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Space

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Kepler's First law states that each planet moves in a _ orbit

a)

elliptical

b)

circular

c)

spherical

d)

triangular

2.

The longest dimension in an ellipse is called

a)

major axis

b)

minor axis

c)

focus

d)

radius

3.

What symbol is used to define half the length of a major axis

a)

e

b)

a

c)

S

d)

l/2

4.

half the length of a major axis is known as

a)

half-major axis

b)

minor axis

c)

semi-major axis

d)

focus

5.

In the ellipse shown, there are four line segments, two blue and two red. Compare the total length of the blue line segments to that of the total length of the red line segments.

a)

blue length > red length

b)

blue length < red length

c)

blue length = red length

6.

An ellipse has how many foci?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

7.

What symbols are used for the two foci of an ellipse?

a)

O and O'

b)

F and F'

c)

A and B

d)

S and S'

8.

True or false. the sun is located at one of the foci of the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around it.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

The center of an ellipse has a symbol:

a)

C

b)

O

c)

e

d)

a

10.

The distance of each focus from the center of the ellipse is given by ea, where e is called the

a)

eccentricity

b)

ecliptic

c)

elasticity

d)

unit radius

11.

The value of eccentricity e has a range from

a)

0 to 10

b)

-1 to 1

c)

0 to 100

d)

0 to 1

12.

When the eccentricity e = 0, the shape is a

a)

perfect ellipse

b)

circle

c)

oblong

d)

point

13.

Which planet has the lowest eccentricy, and thus have an orbit around the sun that's closest to a circle.

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

14.

Which planet has the highest eccentricity at 0.206

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Jupiter

d)

Saturn

15.

The point in the planet's orbit closest to the sun is called

a)

perihelion

b)

aphelion

c)

exhilion

d)

trahedion

16.

The point in a planet's orbit most distant from the sun is called

a)

perihelion

b)

aphelion

c)

exhilion

d)

trahedion

17.

Newton showed that for a body acted on by an attractive force proportional to 1r2\frac{1}{r^2}  , the only possible closed orbits are an ellipse or a _

a)

circle

b)

parabola

c)

hyperbola

d)

triangle

18.

A planet moves along its elliptical orbit from point a to point b. If dθd\theta  is a very small angle swept by a line segment that joins the center of the ellipse to these points, then we can approximate the green shaded area to be the area of a _

a)

ellipse

b)

circle

c)

rectangle

d)

triangle

19.

Since points a and b form an arc length in this orbit, what is its length?

a)

rdθrd\theta  

b)

r2dθr^2d\theta  

c)

rdθ\frac{r}{d\theta}  

d)

r2dθ\frac{r^2}{d\theta}  

20.

What is the formula for the area of the green shaded triangle (dA), given the arc length and the radius.

a)

12r2dθ2\frac{1}{2}r^2d\theta^2  

b)

12rdθ2\frac{1}{2}rd\theta^2  

c)

12rdθ\frac{1}{2}rd\theta  

d)

12r2dθ\frac{1}{2}r^2d\theta  

21.

The rate at which this area is swept out, dA/dt, is called the _

a)

area velocity

b)

arc length velocity

c)

sector velocity

d)

orbital velocity

22.

Which one is the right formula for sector velocity in an elliptical orbit

a)

dAdt=12 r2 d2θdt2\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2\ }r^2\ \frac{d^2\theta}{dt^2}  

b)

dAdt=12 r dθdt\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2\ }r\ \frac{d\theta}{dt}  

c)

dAdt=12 r2 dθdt\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2\ }r^2\ \frac{d\theta}{dt}  

d)

dAdt=12r dθdt\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2r\ }\frac{d\theta}{dt}  

23.

What does Kepler say about the sector velocity of an orbiting planet?

a)

it is the same at all points in the orbit

b)

the sector velocity is greater when the planet is far from the sun

c)

the sector velocity is greater when the planet is close to the sun

d)

the sector velocity is random across all points in the orbit

24.

dAdt=12 r2 dθdt\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2\ }r^2\ \frac{d\theta}{dt}  

In this formula, when the planet is close to the sun,

a)

r is small and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  is big

b)

r is big and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  is small

c)

r and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  are both small

d)

r and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  are both big

25.

dAdt=12 r2 dθdt\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2\ }r^2\ \frac{d\theta}{dt}  

In this formula, when the planet is far from the sun

a)

r is small and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  is big

b)

r is big and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  is small

c)

r and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  are both small

d)

r and dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}  are both big

26.

Which of the following is one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?

a)

Planets move on elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.

b)

The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the distance increases.

c)

An object in motion remains in motion.

d)

Inner planets orbit in a different direction than outer ones.

27.

An ellipse is drawn around two points called the…

a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion

c)

axis

d)

foci

28.

Suppose the gravitational force between two massive spheres is 100 N. If the first mass is tripled (3m_1) , what is the new force between the masses?

a)

33 N

b)

50 N

c)

100 N

d)

200 N

e)

300 N

29.

Suppose the gravitational force between two massive spheres is 70 N. If the distance between the spheres is cut in half (½ d), what is the force between the masses?

a)

280 N

b)

140 N

c)

70 N

d)

35 N

e)

17.5 N

30.

The gravitational force of Earth on an object DOES NOT depend upon the object’s mass.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

If you travel outside our solar system, then you can escape the gravitational force of Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

32.

Kepler’s 2nd Law states that the area swept out by a planet’s motion will be the same regardless of where it is in its orbit. A comet moves much faster when it is closer to the Sun than when it is further out from the Sun. What is the primary cause in the change of the comet’s orbital velocity?

a)

Jupiter's gravitational field.

b)

The sun's solar wind.

c)

The sun's gravitational field.

d)

Saturn's magnetic field.

33.

The Moon orbits the Earth as the Earth orbits the Sun. The Moon’s orbit is elliptical, and changes its distance from the Earth by around 10 over the course of an orbit. Any ellipse has two centers, which are called foci. For the Moon’s orbit, what must exist at one of the two foci?

a)

The Earth

b)

The Sun

c)

The Moon

d)

Mars

34.
An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels fastest when it is
a)
nearest Earth.
b)
farthest from Earth.
c)
everywhere along its orbit.
35.
Consider a moon that orbits one of our most distant planets in an elliptical path. The distance that the moon covers each day is
a)
greatest when closest to the planet.
b)
greatest when farthest from the planet.
c)
the same everywhere.
d)
need more information 
36.
An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its smallest speed
a)
closest to Earth
b)
when getting farther from Earth.
c)
when farthest from Earth.
d)
need more information
37.
The orbital path of a satellite has two focal points. When both focal points are together 
a)
the satellite path is an ellipse.
b)
the satellite path is a circle.
c)
satellites lose speed.
38.
According to Kepler, the paths of planets about the Sun are
a)
parabolas.
b)
circles.
c)
straight lines.
d)
ellipses
39.
Which law of Kepler's states that a planet farther away from the sun travels the same amount of time as when it is closer to the sun (even though the speed is slower farther away than when closer to the sun) due to equal areas?
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
40.
Knowing how long a planet takes to orbit the sun, helps scientists determine the distance that planet is from the sun.  Is this Kepler's 1st, 2nd or 3rd Law?  
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
41.
Planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit relates to which of Kepler's laws?  
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
42.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
43.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
44.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is 
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
45.
The place where a planet is closest to the Sun as it orbits the Sun is called the
a)
perihelion
b)
aphelion
46.
The place where a planet is farthest away from the Sun in its orbit around the Sun is called the
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
47.
Where is the planet moving faster
a)
Position A to B
b)
Position B to C
c)
Position H to I
d)
Position I to J
48.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
49.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
50.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
51.
Kepler's third law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the
a)
shape of orbit and location of Sun.
b)
orbital velocity and position in orbit
c)
distance from the Sun and length of year.
d)
path of epicycle and position.
52.
How many laws of planetary motion did Kepler discover?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
53.

The period of revolution measures what?

a)

Time it takes to make one complete spin.

b)

Time it takes to go around the Sun once.

c)

Distance from the Sun to the planet

54.
Which planet would have the greatest velocity?
a)
Mercury
b)
Mars
c)
Jupiter
d)
Neptune
55.
Which planet would have the longest year?
a)
Mercury
b)
Mars
c)
Jupiter
d)
Neptune
56.
Which diagram shows a planet with the least eccentric orbit?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
57.

What do Kepler's Laws help explain?

a)

Planetary motion

b)

The order of the Universe

c)

The Big Bang Theory

d)

Hubble's Law

58.

What does Kepler's 1st Law (Law of Ellipses) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

c)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

59.

What does Kepler's 2nd Law (Law of Equal Area) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

c)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

60.

What does Kepler's 3rd Law (Harmonic Law) help explain?

a)

The shape of Earth's orbit

b)

The area covered by Earth's sweeping orbit in equal time periods

c)

The directly proportional relationship between Earth's distance from the sun & its orbital speed

d)

The order of the planets in our solar system

61.

Which of the following has an eccentricity of zero?

a)

a straight line

b)

a large ellipse

c)

a circle

d)

a small ellipse

62.
According to Kepler’s 3rd Law of Planetary Motion the farther a planet is located from the Sun...
a)
the shorter its period of revolution
b)
the longer its period of revolution
63.
The diagram to the left shows four positions of a planet in its orbit around the Sun. At which position would the planet’s speed be the greatest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
64.

Which of the these would have an eccentricity of 1

a)

a straight line

b)

a large ellipse

c)

a circle

d)

a small ellipse

65.

Which of the following is more elliptical based off of its eccentricity?

a)

.0035

b)

.035

c)

.35

d)

.53

66.

How would the orbit of a satellite change if its mass increased?

a)

Its orbit would become more elliptical.

b)

Its orbit would become less elliptical.

c)

Its orbit would stay the same.

67.

If a space shuttle orbiting Earth wanted to orbit closer to the surface (decrease the orbit) would they need to speed up or slow down?

a)

Speed up

b)

Slow down

68.

What is the primary composition of asteroids?

a)

Ice and dust

b)

Rock and metal

c)

Gas and plasma

d)

Water and organic compounds

69.

Which of the following best describes the orbit of a comet?

a)

Circular and close to the Sun

b)

Elliptical and far from the Sun

c)

Parabolic and within the asteroid belt

d)

Hyperbolic and near the Earth

70.

What is the main difference between a meteoroid and a meteor?

a)

A meteoroid is larger than a meteor

b)

A meteoroid is in space, while a meteor is in Earth's atmosphere

c)

A meteor is made of ice, while a meteoroid is made of rock

d)

A meteor is a comet, while a meteoroid is an asteroid

71.

How do asteroids primarily affect Earth?

a)

By causing solar eclipses

b)

By impacting Earth's surface and causing craters

c)

By altering Earth's magnetic field

d)

By changing Earth's orbit around the Sun

72.

What is the origin of most comets in our solar system?

a)

The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud

b)

The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

c)

The rings of Saturn

d)

The surface of the Moon

73.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a comet?

a)

A solid metallic core

b)

A tail that always points away from the Sun

c)

A circular orbit around the Earth

d)

A dense atmosphere

74.

What is the primary reason meteors burn up upon entering Earth's atmosphere?

a)

Friction with atmospheric gases

b)

Collision with other meteors

c)

Exposure to sunlight

d)

Gravitational pull of the Earth

75.

Which of the following statements is true about the asteroid belt?

a)

It is located between Earth and Mars

b)

It contains only icy bodies

c)

It is located between Mars and Jupiter

d)

It is the origin of all comets

76.

What is the typical structure of a comet?

a)

A rocky core with a gaseous atmosphere

b)

A nucleus, coma, and tail

c)

A solid metal surface with a magnetic field

d)

A liquid core with a solid crust

77.

How do meteoroids differ from asteroids in terms of size?

a)

Meteoroids are generally smaller than asteroids

b)

Meteoroids are generally larger than asteroids

c)

Meteoroids and asteroids are the same size

d)

Meteoroids are gaseous, while asteroids are solid

78.

What is the asteroid belt?

a)

A ring of asteroids around the sun

b)

A fictional concept with no scientific basis

c)

A region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our solar system are found.

d)

A belt worn by astronauts to protect from asteroid impacts

79.

What are the main components of the asteroid belt?

a)

Comets and meteors

b)

Moons and satellites

c)

Gas giants and dwarf planets

d)

Asteroids and minor planets

80.

How did the asteroid belt form?

a)

Leftover material from the early solar system

b)

Remnants of a destroyed planet

c)

Result of a collision between two planets

d)

Debris from a passing comet

81.

What is the role of Jupiter in the formation of the asteroid belt?

a)

Jupiter's gravity attracted the asteroids to form the belt

b)

Jupiter's magnetic field pushed the asteroids into the belt

c)

Jupiter's gravity prevented the formation of a planet in the asteroid belt.

d)

Jupiter's atmosphere caused the asteroids to collide and form the belt

82.

What are the theories about the formation of the asteroid belt?

a)

Alien intervention and manipulation

b)

Gravitational influence of Jupiter and collision of planetesimals

c)

Volcanic eruptions and tectonic activity

d)

Impact of solar winds and radiation

83.

How do scientists believe the asteroid belt was formed?

a)

Result of a collision between two planets

b)

Remnants of a destroyed planet

c)

Leftover material that never formed into a planet

d)

Debris from a passing comet

84.

What are the characteristics of asteroids in the asteroid belt?

a)

Rocky and metallic objects

b)

Icy and gaseous objects

c)

Hollow and porous objects

d)

Liquid and molten objects

85.

What is the size range of asteroids in the asteroid belt?

a)

Tiny grains to a few meters

b)

Small pebbles to hundreds of kilometers

c)

Dozens of kilometers to thousands of kilometers

d)

Millions of kilometers to billions of kilometers

86.

What is the current understanding of the asteroid belt's formation?

a)

Scientists believe that the asteroid belt is the remnant of a failed planet formation process.

b)

The asteroid belt was formed by a collision between two planets

c)

The asteroid belt is a result of a black hole sucking in matter

d)

The asteroid belt is made up of debris from a supernova explosion

87.

What are the implications of studying the asteroid belt for understanding the early solar system?

a)

Insights into the formation and evolution of the early solar system

b)

Predicting the future trajectory of the asteroid belt

c)

Exploring the possibility of life on Mars

d)

Understanding the composition of the outer planets

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