I am sure you didn't work hard for your exam.

"How far is the train station?"

She left the room without saying

The correct sentence with future progressive:

___ was interested in the talk; it was so boring!

The relative clause of possession:

By the end of the year, we ___ in this house for 10 years!

Changing your diet means ___ down on fatty foods.

This time next week, we ___ findings to the board.

The definition of "the equator":

The right sentence:

I didn't get any aspirin because I didn't have enough money.

Margaret Davis, ___ lives next door to my mother, works with my brother.

He is very tired. He walked quite slowly out of the room.

The sentence with gradable adjective:

Kakadu's wetlands are the home ___ the saltwater crocodile.

I was surprised that Mum was angry.

"might" to express

I have two children. ___ my children speak excellent English.

You/not be/at Jane's house

Samal, ___ mother was my music teacher, now plays saxophone in an orchestra.

Are there any students in the room?

How would you feel if your best friend told you she was immigrating to Australia?

Hello. I am looking for the yellow dress in the window.

You ___ to attend the staff meeting today.

I've been walking all day so I've worked ___ a really good appetite.

One of the uses of past simple:

"I am guilty of committing the crime."

The meaning of the idiom "Give somebody one's word":

It was a difficult match, but they managed to ___ the other team.

If you "keep an eye out" it means

The correct word formation of the word 'serve' according to the context: "The .... in this place is absolutely terrible"

The company has offices throughout the country, but its HQ is located in the capital. HQ stands for ____

The correct form of possessive case

The correct form of adjective: "I found him in the …. corner of the park."

The streets of Almaty are wide and straight. Synonym of 'wide' is

The correct meaning of the expression 'now and again/then'

The correct preposition: "He was taken to hospital____an ambulance."

The right usage of modal verb 'can' in the sentence: "He can finish his work next week."

The story of Silicon Valley

It is not made of silicon; and it is not a river valley; but forgetting that, Silicon Valley is probably the most famous valley in the world. Although it is not the place where the first computer was built (that was Manchester, England), Silicon Valley, near San Francisco, was the birthplace of the modern computer industry.

For this, we can say thank you to scientists at the universities in California, and to the Hippies of the 1960's.

   It was in the nineteen-sixties that American "youth culture" really began. California, of course, already existed; but the Sixties Generation rediscovered it.

At the time there were really two different forms of youth culture; the "Beach Boy" culture on the one hand, and the anti-establishment hippies and radical students on the other hand; and they all dreamed of California.

   For the Beach Boys, that meant southern California, where they could sing about surfing and cars; for the Hippies and radicals, it meant San Francisco, "flower power" and revolutionary new ideas. The campuses at Berkeley and Stanford University, near San Francisco, were hot-beds of new ideas, new technology, new culture, and new ways of living.

When they finished university, many of the best students did not look for jobs with big companies like Ford or Exxon. Instead they wanted to be free and run their own operations.... and stay in California, not far from San Francisco. Silicon Valley is thus a group of small towns, including Palo Alto and San José,  a few miles south of San Francisco.

Today, young people from all over come to Silicon Valley to learn about computers.

The high-technology industry was already present around San Francisco. Intel had been founded in 1968, and in the same year the first computer mouse was built at Stamford University. In 1970, Xerox opened a research center in Palo Alto. There were also other electronics companies, like Hewlett Packard, and Fairchild, the world's first "semiconductor" company.

   Then, in 1976, an electronics student called Steve Jobs started a small computer company in his garage; he gave it the same name as the Beatles' record company: Apple.

Very soon,  more  companies, like Seagate and Google appeared. "Silicon Valley" had arrived. There was even a sort of primitive Internet connecting many addresses in Silicon Valley, called the Arpanet.

 Today, Silicon Valley is still the home of the computer industry; it is still full of high technology, but it is not the only center for high-tech in the USA.  Today here are computer firms all over the USA.... and all over the world; but Silicon Valley still has the largest concentration of high-tech companies and research centers.

Microsoft, the world's biggest high-tech company, is not based in Silicon Valley. It is further north, near Seattle in the state of Washington

41.What was the original name of the computer company founded by Steve Jobs?

Where  was the first computer mouse built? 

Which two groups of people had different visions of California in the 1960?

Where was the first computer built according to the passage?

Which company is described as the world's first "semiconductor" company?

One Brain or Two

Think about your brain for a moment. Weighing about 3 lbs (1.4 kg), it not only controls your other organs, regulates pleasure and pain, hunger and thirst, blood pressure and body temperature, but it also plays a huge part in determining your personal identity through thoughts, memories, and emotions. It’s an amazing organ, isn’t it? Although a brain is often compared to the CPU (central processing unit) in a laptop, in reality, the brain is far superior and far more complex.

Underneath a protective skull, the brain appears to be separated into two halves, the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere, but this is not quite true. Information and instructions pass from one side of the brain to the other through the corpus callosum – about 200–250 million nerve fibres. Surprisingly, each hemisphere is responsible for the opposite side of the body. For example, information received from our senses on one side of the body is communicated to the opposite hemisphere of the brain.

Some scientists think that the two hemispheres control different abilities and behaviour. The left side is more related to logic and analysis: it deals with details. The right is usually more creative and imaginative: it prefers general ideas or “the big picture” and deals with emotions. For artists such as writers, sculptors and musicians, the right side of their brain is dominant. On the other hand, people in professions that require organization and facts, like scientists and accountants, more commonly use the left side of the brain.

It seems that each hemisphere of the brain has a tendency for certain kinds of function. For example, the left side of the brain may handle the syntax and vocabulary of language, but the right side controls the accent, speed, and intonation of speech. Neurologists have found that if one side of the brain is removed, the other side can take over some of its roles, such as speech, by creating connections or pathways (synapses) between brain cells (neurons). Will we ever fully understand our own brains? Probably not. However much research we might do, the human brain is probably capable of much more than we will ever discover!

Hemisphere of the brain which is associated with creativity:

The approximate weight of the human brain:

The left and the right hemispheres of the brain connect through:

Which of the following best compares the brain to a machine?

If one hemisphere of the brain is removed: