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Worksheets8Acid-Base Balance: Regulation and Disorders in Human Physiology
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is the secondary support in regulation mechanisms?
Cellular Ion Exchange
Protein Synthesis
Nutrient Absorption
Cellular Respiration
What is Acidosis?
A condition where pH is greater than 7.45
pH < 7.35, can be respiratory or metabolic in origin.
A state of alkalinity in the body
A type of respiratory failure
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.25–7.35
7.35–7.45
7.45–7.55
7.55–7.65
What are the management strategies for Acidosis?
IV bicarbonate, fluids, treat cause.
Increase respiratory rate to eliminate CO2.
Administer insulin to lower blood sugar.
Use diuretics to remove excess fluid.
What are the steps for ABG Interpretation?
1. Check pH, 2. Check PaCO₂, 3. Check HCO₃⁻, 4. Identify primary disorder, 5. Assess compensation, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.
1. Check HCO₃⁻, 2. Check pH, 3. Assess compensation, 4. Identify primary disorder, 5. Check PaCO₂, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.
1. Check PaCO₂, 2. Identify primary disorder, 3. Check pH, 4. Assess compensation, 5. Check HCO₃⁻, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.
1. Identify primary disorder, 2. Check pH, 3. Check HCO₃⁻, 4. Calculate anion gap, 5. Assess compensation, 6. Check PaCO₂.
What is the immediate regulation mechanism?
Buffer Systems
Hormonal Regulation
Nervous System Control
Enzymatic Activity
What do Buffer Systems do?
Regulate temperature changes.
Resist pH changes.
Increase acidity levels.
Promote chemical reactions.
What is a Base?
Accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxyl ions (OH⁻).
Releases hydrogen ions (H⁺).
Is a substance that has a pH less than 7.
Is a compound that can conduct electricity in solution.
What is the regulation mechanism of the Renal System?
Fast (minutes to hours)
Moderate (hours)
Slow (hours to days)
Immediate (seconds)
What are the normal Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values for HCO₃⁻?
20–24 mEq/L
22–26 mEq/L
25–30 mEq/L
18–22 mEq/L
What is the regulation mechanism of the Respiratory System?
Slow (days to weeks)
Moderate (hours to days)
Fast (minutes to hours)
Very Fast (seconds)
How does the body respond to Acidosis?
Compensates to restore balance.
Increases acidity in the blood.
Decreases respiratory rate.
Reduces kidney function.
What are the normal Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values for PaO₂?
70–90 mmHg
80–100 mmHg
90–110 mmHg
60–80 mmHg
What is an Acid?
Releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.
Releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution.
Is a substance that has a pH greater than 7.
Is a compound that does not conduct electricity.
What are the management strategies for Alkalosis?
Volume/electrolyte replacement, stop causative drugs.
Increase sodium intake to boost blood pressure.
Administer diuretics to reduce fluid retention.
Encourage high-protein diet to enhance metabolism.
What are the properties of Acids?
Sour, pH < 7, slippery, turn blue litmus red, conduct electricity, release OH⁻.
Bitter, pH > 7, slippery, turn red litmus blue, conduct electricity, release H⁺.
Sour, pH < 7, slippery, turn red litmus blue, conduct electricity, release H⁺.
Sour, pH < 7, sticky, turn red litmus blue, do not conduct electricity, release OH⁻.
What are the clinical applications of ABG?
ICU monitoring
Routine blood tests
Physical examination
Patient history assessment
What are the normal Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values for PaCO₂?
30–40 mmHg
35–45 mmHg
40–50 mmHg
25–35 mmHg
What are the normal Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values for pH?
7.25–7.35
7.35–7.45
7.45–7.55
7.55–7.65
What is the pH Scale range?
0–14
1–10
0–7
5–15
