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Worksheets5th staar 2021
Total questions: 215
Worksheet time: 4hrs 40mins
A student recorded the time it took for all the water in a puddle on a sidewalk to evaporate after a rain. Which kind of energy causes water to evaporate?
Light energy from streetlights
Sound energy from passing cars
Thermal energy from the environment
Mechanical energy from nearby streets
Thermal energy is....
energy in the form of heat
energy in the form of electricity
energy in the form of cold
energy in the form of water
Label the picture.
Hot Water
Cold Water
Place the correct types of heat transfer where they are happening.
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Label how heat is being transfered in the image
conduction
convection
radiation
radiation
Earth continuously rotates on its axis while also moving in an orbit. About how much time does it take for Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis?
24 hours
30 days
60 minutes
365 days
When the Earth is rotating on its axis, it creates (a) .
Label the picture correctly showing Earth's rotation and revolution.
Earth rotating
Earth revolving
The Earth (a) on its axis every (b) , causing (c) . It also (d) around the Sun every (e) .
The Earth rotates on its axis every (a) . This causes the Earth's (b) .
Which arrow shows the movement that causes day and night on Earth?
How long does it take the earth to revolve around the sun?
(a)
For a class demonstration a student turned off the lights in the classroom. The student then shined light from a flashlight through a hole in a piece of cardboard. The class saw the narrow beam of light continue until another student placed a mirror in the light’s path. The light did not continue past the mirror because —
A. light cannot travel very far
B. the mirror absorbed all the light
C. the light was refracted back to the light source
D. light travels in a straight line and cannot go around objects
A thin beam of light is shown in this picture.
What does the picture demonstrate about light (a) ?
Light travels in (a) lines.
Match the following lenses with the given descriptions
This is a refraction
This is a reflective device
This is a reflection and a refraction
Light is absorbed, opaque object
Match the following
Transparent
Lets light through
Translucent
Lets some light through with distortion
Opaque
Doesn't let any light through
Match the following
all light rays bounce off the material at the same angle
reflection
matierial absorbs all of the light that strikes it
opaque
the material transmits light
transparent
the material scatters light as it passes through
translucent
Light rays travel...
in straight lines
around corners
in a curved path
in random directions
What does this experiment demonstrate about light?
Light travels in straight lines.
Light travels in wavy lines.
Light can pass through solid objects like cardboard.
Light is a form of energy.
Which conclusion can be made about the samples based on the table?
Sample 1 is made of plastic.
Sample 2 is made of metal.
Sample 3 is attracted to magnets.
Sample 4 is less dense than water.
Label the diagram
Which object has the lowest density in this picture?
A wagon is pushed and begins to move. As the wagon moves, it slows and comes to a stop. The wagon and the direction it is pushed are shown. What force causes the wagon to stop?
The force of gravity which is acting in the same direction as the arrow
The force of friction which is acting in the same direction as the arrow
The force of gravity which is acting in the opposite direction of the arrow
The force of friction which is acting in the opposite direction of the arrow
The force that results when two materials rub against each other or when their contact prevents sliding is (a)
(a) is the force created when two surfaces rub against each other.
What force most likely caused a problem with sliding into the pool?
Gravity
Push
Pull
Friction
What is the substance with the least friction?
oil
pebbles
sand
hay
Students made a chart classifying animal behaviors. Animal Behaviors Inherited: Bear looking for food in a trash can, Owl being active at night, Turtle burying eggs Learned: Dog coming when its name is called, Pony pulling a cart, Squirrel getting seeds from a bird feeder Which animal behavior is NOT correctly classified?
Bear looking for food in a trash can
Owl being active at night
Dog coming when its name is called
Squirrel getting seeds from a bird feeder
Canyons and mesas are two landforms found in the western part of the United States. Which statement best describes how canyons and mesas are similar?
Both were formed by slow-moving glaciers.
Both were formed by erosion by wind and water.
Both were part of a mountain that was weathered by ice.
Both were part of a desert that was reshaped by a flood.
Match the following:
A large area of flat land
Plain
A deep, narrow valley with steep slopes
Canyon
A large mass of ice and packed snow
Glacier
A large area of high flat land
Plateau
Land that lies between hills or
mountains
Valley
An area of flat land between mountains.
Volcano
Hill
Plain
Valley
Which word below correctly names this landform?
volcano
canyon
island
What is this land feature?
Desert
Plains
Plateau
Canyon
What is this land feature?
Island
Volcano
Mountain
Plateau
What is this land form?
Valley
Plains
Plateau
Desert
A student wants to make a change to the circuit shown below so that when Switch 1 is open and Switch 2 is closed, only one light will be on in the circuit. Which diagram shows how the student should change the circuit?
Diagram F
Diagram G
Diagram H
Diagram J
From the dots on the image, pick the one that could control whether or not the electrons would flow through the circuit:
Label the parts of this circuit
Power Source
Switch
Lightbulb
Label the circuit
Switch
Battery
Light bulb
Connectors
Which bulbs would remain lit if [Wire B] was cut?
A student constructs the circuit shown for a science demonstration. With the switches in these positions, which lights are on? (a)
All the lights
1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
none of the lights
What 3 bulbs would remain lit if [Wire C] and [Wire E] were cut?
Students made the circuit shown. Cutting the wire at which position would allow two of the lightbulbs to remain lit?
Click on the correct number.
What wire could be cut so that ALL bulbs EXCEPT Bulb 3 remained lit?
All the lightbulbs in this circuit are lit. Which change would cause all the bulbs to go out?
(Removing which wire would cause the circuit not to work)
May be more than one answer choice
Label the different parts of the circuit.
Energy Source
Device
Switch
Wire
Which object can be used to light the bulb and sound the buzzer when the switch is closed? Click on the correct object.
Select which bulbs would remain off if you close switch C and D.
Select the swith(es) that must be closed in order for the bulb to turn on.
A group of students builds the electric circuit shown.
Click on the switches that must be closed for Bulb 1 to remain dark but Bulb 2 to produce light?
A student constructs the circuit shown for a science demonstration.
Click on the lights that are on when the switches are in this position.
Click on the circuit with bulbs that will light light even if one bulb is burned out?
Which bulbs will light up when switch 1 is closed?
Which bulbs will light up when switch 2 is closed?
Select the wires that could be removed to turn the bell off but keep the bulbs lit.
If switch 3 is closed which lightbulb(s) will remain dark?
Students researching the relationships between some organisms in the Lavaca Bay ecosystem in Texas made this partial food web. Which of these lists contains only organisms that receive some of their energy directly from other organisms that produce their own food?
Bald eagles and spotted sandpipers
Swamp rabbits, hermit crabs, and swamp sparrows
Phytoplankton, hermit crabs, and blue crabs
Wiregrass, clover grass, and phytoplankton
What is the diet of all the organisms?
herbivore
carnivore
low level predator
carnivore
top level predator
Marsh grass
autotroph
Label the food chain
Which organism is a primary consumer that eats dandelions?
Use the food chain above to properly match each organism with its correct amount of energy that they will receive at the end of each trophic level
Grass
100,000 joules
Grasshopper
10,000 joules
Frog
1,000 joules
Snake
100 joules
Hawk
10 joules
Match each organism to its diet based on the food web.
herbivore
carnivore
carnivore
Marsh grass
producer
grass
Producer
mouse
Primary consumer
Snake
Secondary consumer
Monkey
Third consumer
Cheetah
Apex predator
A science class is observing a pet turtle in a small plastic pool. The students turn on a portable camping lamp that is clamped on to a counter next to the pool. Which kind of energy is used by the portable lamp to produce light?
Mechanical energy, because the lamp is clamped on to the counter
Thermal energy, because the lamp increases the temperature of the water
Electrical energy, because the lamp is battery-operated
Sound energy, because the lamp vibrates when clicked on
What is the correct energy transformation (in order) when using the hair dryer? (a) (b) (c) (d)
A CHANGE from one type of energy to another is called (a)
Batteries have (a) energy that they change into (b) energy when plugged in
Toasting bread in a toaster would be (a) (b) energy to (c) energy.
During photosynthesis, plants change (a) energy into (b) energy
Batteries have (a) energy that they change into (b) energy when plugged in
chemical
electrical
kinetic
sound
light
heat
Which energy transformation occurs in a microwave? (a)
chemical->electromagnetic->Chemical
kinetic->chemical->Thermal
Electrical->Light->Chemical
Electrical->Electromagnetic->Thermal
Which energy transformation occurs as you use a microwave to cook your food? (a)
nuclear -> radiant -> thermal
electrical -> thermal -> chemical
nuclear -> thermal -> chemical
electrical -> radiant -> thermal
light and thermal energy
Electrical energy is transformed into light and thermal energy.
Light energy is being created
Electric energy is being destroyed
What energy takes place when you use a fan?
Electical to Mechanical, Sound, and Thermal
Mechanical to Electrical, Sound, and Thermal
Electrical to Sound and Radiant
Radiant to Sound and Electrical
What type of transformation is shown in the picture
potential to kinetic
kinetic to potential
potential to light
potential to sound
The energy in the picture is being transformed from ____ to ____.
Electrical to light
Electrical to solar
mechanical to sound
Thermal to Radiant
A change of energy from one form to another is called...
Kinetic Energy
Energy Transformation
Potential Energy
Energy Change
Students observe a glass of ice and water. The glass is dry on the outside. After ten minutes students see drops of water on the outside of the glass. Which statement best explains the students’ observations?
The water vapor in the air changes to a liquid when it touches the cold glass.
The cold water inside the glass rises and then slides down the outside of the glass.
The ice in the glass melted and caused the water to overflow the glass.
The water moved to the outside surface through tiny holes in the glass.
This is an example of ___________.
evaporation
Melting
Freezing
Condensation
The mirror fogging up while you take a shower is an example of __________.
boiling
evaporation
condensation
sublimation
click on condensation
Water vapor rises and condenses to form clouds.
Students chose objects to model the relative sizes of Earth and the moon. The objects are: Basketball, Soccer ball, Baseball, Tennis ball, Golf ball, Marble. Which set of objects best compares the sizes of Earth and the moon?
[Image: Basketball labeled Earth, Soccer ball labeled Moon]
[Image: Tennis ball labeled Earth, Marble labeled Moon]
[Image: Baseball labeled Earth, Tennis ball labeled Moon]
[Image: Golf ball labeled Earth, Baseball labeled Moon]
Macey is making a model of the Sun, Earth and Moon as seen in the picture. She chose a basketball for the Sun and a golf ball for the Moon. Which ball should she choose for the Earth?
Soccer Ball (A)
Tennis Ball (B)
Beach Ball (C)
Marble (D)
What is the position of the moon in relation to the Earth?
The moon orbits around the Earth
The moon orbits around the sun
The Earth and the moon orbit around the sun together
How does the size of the moon compare to the Earth?
The moon is larger than the Earth
The moon is about the same size as the Earth
The moon is smaller than the Earth
What is the primary position of the Earth in relation to the sun?
The Earth orbits around the sun
The Earth spins around the moon
The Earth and the sun orbit around the moon
Which celestial body affects the tides on Earth the most?
The sun
The moon
Both equally
Correctly label the Moon Phases on this diagram.
First Quarter
Third Quarter
Waning Gibbous
Waxing Gibbous
New Moon
Full Moon
Waxing Crescent
Waning Crescent
Label the moon phases that are waxing
NAME THAT PHASE!
waxing crescent
last quarter
new moon
waxing gibbous
When the moon is getting larger it is (a)
The name of this phase is (a)
Between the Sun, the Earth and the Moon, (a) has the most mass.
Label each moon phase on the diagram
NAME THAT PHASE!
waning crescent
full moon
first quarter
waning gibbous
Match the Moon Phase Names to their representation.
Third Quarter Moon
Waning Crescent Moon
Waning Gibbous Moon
New Moon
Waxing Crescent Moon
First Quarter Moon
Waxing Gibbous Moon
Full Moon
Name the moon phase (a)
Label the moon phases that are waning
Which question can scientists most likely answer from studying the fossil of the dinosaur?
What was the pattern on the skin of the dinosaur?
What was the type of food the dinosaur ate?
How fast was the heart of the dinosaur beating?
How many eggs were in the nest of the dinosaur?
(a)
Which is the decomposer?
Select the carnivores in this food web.
In rock layers shown in the picture, the oldest layer is (a) .
How many carnivores are shown in the food web?
Click the hotspot that would most likely include omnivores.
In the early 1600s, the astronomer Galileo used a telescope to make observations of Mercury and Venus. What are the positions of these planets in relation to the sun?
Mercury is the planet closest to the sun, and Venus is the second planet from the sun.
Mercury is the second planet from the sun, and Venus is the third planet from the sun.
Venus is the planet closest to the sun, and Mercury is the second planet from the sun.
Mercury is the third planet from the sun, and Venus is the planet closest to the sun.
Earth
Mars
Saturn
Jupiter
Sun
Earth
Mars
Saturn
Jupiter
Sun
A student prepared a snack that consisted of grapes, pecans, and strawberries sprinkled with white powdered sugar. The student stored the snack in a refrigerator. An hour later the student observed that the powdered sugar could no longer be seen but the fruit and nuts had not changed in appearance.
The sugar evaporated at the lower temperature in the refrigerator without causing any changes to the fruit and nuts.
The sugar was more dense than the other foods in the mixture, so it settled to the bottom of the container.
The sugar dissolved in the moisture on the fruit.
The sugar absorbed energy from the nuts and melted into a colorless liquid.
Click the image to read the question.
F
G
H
J
A type of mixture that forms when one substance dissolves in another is known as a
heterogeneous mixture
solution
solute
solvent
The chart lists plants and animals interacting with parts of an environment. Which statements describe an animal interacting with a living part of the environment?
Statements 1, 4, and 6 only
Statements 1, 3, and 5 only
Statements 2, 5, and 6 only
Statements 2, 3, and 4 only
All the living things in an ecosystem are the (a) factos. The nonliving things are (b) .
(a) - Organisms that have similar features and can reproduce.
(b) - A group of the same species that live in a certain area.
(c) - A combination of all the different populations that live and interact in the same environment
(d) - All the living and non-living things that interact in one specific part of the environment.
Match the following
Lion
Organism
Herd of Zebras
Population
Lions, Zebras, Gazelles, and Trees
Community
The water, the zebras, and the lions in an area.
Ecosystem
The entire planet.
Biosphere
Match the following examples of species interaction with the correct definition.
One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed
Commensalsim
Both species benefit
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
Primary consumers eating plants
Herbivory
Consumer
an animal or plant that eats other living things to survive
Producer
a plant that produces its own food, some of which will be passed through the food web
Decomposer
an animal or plant that digests and breaks down dead material
Match the following terms and definitions:
Producer
Autotroph
Autotroph
makes its own food; does photosynthesis
Consumer
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Eats other organisms to get nutrients
Niche
Role that organism has in environment
Match the following terms with their definition;
Abiotic
non-living
Biotic
living
population
group of the same species
community
all the populations in an area
ecosystem
the living & non-living in the same area
A student drew the following pictures to show the day-night cycle of Earth. Based on the pictures, how many hours should the student record on the nighttime picture to complete a day-night cycle?
A. 11 hours
B. 12 hours
C. 13 hours
D. 24 hours
It takes Earth (a) to rotate on its axis.
A student uses a flashlight to shine a beam of light on three different objects. Which table describes what happens to the light beam as it interacts with each object?
Object | Light Beam 1 | Scattered 2 | Absorbed 3 | Reflected
Object | Light Beam 1 | Refracted 2 | Absorbed 3 | Reflected
Object | Light Beam 1 | Reflected 2 | Absorbed 3 | Refracted
Object | Light Beam 1 | Absorbed 2 | Refracted 3 | Scattered
Light travels in a (a) line.
Look at this picture carefully. This is an example of
absorption
reflection
refraction
transmition
Reflection or Refraction
reflection
refraction
In 1859, Henry Bursill published a book of hand shadows. The picture below shows one of these hand shadows. Which property of light makes it possible to produce hand shadows?
Light can be refracted.
Light is a form of energy.
Light travels in straight lines.
Light can be separated into different colors.
In which ecosystem would forests of white oak trees be most likely to survive?
Ecosystem 1
Ecosystem 2
Ecosystem 3
Ecosystem 4
Which process do plants use to turn sunlight into food energy? (a)
Select the omnivore.
Which of these are most likely formed by the process shown?
Glaciers
Mountains
Sand dunes
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary Rocks form in
Layers
the desert only
underground
on top of water
Study the image of this rock. Which characteristic best supports its formation from sedimentary processes?
It has many layers.
It is coarse-grained.
Its grain shape is round.
Its texture is non-banded.
What type of rocks are formed from the processes seen in the picture?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Under normal conditions...
Undisturbed sediment is deposited in _____________ layers.
Vertical ( | )
Diagonal ( / )
Horizontal (-----)
Swirly (@)
A group of students is given four small cubes of the same size and instructed to place them in a beaker of water. One cube floats to the surface of the water. Two of the cubes float in the middle of the beaker under the surface of the water. The last cube sinks to the bottom of the beaker.
Two of the four cubes are soluble in water.
All four cubes have different masses.
Each cube is made of a different type of solid material.
One of the cubes is more dense than the other three.
A group of students builds a model showing the process of planetary differentiation, using liquids of different densities measured in grams per millimeter cubed. The table lists the liquids and their densities.
Match each color in the graduated cylinder to the letters in the table based on density.
The least Dense
White ball
The most dense
Silver ball
The liquid with the least density
Top Liquid
The liquid with medium density
Blue liquid
More dense than the blue layer but less dense than the clear layer
Black ball
Match the following:
Water has a density of 1. Calculate the likely density of each of the objects below:
A - yellow
0.87
B - orange
1.00
C - green
1.50
Where is the liquid that is the most dense?
This object (a) in water,
so we know its density is (b) .
Sinks
greater than 1
Floats
less than 1
The boat is (a) dense than water.
Label the liquids that are relatively less dense than another
If gasoline is poured carefully into liquid water, it will (a) because the density of (b) is less than the density of (c) .
gasoline
water
float
sink
Which effect would most likely occur if a six-lane highway were built through an ecosystem?
Competition for resources would be reduced.
Habitats available to animals would be reduced.
Air pollution would decrease.
Water pollution would decrease.
The development of towns and cities on previously natural areas is called
Urbanization
Deforestation
Ecological Footprint
Biodiversity
Burning of fossil fuels can increase (a)
Global Warming is MAINLY caused by...
...the Sun
...the Greenhouse Effect.
Students record characteristics of a tomato plant. One student's list is shown. Tomato Plant Characteristics • Stems with branches that have many wide leaves • Roots growing out of lower stem into the ground • Small yellow flowers • Seven large red tomatoes • Four small green tomatoes Which tomato plant characteristic is least likely to be inherited?
Flower color
Leaf shape
Type of roots
Number of tomatoes
The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring is called (a)
(a) is the transfer or passing of traits from one generation to the next generation.
Students investigate force. The masses they use begin at rest on the ramp. The setup the students use is shown. Which change will reduce the amount of force needed to move the masses?
Decrease the height of the ramp
Increase the height of the ramp
Add an additional mass
Pull the spring scale with two hands
When floating a ping pong ball with a hairdryer, which two forces are balanced?
The force pulling down is (a) . The force pushing up is (b)
Students list resources that are used to heat buildings. Which of these tables correctly classifies the resources?
Renewable | Nonrenewable Solar energy | Petroleum Wood | Natural gas | Coal
Renewable | Nonrenewable Solar energy | Coal Natural gas | Petroleum | Wood
Renewable | Nonrenewable Wood | Solar energy Coal | Petroleum | Natural gas
Renewable | Nonrenewable Petroleum | Solar energy Natural gas | Wood Coal |
Electricity produced by water
hydroelectricity
Energy produced by air blowing
wind energy
Power produced from the sun
solar energy
Match the resource with its definition
Power made using the heat of the earth
Geothermal power
Power made using the sun
Solar power
Power made using biological materials
Biomass power / fuel
Power made using water
Hydro power
Power made using wind
Wind Power
Renewable resources
Non-renewable Fossil Fuels
Wind Turbine
Solar Panel
Match the renewable and non-renewable resources.
renewable
solar
non-renewable
coal
renewable
wind
non-renewable
oil
renewable
water
A student mixes a sample of stones with a sample of table salt. The mass and volume of the samples were determined before mixing the samples. The mass and volume of each sample is shown. Material | Grams (g) | Milliliters (mL) Stones | 45 | 25 Salt | 40 | 35 Which statement is true about the mixture?
The mass of the mixture is 85 grams.
The mass of the mixture is 60 milliliters.
The volume of the mixture is 60 grams.
The volume of the mixture is 85 milliliters.
When you mix oil and water, the total mass of the mixture (a) .
What type of mixture is displayed in the picture above? (a)
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? (a)
Click on the area of the Venn diagram where this statement would best fit:
Parts are physically combined
There are two types of mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Which type of mixtures is evenly mixed throughout? (a)
Match the diagrams to their classification
Homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
Element
Compound
Different materials placed together, but each material keeps its own properties is a (a)
Mixture
Solution
Chemical Change
Physical Change
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Temperature
Mass
Volume
Click on the area of the Venn diagram where this statement would best fit:
One substance is spread evenly in another substance
A student’s model of a closed ecosystem is shown. The student plans to add land snails to the model in order to show how the snails interact with different parts of the ecosystem. What should the student add to the model so that the snails will survive?
Fish to provide food
Sticks to provide a place to hide
Deep water to provide carbon dioxide
Living plants to provide oxygen
Label the ecosystem
Label the ecosystem
pond
rainforest
tundra
desert
Match the following:
bio
living things
geo/litho
earth/rock/soil
atmo
sky/air
hydrosphere
water sources
All the living things and non-living things within a given area is called a(n) (a) .
Deltas are large landforms found along coastlines. What process forms deltas?
Cementation of sediments by rivers
Deposition of sediments by rivers
Erosion of sediments by ocean waves
Deposition of sediments by ocean waves
A (a) is the part of the river that fans out and empties into a larger body of water.
This is a photo of the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt. The green feature is an example of
an alluvial fan.
a river flooding its banks.
an ancient river.
What is land that builds up at a river’s mouth from sand and sediment carried down by the river’s flow called?
Mountain
Lake
River
Delta
Which statement does NOT describe how the body structures of these animals help them escape predators?
A. Paws with long claws on flexible toes help them climb trees.
B. Sharp teeth allow them to catch prey on land or in water.
C. Long tails allow them to balance on branches in trees.
D. Good eyesight helps them to see at night.
Which moth is better adapted to an environment with light trees?
camoflouge
The ability to blend in with your surroundings
antibiotics
A medicine that kills disease causing bacteria
variation
A difference among species that allows some to better survive
Darwin
The first person to recognize genetic variations
mutation
A change in an organisms DNA
A physical trait favored by an environmental change can be called an (a)
The process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and have offspring is called
(a)
When the environment changes, a helpful physical trait that helps an organism survive can be called an (a)
Which moth is going to have the reproductive advantage?
Look at the Image below. Which grasshoppers are going die faster in a green field? (a)
Select the Moth that is best suited for this environment
Sediments are transported at different speeds. Which type of sediment transport is the slowest?
Transport by rivers
Transport by winds
Transport by glaciers
Transport by ocean currents
This process in this diagram most likely represents (a)
The process of moving sediment from one place to another is called (a) .
(a) is the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity move pieces of rock and soil.
Over many years, the depth of a lake gets more shallow. What could cause this change?
The climate in the area gets warmer.
Sediments are deposited in the lake.
The Sun evaporates the water.
A hurricane brings heavy rains.
Open the picture and read and review it closely. Then answer the question.
How long did it take for the erosion to go from Diagram 1 to Diagram 3?
Many weeks
Many years
Many hundreds of years
Many millions of years.
What is erosion?
When sediment is transported from one place to another
When eroded materials are dropped or laid down.
when sediment or rocks are broken down
when rocks react with oxygen and water
What is erosion?
When sediment is transported from one place to another
When eroded materials are dropped or laid down.
when sediment or rocks are broken down
when rocks react with oxygen and water
_____________ is the process of moving water and wind to wear the land away, carrying sediment downhill to low points in the landscape where it collects.
Weathering
Erosion
Compaction
Cementation
Looking at this picture, we can see wind, water, and ice. These elements can move sediment during what process?
weathering
erosion
deposition
hurricane
Layers of sediment forming at the bottom of the ocean.
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
