generation

d)

Concept Development and Testing

79.

Which product level adds customer value by offering additional services and benefits?

a)

Potential Product

b)

Core Product

c)

Actual Product

d)

Augmented Product

80.

Determining the position of a competitive product is which step in the positioning process?

a)

First

b)

Second

c)

Third

d)

Fourth

81.

Market segmentation helps:

a)

Select the target field

b)

Meet the highest customer needs

c)

Allocate resources effectively

d)

All of the above effects

82.

A small-scale, low-capacity business that sells a new product in a heterogeneous market should choose:

a)

Differentiated Marketing Strategy

b)

Undifferentiated Marketing Strategy

c)

Concentrated Marketing Strategy

d)

Product Development Strategy

83.

Critically assess the impact of technological advancements on business buying behavior.

a)

They have no significant impact.

b)

They can streamline purchasing processes and improve decision-making.

c)

They only affect consumer buying behavior.

d)

They increase costs and complicate the buying process.

84.

Evaluate the impact of cultural factors on consumer buying behavior in international markets.

a)

Cultural factors have no impact on consumer behavior.

b)

Understanding cultural differences is crucial for tailoring marketing strategies.

c)

Cultural factors only affect pricing decisions.

d)

Cultural factors are the same across all countries.

85.

What criteria should a company use to evaluate the performance of its suppliers?

a)

Price and delivery speed

b)

Product variety and advertising spend

c)

Relationship with competitors and market share

d)

Sales volume and brand recognition

86.

What criteria should a company use to assess the effectiveness of its marketing strategies in influencing consumer behavior?

a)

Sales volume and market share

b)

Brand awareness and customer loyalty

c)

Advertising spend and distribution coverage

d)

Product features and pricing

87.

How do psychological factors like perception and motivation affect consumer behavior?

a)

They have minimal impact compared to economic factors.

b)

They primarily influence the final purchase decision.

c)

They shape how consumers interpret information and what drives them to buy.

d)

They only affect first-time buyers.

88.

Evaluate the importance of building long-term relationships with suppliers in business markets.

a)

It is unimportant as business transactions are typically one-time events.

b)

It can lead to improved efficiency, cost savings, and collaboration.

c)

It only matters for large multinational companies.

d)

It increases the complexity of the purchasing process.

89.

A company repurchases raw materials to manufacture its products. This type of buying is an example of:

a)

New-task buying

b)

Modified rebuy

c)

Straight rebuy

d)

Systems selling

90.

Customer perceptions of a product's value set the ________ for prices.

a)

Range

b)

Floor

c)

Ceiling

d)

Target

91.

Which of the following best defines a business market?

a)

A market where businesses sell products to end consumers

b)

A market where businesses sell products and services to other businesses

c)

A market focused on retail sales

d)

A market driven by individual customer preferences

92.

Critically assess the role of post-purchase behavior in the buyer decision process.

a)

It has no significant impact on future buying decisions.

b)

Positive post-purchase experiences can lead to customer loyalty and repeat purchases.

c)

It only affects high-involvement purchases.

d)

It is irrelevant for convenience products.

93.

In the context of consumer behavior, what does the term "cognitivedissonance" refer to?

a)

The initial attraction to a product

b)

The discomfort a consumer feels after making a difficult purchase decision

c)

The process of evaluating product alternatives

d)

The influence of family and friends on buying behavior

94.

A company targets its marketing efforts toward young professionals who value innovative technology. This is an example of:

a)

Market segmentation

b)

Product differentiation

c)

Mass marketing

d)

Market penetration

95.

Analyze how social factors such as family and reference groups can influence consumer buying behavior.

a)

They have no significant impact on buying decisions.

b)

They only affect the purchasing decisions of teenagers.

c)

They can significantly shape preferences and purchase decisions.

d)

They only matter for high-involvement purchases.

96.

In marketing research, managers often start with _______ research and later follow with _______ research.

a)

exploratory; descriptive or causal

b)

descriptive; secondary or commercial

c)

descriptive; exploratory or secondary

d)

causal; descriptive or exploratory

e)

causal; exploratory or secondary

97.

Walmart sends a trained observer to watch and interact with customers as they shop in a Walmart store. This is an example of

a)

secondary research

b)

survey research

c)

ethnographic research

d)

experimental research

e)

descriptive research

98.

A church targeting different demographic groups to increase attendance is an example of __________.

a)

for-profit marketing

b)

not-for-profit marketing

c)

societal marketing

d)

customer evangelism

e)

caring capitalism

99.

Increase attendance is an example of __________.

a)

for-profit marketing

b)

not-for-profit marketing

c)

societal marketing

d)

customer evangelism

e)

caring capitalism

100.

Your marketing department is currently researching the size, density, location, age, and occupations of your target market. Which environment is being researched?

a)

demographic

b)

psychographic

c)

economic

d)

geographic

e)

cultural

101.

You have an upset stomach. Your mother rushes to the corner convenience store for a bottle of Pepto-Bismol. This product is a(n) ________ product.

a)

Convenience

b)

Unsought

c)

Specialty

d)

Shopping

e)

Augmented

102.

Chewing gum is stocked in many outlets in the same market or community; in fact, it is placed in as many outlets as possible. This is an example of ________ distribution.

a)

Exclusive

b)

Selective

c)

Multichannel

d)

Intensive

e)

Disintermediated

103.

A group of business entrepreneurs who worried about their teenage children drinking and driving decided there must be some way to approach this problem proactively. They came up with an idea for a pair of blurry goggles. They believed looking through the goggles would simulate what the world looks like when someone is seriously intoxicated. The first crude pair of blurry goggles developed by the entrepreneurs to show to prospective customers was ________.

a)

a prototype

b)

a component part

c)

a synergistic model

d)

a product image

e)

a product idea

104.

A buyer's decisions are influenced by _______ such as the buyer's age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and personality and self-concept.

a)

Personal characteristics

b)

Reference groups

c)

Perceptions

d)

Attitudes

e)

Psychographics

105.

_______ is defined as the use of commercial marketing concepts and tools in programs designed to influence individuals' behavior to improve their well-being and that of society.

a)

Unsought product marketing

b)

Internal marketing

c)

Social marketing

d)

Product line

e)

Interactive marketing

106.

Which of the following is the final stage in the new product adoption process?

a)

Awareness

b)

Adoption

c)

Evaluation

d)

Acceptance

e)

Trial

107.

Which of the following is a specific criterion for segmenting consumer markets, personality or preferences?

a)

Geography

b)

Demographic

c)

Psychology

d)

Behavior

108.

Which of the following is an objective of informative advertising?

a)

Build brand preference

b)

Change customer perceptions of brand value

c)

Encourage customers to switch brands

d)

Suggest new uses for a product

e)

Keep brand in customer minds during off-seasons

109.

The natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities are referred to as the _______.

a)

Raw material market

b)

Natural environment

c)

Endangered environment

d)

Green movement

e)

Factors of production

110.

When consumers cannot judge quality because they lack the information or skill, price becomes _______.

a)

Less important

b)

Insignificant

c)

An important quality signal

d)

The only driver of the purchase

e)

Negotiable

111.

At Finley's Fine Goods, members of the sales force and marketing department tend to have disagreements when things go wrong with a customer. The marketers blame the salespeople for poorly executing their strategies, while the salespeople blame the marketers for being out of touch with the customer. Which of the following steps should upper-level management at Finley's Fine Goods take to help bring the sales and marketing functions closer together?

a)

establish a customer sales force structure

b)

establish a complex sales force structure

c)

appoint a new sales force manager

d)

appoint a marketing executive to oversee both marketing and sales

112.

Sally purchased Brand X lotion. In comparing her perception of how the lotion made her skin feel and look to her expectations for Brand X lotion, Sally was measuring her level of _______.

a)

Share of customers

b)

Customer satisfaction

c)

Customer equity

d)

Demand

e)

Customer lifetime value

113.

Shampoo marketers rate buyers as light, medium, or heavy product users. This is ________ segmentation.

a)

Benefit

b)

User status

c)

Usage rate

d)

Psychographic

e)

Occasions

114.

A test market is:

a)

The process of introducing a new product into the market.

b)

A small group of consumers who provide feedback on a product concept.

c)

A geographic area selected to test the marketing program for a new product.

d)

A detailed version of the new product idea stated in meaningful consumer terms.

115.

A detailed version of the new product idea stated in meaningful consumer terms is called a:

a)

Product idea

b)

Product concept

c)

Product image

d)

Product proposal

e)

Product movement

116.

Stephanie and Jamal attended a sales seminar. Both left the seminar with differing opinions about what was important to implement in their jobs. Both used the information in different ways, according to what each already believed was important. They have engaged in _______.

a)

Selective distortion

b)

Selective attitude

c)

Selective retention

d)

Selective attention

e)

Perceptual defense

117.

With ________, price is set to match consumers' perceptions of product value.

a)

Variable cost pricing

b)

Cost-plus pricing

c)

Cost-based pricing

d)

Value-based pricing

e)

Everyday low pricing

118.

Which of the following forces would marketers be MOST likely able to influence?

a)

Geographic population shifts

b)

Core cultural values

c)

Increasing ethnic diversity

d)

Media publics

e)

Income distribution

119.

Despite the data glut that marketing managers receive, they are most likely to complain that they lack which of the following?

a)

Enough information of the right kind

b)

Secondary information

c)

Timely information

d)

Searchable information

e)

Primary information

120.

1.     Flurrbies, a brand of winter accessories that fell in and out of favorability with customers quickly, is an example of a _______.

a)

.    Style

b)

Fashion

c)

    Fad

d)

    Product idea

e)

strategy