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Galaxies and Keplers Laws

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What event is considered the starting point of the universe, leading to the eventual formation of the solar system?

a)

The Great Expansion

b)

The Big Bang

c)

The Cosmic Burst

d)

The Universal Explosion

2.

Which process describes the formation of the solar system from a rotating disk of gas and dust?

a)

Stellar Fusion

b)

Nebular Hypothesis

c)

Galactic Formation

d)

Cosmic Inflation

3.

What is the primary component of the Sun, around which the solar system is organized?

a)

Helium

b)

Carbon

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Oxygen

4.

Which planet is known as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish appearance?

a)

Venus

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

5.

Which celestial body is the largest in the solar system?

a)

Earth

b)

Jupiter

c)

Saturn

d)

Neptune

6.

Which space probe was the first to successfully fly by and send back images of Pluto?

a)

Voyager 1

b)

New Horizons

c)

Pioneer 10

d)

Cassini

7.

What is the primary purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope?

a)

To explore the surface of Mars

b)

To observe distant galaxies and celestial phenomena

c)

To monitor Earth's weather patterns

d)

To study the Sun's surface

8.

Which planet in the solar system has the most moons?

a)

Earth

b)

Mars

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

9.

What is the term for the region of space beyond Neptune that contains many small icy bodies?

a)

Asteroid Belt

b)

Kuiper Belt

c)

Oort Cloud

d)

Comet Zone

10.

Which manned mission was the first to land humans on the Moon?

a)

Apollo 11

b)

Apollo 13

c)

Gemini 4

d)

Mercury 7

11.
The Nebular Theory is:
a)
A theory on how the Milky Way galaxy was formed
b)
A theory on how the universe was formed
c)
A theory on how the solar system will be destroyed
d)
A theory on how the solar system was formed
12.
A nebula is:
a)
A cloud of ice
b)
A cloud of dust and gas
c)
A cloud of just gas
d)
A cloud of just dust
13.
The most abundant gases in a nebula are:
a)
Hydrogen & Oxygen
b)
Nitrogen & Oxygen
c)
Hydrogen & Helium
d)
Oxygen & Helium
14.
A nebula starts to move because:
a)
A nearby supernova
b)
A nearby star
c)
A passing spaceship
d)
A passing comet
15.
A nebula starts to collapse because of:
a)
A nearby star shining it's light
b)
A passing spaceship
c)
A passing comet
d)
Gravity
16.
As a nebula collapses it also begins:
a)
Expand
b)
Rotate
c)
Shake
d)
Turn to ice
17.
A nebula collapses down into a disk known called:
a)
A compact disk
b)
An irregular cloud
c)
An accretion disk
d)
An circular disk
18.
What forms in the very center of the accretion disk?
a)
A protosun
b)
A planet
c)
A protoplanet
d)
A planetesimal
19.
What is forming in the accretion disk away from the center?
a)
Light
b)
Protostars
c)
Planetesimals
d)
Hydrogen
20.
The planetesimals keep:
a)
Colliding and breaking apart
b)
Colliding and sticking together
c)
Colliding and bouncing around
d)
Breaking down into smaller pieces
21.
The group of inner planets are known as:
a)
The Terrestrial Planets
b)
The Gas Giants
c)
The Outer Planets
d)
The Hallow Planets
22.
The group of outer planets are known as:
a)
The Terrestrial Planets
b)
The Gas Giants
c)
The Inner Planets
d)
The Rocky Planets
23.
What caused the lighter elements to leave the terrestrial planets?
a)
Gravity from the Gas Giants
b)
Nothing, the lighter elements stayed
c)
Gravity from the Sun
d)
Heat from the Sun
24.
How long ago did these nebular processes start?
a)
4.6 years ago
b)
4.6 light years ago
c)
5.6 billion years ago
d)
4.6 billion years ago
25.
Intense pressure in the protosun (protostar) caused:
a)
Fire in the Sun to start
b)
Helium to break down into Hydrogen
c)
Nuclear Fusion to start
d)
Nuclear Fusion to end
26.
What percentage of the nebula will the Sun accumulate?
a)
99%
b)
1%
c)
50%
d)
75%
27.
The shape of the planets and dwarf planets after accumulating all their material is:
a)
Irregular
b)
A Sphere
c)
An Oval
d)
A disk
28.
What materials could not survive the heat where the rocky planets were formed?
a)
Gamma Rays
b)
Plasma
c)
Ice and Gas
d)
Rocks
29.
What two objects do scientists study to learn about the formation of the solar system?
a)
Comets & Asteroids
b)
Comets & Exoplanets
c)
Exoplanets & Asteroids
d)
Asteroids & Distant Stars
30.

The Milky Way’s structure was determined by using:

a)

the Doppler Effect.

b)

neutron star emissions.

c)

radio telescopes.

d)

the Hubble Space Telescope.

31.

Our Sun resides about ______________ from the center of our galaxy.

a)

4.57 million miles

b)

30,000 light-years

c)

125,000 light years

d)

93 million miles

32.

WHich of the following statements is FALSE?

a)

The individual stars of the Milky Way revolve around the galactic nucleus.

b)

The innermost stars revolve the slowest.

c)

Our Sun revolves around the galactic nucleus once about every 200 million years.

d)

A halo surrounds the galactic disk, is spherical in shape, and is composed of very tenuous gas

e)

The Milky Way’s halo contains numerous “globular clusters.”

33.

Which of the following IS NOT one of the four basic types of galaxies in our known Universe?

a)

Spiral galaxies

b)

Barred Spiral Galaxies

c)

Elliptical Galaxies

d)

Irregular galaxies

e)

Bright Reflection galaxies

34.

Many cosmologists now consider the Milky Way to be which of the following types of galaxy?

a)

spiral

b)

barred spiral

c)

elliptical

d)

irregular

35.

The Andromeda galaxy is which type of galaxy?

a)

spiral

b)

barred spiral

c)

elliptical

d)

irregular

36.

Which of the following are NOT TRUE concerning barred spiral galaxies?

a)

In barred spiral galaxies, the stars are arranged in the shape of a bar.

b)

Barred spirals are generally quite large.

c)

About 10% of all galaxies are barred spirals.

d)

When galaxies are first formed they are barred spirals, then later become some other shape.

37.

About _____ of all galaxies are ellipticals.

a)

10%

b)

60%

c)

90%

d)

30%

38.

Irregular galaxies contain mostly:

a)

black holes.

b)

supernovae.

c)

old stars.

d)

young stars.

39.

We live in a galactic cluster called the _______________, which contains at least ______ galaxies.

a)

Andromeda, one billion

b)

Local Group, 28

c)

Pegasus, 150

d)

the Milky Way, one trillion

40.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the term "supercluster"?

a)

Superclusters are huge swarms of galaxies, and these may be the largest entities in the Universe.

b)

Superclusters are groups of stars containing at least 30 stars.

c)

Superclusters are collections of stars containing at least 100 billion stars.

d)

Superclusters are large clouds of gas and dust that can produce stars.

41.

What are the other two large galaxies in our local group other than the Milky Way?

a)

Orion and the Horsehead

b)

Andromeda and the Triangulum

c)

Alpha Centauri and Sirius

d)

Venus and Mars

42.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
43.
A galaxy is a large collection of stars, gas and dust. What is responsible for holding the stars, gas, and dust together in a galaxy?
a)
heat
b)
light
c)
gravity
d)
friction
44.
Where can the Solar System be found when looking at the Milky Way from above?
a)
In the center of the galaxy
b)
On the edge of the galaxy
c)
About 2/3rds of the way out from the center
d)
About 1/3rd of the way out from the center
45.
There is a super massive black hole in the center of the Milky Way galaxy. 
a)
True
b)
False
46.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
47.
Galaxies that are moving away from us are _ shifting?
a)
red
b)
blue
c)
yellow
d)
green
48.
Who discovered the first galaxy outside of the Milky Way?
a)
Edwin Hubble
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Albert Einstein
d)
Neil Armstrong
49.
What type of galaxy does this image depict?
a)
Elliptical
b)
Spiral
c)
Barred Spiral
d)
Irregular
50.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular 
d)
Irrational
51.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
52.
How are galaxies held together.
a)
gas
b)
dust
c)
stars
d)
gravitational attraction
53.

A Group of stars, and or star systems, dust and gas held together by gravity and isolated in space is known as:

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Solar System

d)

Planet

54.

Which type of galaxy is the most common

a)

spiral

b)

giant elliptical

c)

irregular

d)

ford

55.
Most of the mass of the Milky Way galaxy is thought to be...
a)
The black hole at its center
b)
Dark matter
c)
Dust and gas
d)
Main-sequence stars and planets
56.
When will the Milky Way and Andromeda collide?
a)
It's happening now.
b)
In 1 billion years from now
c)
In 5 billion years from now
d)
It will never happen.
57.
The name of our galactic cluster is "The Local Group".
a)
True
b)
False
58.
What force holds the contents of galaxies together?
a)
The weak nuclear force
b)
The electromagnetic force
c)
Gravity
d)
The strong nuclear force
59.

.......... are huge spherical areas where very little matter exists in the universe .

a)

voids

b)

clusters

c)

superclusters

60.

How do galaxies change

a)

They evolve

b)

They collide

c)

Hubble's tuning fork

d)

They don't

61.

How big are quasars compared to Galaxies?

a)

Bigger

b)

Smaller

c)

Same

62.

How do quasars get their energy?

a)

They generate their own energy

b)

A black hole

c)

The sun

d)

The stars

63.

What is a Quasar?

a)

Massive black holes at the center of every galaxy

b)

They have been sucked up by black holes

c)

Stars emitting bright lights

64.

Which type of galaxy has the most gas and dust

a)

Galactic

b)

elliptical

c)

spiral

d)

irregular

65.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
66.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
67.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
68.
The place where a planet is closest to the Sun as it orbits the Sun is called the
a)
perihelion
b)
aphelion
69.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
70.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
71.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
72.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
73.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
74.
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are oval in shape or 
a)
ellipses
b)
perfect circles
75.
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once. 
a)
longer
b)
shorter
76.
Kepler's third law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the
a)
shape of orbit and location of Sun.
b)
orbital velocity and position in orbit
c)
distance from the Sun and length of year.
d)
path of epicycle and position.

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