inflammatory lesions of the glabrous skin, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle, gradually enlarging and spreading.

demonstrates round patches around the body

also known as jock itch

"hadhad"

affects the groin area

Dermatophytosis of the proximal medial and inner thighs, groin, and buttocks; red and itchy rash, spreading ring-shaped erythematous lesions

infection of the feet: the toe web spaces are the major reservoir on the human body for these fungi

also known as athlete's foot

infection of the feet: the toe web spaces are the major reservoir on the human body for these fungi

characterized by cracks on the sole of feet with itching

fungal infection of the scalp, involving both the skin and hair; causes itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head.

also known as ringworm of the scalp

associated with red lesions on the scalp and typically infects children

also known as onchomycosis

infection of the fingernails, toenails.

oncomycosis

causes brittleness, yellow color and hard fingernails and toenails

ringworm of hands

ringworm of beard

dermatiaceous fungi (dark, slow-growing fungi)

rare infection caused by dematiaceous saprobes which invade organs like skin, lungs, and brain of immunosuppressed hosts. -Exophiala (former Phialophora) jeanselmei -Phialophora -Wangiella (former Fonsecaea) dermatitidis -Cladosporium trichoides

granulomatous tumor of subcutaneous tissue

true fungi

most common cause of mycetoma

Actinomyces and Nocardia are..

sclenotic bodies or medlar bodies; looks like copper tennis

mixed sporulation

conidia on side

conidia in chains

conidia in clusters

only phialophora sporulation

only cladosporium sporulation

causative agent of Rose Gardener's disease

in room temperature, this is the product

central halo around egenerating yeast; concentric radiating eosinophilic material (Ag-Ab reaction)

in 37 degree Celsius temperature, this is the product

mold to flowerette conidia Older cx - conidia on side of hyphae (sleeve)

yeast becomes cigar shaped

Organism: North American Blastomycosis Gilchrist disease Delicate, septate hyphae with round or pyriform conidia borne singly on conidiophores or directly on hyphae, resembling "lollipops"

Organism: North American Blastomycosis Gilchrist disease thick-walled, large yeast cells with single bud on a broad base; broad isthmus at constriction

Organism: South American Blastomycosis Small, septate, branched hyphae with intercalary and terminal chlamydoconidia; few piriform microconidia

Organism: South American Blastomycosis large, round to oval, tick-walled yeast cells with multiple cuds, which attached to mother cell by narrow constrictions; resembles ship wheel

enclosed in spirul

Organism: Darling's disease septate hyphae with round to piriform microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphal stalk; later, large, round, thick-walled knobby tuberculated macroconidia forms

Organism: Darling's disease small, budding, round to oval yeast cells; intracellular to mononuclear cells possible with Liemsa or Wright's stain

Organism: San Joaquin Valley Fever Coarse, septate, branched hyphae that produce thick-walled barrel-shaped, rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with empty disjunctor cells

Organism: San Joaquin Valley Fever Large, round, thick-walled spherules with endospores observed in tissue and direct examination, not true yeast

Causative agent of North American Blastomycosis Gilchrist disease

Causative agent of South American Blastomycosis

Causative agent of Darling's disease

Causative agent of San Joaquin Valley Fever

Known for rectangular arthroconidia in its mold phase

H and M bands

can be saprophytic in oral cavities, GI, or vaginal tract

potential pathogens for immunosuppressed px

potential pathogens for immunosuppressed px

positive for germ tube formation

urease negative

urease positive

inositol positive

nitrate negative

cultured on SDA medium without cycloheximide, birdseed/nigerseed/Staib's (asso,o;ayes creatinine

latex agglutination test for antigen in CSF

inhibits bacteria

inhibits saprophytic fungi

indicator: phenol red

used for Candida albicans

used to demonstrate toxins produced by Aspergillus spp.

Cryptococcus neoformans exhibits brown to black colonies in this medium.

Used to culture Blastomyces dermatidis

Used for the differentiation of Microsporum canis and Microsporum audouinii

M. canis

M. audouinii

Differential enrichment medium design for the isolation and preliminary identification of C. neoformans

contains 10% sheep blood; an enrichment agar useful for the isolation of pathogenic yeast and the dimorphic fungi in yeast forms from clinical specimens

Differential medium which aids in distinguishing Cryptococcus neoformans from Cryptococcus gotti

C. gotti colonies appear cobalt blue, indicating the assimilation of glycine whereas colonies of C. neoformans grow poorly and leave medium greenish yellow

recommended for the cultivation of chlamydospore-bearing C. albicans, with chlamydospore production further enhanced by addition of 1% Tween 80

NOT recommended for the production of chlamydospores, rather this formulation favors more luxuriant growth and improves pigment production used to differentiate T. rubrum which produces red pigment from T. mentagrophytes which does not

color of C. gotti on Canavinine-glycinebromothymol blue agar

color of C. neoformans on Canavinine-glycinebromothymol blue agar

Used to isolate dermatophytes from cutaneous specimens

Enriched selective medium for the growth of cyclohexamide-sensitive fungi such as Cryptococcus, Histoplasma capsulatum, and the mucoraceous fungi

General purpose medium used to isolate fungi, especially dermatophytes

Similar to inhibitory mold agar in that it does not contain cycloheximide

provides a differential medium useful in assessing the ability of yeast to assimilate KNO3

Selective media used to isolate pathogenic fungi, dermatophytes, and systemic pathogens

Cycloheximide suppresses the growth of saprophytic fungi, whereas the chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial contaminants

Recommended plating medium for the cultivation, enumeration and identification of yeasts and molds from dairy and other food products as well as from clinical specimens

In this medium, potato infusion encourages the growth and sporulation by fungi

dermatophyte pigment production is enhanced on this medium

commonly used in the slide culture technique to visualize the microscopic morphology of fungi

Used to induce sporulation in fungi. Easier to prepare and its components provide its nutrients.

To enhance the growth of fungi and inhibit bacterial growth slightly, the pH is adjusted to approximately 5.6

useful in the cultivation of C. albicans, with enhancement chlamydospore production

shown to enhance pigment production by T. rubrum, facilitating its differentiation from T. mentagrophytes

USeful in the differentiation of M. audouinii from other dermatophytes especially M. canis

M. audouinii grows poorly in this medium and discolors the medium

Other dermatophytes and most other fungi grow well and sporulate on this medium with no discoloration of the medium.

A general purpose medium used to isolate fungi. IT is made from a combination of Saboraoud dextrose nd BHI ingredients.

Medium useful for the isolation of dimorphic fungi from clinical specimens. Addition of blood increases the isolation of dimorphic fungi and promotes the conversion to the yeast stage

Nutrient media suitable for the cultivation of fungi, especially those associated with cutaneous and mucutaneous infections

Emmons modification

Formulations are identical, with the exception of the agar; to make a solid plated medium, 1.5% to 2% agar is added to the broth formulation

Emmons-modified Sabouraud dextrose agar is formulation used today. It has 2% dextrose and a neutral pH as opposed to 4% dextrose and an acidic pH, which were in the original formulation

USed for the identification of Trichophyton spp.

Nutrient vary in seven media based on growth rating of 1 to 4 for each of the seven media, the fungus is identified

test for Candida albicans

test for Cryptococcus neoformans (black in this case)

test for differentiating C. neoformans and C. albicans

V. shaped penetration of hair shaft

Serologic confirmation for systemic fungi

Microscopic immunodiffusion test with antisera

T. mentagrophytes

Histoplasma capsulatum

Blastomyces dermatitidis

T. rubrum