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WorksheetsAdvanced Statistics
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins
Analyzes three or more independent groups assuming normality.
A non-parametric test alternative to One-Way ANOVA.
Used when the same subjects are measured under three or more conditions.
A non-parametric test for repeated measures design.
Requires homogeneity of variances and independence of observations.
It measures linear correlation between two continuous variables.
Sensitive to outliers and requires interval or ratio scale variables.
Examines association between two ordinal variables with tied ranks.
Tests the relationship between two categorical variables in a contingency table.
A non-parametric test for ranked data, used when assumptions of Pearson's r are violated.
One-Way ANOVA: Parametric :: Kruskal-Wallis: (a)
Repeated Measures ANOVA: Dependent Samples :: One-Way ANOVA: __________________
Friedman Test: Repeated Measures ANOVA :: Kruskal-Wallis: (a)
p-value < 0.05: Significant :: p-value > 0.05: (a)
ANOVA: Mean :: Kruskal-Wallis: (a)
Pearson's r: Interval Data :: Spearman Rank: (a)
Chi-square: Expected Cell Frequency ≥ 5 :: Pearson's r: __________________
Pearson's r: Linearity :: Spearman Rank: (a)
Chi-square Test: Categorical Data :: Pearson's r: (a)
No Correlation: 0 :: Perfect Positive Correlation: (a)
Which of the following assumptions is required for One-Way ANOVA?
Normality
Small sample size
Homogeneity of medians
Ranked data
When is the Repeated Measures ANOVA MOST appropriate?
When comparing three unrelated groups.
When data is nominal.
When comparing two groups only.
When comparing three or more conditions for the same subjects.
Which test uses ranked data to compare more than two related groups?
One-Way ANOVA
Friedman Test
Kruskal-Wallis
Repeated Measures ANOVA
Which of the following is NOT a non-parametric test?
Friedman Test
Repeated Measures ANOVA
Kruskal-Wallis
Mann-Whitney U Test
If the p-value from a One-Way ANOVA is 0.03, what conclusion can be made?
Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
All group means are equal.
There is a significant difference between groups.
There is no significant difference between groups.
In which situation would the Kruskal-Wallis test be used instead of ANOVA?
Small samples and ordinal data
Nominal dependent variable
Data with normal distribution
Two paired samples
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for Kruskal-Wallis?
Mean
Median
Mode
Weighted Mean
Which test is the non-parametric alternative to One-way ANOVA?
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum
Friedman Test
Kruskal-Wallis
T-test for dependent means
One advantage of non-parametric tests is:
Require larger sample sizes
Assume equal variances
More robust to outliers
Only usable with interval data
Which of the following test statistics is used in One-Way ANOVA to determine whether there are significant differences between group means?
F-statistic
T-statistic
Chi-square
Z-score
Which of the following is the most appropriate statistical test to compare three or more independent groups when the data is ordinal or not normally distributed?
One-Way ANOVA
Pearson's r
Kruskal-Wallis
Repeated Measures ANOVA
What type of variable is the dependent variable in One-Way ANOVA?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval/Ratio
Categorical
Which of the following scenarios is most appropriate for using a Repeated Measures ANOVA?
Comparing exam scores between three different classes.
Comparing customer satisfaction scores from three unrelated companies.
Comparing height among children from three different schools.
Measuring blood pressure of patients before, during, and after treatment.
Which test requires sphericity as an assumption?
One-Way ANOVA
Friedman Test
Kruskal-Wallis
Repeated Measures ANOVA
A limitation of the Friedman test is:
Less powerful than parametric tests.
It requires normality.
Cannot compare more than two groups.
Cannot handle ranked data.
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship?
r = -0.85
r = 0.50
r = -0.60
r = 0.10
A researcher wants to examine the correlation between age (in years) and income. The most appropriate test is:
Spearman Rank
Chi-square
Pearson's r
Kendall Tau-b
What is the possible range of Pearson's r?
0 to 1
-1 to 1
-2 to 2
0 to ∞
The null hypothesis in Pearson's r implies:
No linear relationship.
r = 1
No rank association.
Mean of both variables is equal.
Which assumption is required for Pearson's r?
Normality of both variables
Ranked variables
Frequency distribution
Chi-square distribution
Which test should be used when the variables are ordinal and tied ranks are common?
Spearman Rank
Chi-square
Pearson's r
Kendall Tau-b
When should you use the Spearman Rank Correlation instead of Pearson's r?
When the variables are nominal and unrelated.
When measuring the association between ranked or ordinal variables.
When analyzing the frequency of categorical outcomes.
When data is normally distributed and interval-scaled.
When is the Chi-square test appropriate?
When testing correlation of ranked variables.
When testing for normality.
When testing relationship between two categorical variables.
When testing the difference between two means.
A correlation coefficient of -0.87 indicates:
Strong negative correlation
Strong positive correlation
Weak correlation
No correlation
If a scatterplot shows a non-linear pattern, which correlation method is NOT appropriate?
Spearman Rank
Chi-square
Pearson's r
Kendall Tau-b
Kendall's Tau-b is particularly suited for:
Small samples with ties
Predicting regression outcomes
Large datasets with no ties
Testing independence of frequencies
Which of the following research questions is best answered using a Chi-Square Test of Independence?
What is the correlation between age and income?
Does stress level increase after a week of exams compared to before?
Is there a significant difference in average test scores between two teaching methods?
Is there a relationship between gender (male/female) and preferred type of movie (action/comedy/drama)?
In correlation, a p-value < 0.05 typically means:
Variables are unrelated.
Relationship is statistically significant.
Distribution is not normal.
Null hypothesis is accepted.
If two variables increase together, the correlation is:
No correlation
Inverse
Positive
Negative
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of a correlation analysis?
To determine if one variable cause another.
To evaluate differences among three or more independent groups.
To compare the means of two related groups.
To assess the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
In a study of patient satisfaction, 6 patients rated two doctors. Is there a significant ordinal association between the patients' satisfaction ratings of the two doctors?
Perform the steps in Hypothesis testing. For step 3, simply state the statistical test to use.
A researcher studies task completion times (in seconds) across three software interfaces, tested by the same 5 users.
Perform the steps in Hypothesis testing. For step 3, simply state the statistical test to use.
A teacher wants to test if three different teaching strategies affect student performance differently.
Perform the steps in Hypothesis testing. For step 3, simply state the statistical test to use.
A psychologist wants to know if there is a linear relationship between the level of stress (measured by a standardized scale from 0 to 100) and the number of hours of sleep a person gets per night.
Perform the steps in hypothesis testing. For step 3, simply state the statistical test to use.
