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WorksheetsCH. 27 & 89 Urinary System & Disorders IN BASIC NURSING
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 26mins
URINARY SYSTEM - CHAPTER 27
The nurse is reviewing the organs and functions of the urinary system with a client who is to have bladder surgery. What information should the nurse give to the client about the function of the urinary bladder?
Excretes wastes from the blood, balances body fluids, and forms urine
Conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for elimination
Serves as a reservoir for urine
Conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
What is the function of the loop of Henle?
Filters water, wastes (urea), glucose, and salts out of the blood
Glucose, amino acids, and salts are actively transported across membranes and returned to the blood
Concentrates salts by reabsorbing water
Reabsorbs sodium, water, and the remainder of glucose
What is the function of ADH in the maintenance of the body's homeostasis?
Assists in regulation of water balance
Important in blood pressure regulation
Promotes sodium and water retention
Increases kidney filtration and blood flow
What is the function of renin?
Assists in regulation of water balance
Important in blood pressure regulation
Promotes sodium and water retention
Increases kidney filtration and blood flow
Which condition results in insufficient production of erythropoietin?
Hypoxia
Cardiac disorders
End-stage renal disease
Anemia
What is the function of aldosterone?
Assists in regulation of water balance
Important in blood pressure regulation
Promotes sodium and water retention
Increases kidney filtration and blood flow
The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone responds to which levels of electrolytes? Select all that apply.
Low levels of calcium
Low levels of sodium
High levels of chloride
High levels of potassium
Low level of potassium
What is the function of the afferent arterioles?
Brings highly oxygenated blood to the kidneys
Supplies blood to the glomeruli
Carries blood away from the glomeruli
Empties blood into the inferior vena cava
What is the function of tubular secretion?
Process of removing particles from a solution by allowing the liquid solvent to pass across a barrier
Movement of wastes across glomeruli into Bowman's capsule
Reabsorption of most small proteins and peptides
Process by which substances move from blood into the urine
The nurse is reviewing the chemical difference between plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine with a group of nursing students. What components are involved in glomerular filtrate? Select all that apply.
Blood cells
Protein
Glucose
Urea
Water
The nurse is reviewing the difference between micturition and incontinence with a client. Which statement accurately explains the process of micturition?
The maximum of urine in the bladder
Waking up at night to void
Involuntary voiding on actions such as sneezing and coughing
Release of urine from the body
Which specific gravity of a urine sample confirms the presences of dehydration?
1.015
1.020
1.025
1.030
The client has been drinking 5,000 mL of fluid a day to attempt to flush a kidney stone. Based on this information, which specific gravity is most likely?
1.005
1.010
1.015
1.020
The nurse needs to consider the effects of aging on the urinary system. What nursing interventions are related to the effect of ageing on the urinary system? Select all that apply.
Monitoring the fluid intake and urinary output.
Assessing the client for dehydration.
Allowing one hour between the last fluid intake and bedtime.
Keeping a nightlight on to make nighttime bathroom visits safe.
Assessing the client for edema.
Which is the proper sequence for the pathway of urine in the kidney?
1. Afferent arteriole
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Loop of Henle4. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
5. Distal convoluted tubule
6. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
7. Collecting duct system
1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 7, 6
3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 6, 7
4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 7
Which are functions of the kidneys? Select all that apply.
Waste removal
Regulation of electrolytes by excretion
Conversion of vitamin B12 to a useful form
Maintenance of acid–base, and fluid and electrolyte balance
Regulation of electrolytes and reabsorption
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic nephropathy. The nurse should monitor the client for which urinary complication?
Increased incidence of urinary incontinence
Concentrated urine
Low blood pressure
Urinary retention
A nurse is caring for a client with history of nocturia who is confined to bed. What intervention should be implemented for this client?
Ensure fluid restriction during the day.
Have client refrain from drinking cranberry juice.
Assist the client in using incontinence pads.
Offer the bedpan frequently.
Which factor could result in stress incontinence?
Reduced bladder capacity
Decreased urine formation
Reduced renal blood flow
Loss of muscle tone
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Secretes aldosterone
Promotes water retention
Regulates blood pressure
Produces erythropoietin
URINARY DISORDER - CHAPTER 89
Which is a function of the lower urinary tract?
Filter by-products of metabolism.
Adjust fluid and electrolyte balance.
Deliver urine to the bladder.
Store urine until micturition occurs.
The nurse is assessing the urinary functioning of a client. Which conditions are most likely to result in alterations in kidney function? Select all that apply.
Staphylococcus infection
Uncontrolled hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Collagen/vascular disease
E.) Hypothyroidism OR F.) Bronchitis
The nurse is preparing a client for a cystoscope. What is the meaning of the prefix “cysto”?
Pertaining to the bladder
Pertaining to the kidney
Pertaining to the renal pelvis
Pertaining to the ureter
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client being evaluated for urinary functioning and notes that bilirubin is present in the urine. What condition would the nurse suspect?
Gout
Diabetes
Hepatitis
Calculi
A routine urinalysis is performed on a 59-year-old female client diagnosed with kidney disease and electrolyte imbalances. Which abnormality would the nurse suspect to be documented?
Abnormal pH
Abnormal specific gravity
Glycosuria
Ketonuria
The nurse is checking the laboratory results of a 76-year-old woman who had a urinalysis performed. The nurse notes that there is calcium in her urine. What condition does this abnormal substance in the urine signify?
Infection
Bone degeneration
Kidney disease
Hypertension
A nurse is caring for a client who reports frequent urination. When assessing the urinalysis report, the nurse should look for what component to confirm a normal urinalysis?
A specific gravity of 1.030 to 1.050
A pH level ranging from 12 to 16
Absence of glucose in the urine
Presence of red blood cells (RBCs)
A 48-year-old client is undergoing testing to confirm kidney disease. Which test uses a collected urine specimen to indicate glomerular filtration rate and renal insufficiency?
Urinalysis
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Uric acid studies
Creatinine clearance test
A 37-year-old male client presents at the emergency department reporting excruciating pain that comes in waves, along with nausea, vomiting, and chills. The nurse suspects the client has kidney stones. What test would be ordered to confirm or rule out this condition?
KUB flat plate of the abdomen
Uric acid studies
Cystogram
Renal arteriogram
A nurse is preparing a client for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). What intervention should the nurse be prepared to implement?
Keep the client NPO (nothing by mouth) for at least 4 hours.
Avoid the use of laxatives before the procedure.
Provide the client with only a few sips of water if thirsty.
Determine whether the client is allergic to shellfish.
A client is scheduled for cystoscopy to determine which of her kidneys is diseased. Which should the nurse consider when caring for this client?
Obtain a urine culture immediately after the test.
Help the client with sitz baths to ease voiding.
Report any blood-tinged urine following the procedure.
Keep the client NPO for 24 hours following the procedure.
A client is scheduled for a cystoscopy for removal of a kidney polyp. What nursing measure should the nurse undertake when caring for this client?
Ask the client to reduce salt intake for 2 weeks after the cystoscopy.
Make sure the client is not allergic to iodine dye before the cystoscopy.
Report any darkening urine after the cystoscopy.
Ask the client not to drink fluids immediately after the cystoscopy.
Following identification of a mass by imaging studies, a client undergoes a needle biopsy of the kidney for a specific diagnosis. Which should the nurse consider for this procedure?
Prepare the client for general anesthesia.
Place the client in a side-lying position.
Place a soft pillow under the client's abdomen.
Apply pressure to the site to minimize bleeding.
The nurse is preparing a client for urodynamic tests. Which component of this series is a noninvasive assessment of the status of micturition and generally the first test done in a urodynamic evaluation?
Uroflowmetry
Residual urine volume
Cystometrogram
Urethral pressure profile
A postoperative client is prescribed morphine to control pain related to knee replacement. The medication causes the client to be confused and agitated with attempts to get out of bed on her own. Restraints are ordered, which cause the client to be incontinent. What type of incontinence is this client experiencing?
True incontinence
Iatrogenic incontinence
Stress incontinence
Urge incontinence
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing urge incontinence. What should the nurse include in the client education?
Tell the client to perform Kegel exercises daily.
Ask the client to decrease fluid intake.
Ask the client to void small amounts frequently.
Tell the client to perform Credé maneuvers.
A 60-year-old female client experiencing stress urinary incontinence is not considered a good candidate for surgical repair of the problem. Her healthcare provider recommends a pessary. Which describes this treatment?
A small electrode connected to a generator is placed in the vagina or rectum.
The healthcare provider applies firm, gentle pressure above the bladder.
A device is inserted into the vagina to support the organs of the pelvis.
A computer is used to monitor how well the client does Kegel exercises.
A nurse is caring for a female client diagnosed with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). What intervention should the nurse implement with this client?
Instruct the client to take a bath with mild soap.
Tell the client to take vitamin D tablets daily.
Instruct the client to wipe the perineal area from back to front.
Instruct the client to void before and after intercourse.
A 28-year-old female client presents at the emergency department with a rapid onset of fever and chills, as well as flank pain, pyuria, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Laboratory results indicate bacteriuria, WBCs, and casts. These symptoms and lab results support which medical diagnosis?
Chronic cystitis
Acute pyelonephritis
Interstitial cystitis
Glomerulonephritis
A client is diagnosed with hydronephrosis. What occurs in this condition?
Urine forms, but the flow of urine from the kidney is obstructed.
Calculi and lithiasis form primarily in the kidneys.
Fibrous bands form along the ureters or the urethra, thereby narrowing it.
Multiple clusters of benign tumors form on the kidneys.
A nurse is caring for a client with renal calculi. What measure should the nurse employ for this client?
Encourage the client to drink at least 1 liter of fluids daily.
Strain all urine through a piece of gauze, cheesecloth, or strainer.
Ask the client to try to avoid ambulating, if possible.
Encourage the client to consume plenty of dairy products.
The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the incidence and etiology of nephromas. Which accurately describes this condition? Select all that apply.
Kidney tumors are almost always benign.
Kidney tumors occur more frequently in women.
Kidney tumors are rare in people under 30 years of age.
Some nephromas have a hereditary risk factor.
Clients over age 65 should be screened for this condition
The nurse discusses the risk factors of bladder cancer with a client who is being tested for the disease. Which is one of these risk factors? Select all that apply.
High alcohol consumption
Diagnosis of lung cancer
Exposure to UV rays
Frequent urinary tract infections
History of smoking
A nurse is caring for a client with an ileal conduit for urinary diversion following bladder removal. What intervention should the nurse be prepared to implement when caring for this client?
Change the conduit appliance daily.
Use a synthetic barrier cream that contains karaya.
Use a solvent to loosen the appliance during removal.
Wet the skin before applying the new appliance.
The nurse is caring for a client who has a urinary diversion in which the ureters are brought to the abdominal wall as a stoma. This is known as what type of diversion?
Ileal conduit urinary diversion
Cutaneous ureterostomy
Continent cutaneous diversion
Neobladder to urethra diversion
The nurse is caring for a client who diagnosed with renal failure. Which of the following is a characteristic of this disease?
Waste products are removed from the blood into the kidneys.
Azotemia occurs and potassium is retained in the blood.
The phases of renal failure are always characterized by overproduction of urine.
Abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphate are found in the blood.
The nurse monitoring clients for symptoms of renal failure knows that oliguria is common in the early phases of renal failure. How would the nurse describe this condition?
Urinary output is <400 mL in a 24-hour period.
Urinary output is >400 mL in a 24-hour period.
Urinary output has stopped altogether.
Urinary output is <100 mL/day.
A nurse is caring for a client during peritoneal dialysis as treatment for kidney failure. What measure should the nurse employ for this client?
Encourage the client to breathe deeply.
Cool the dialysate solution before use.
Allow the client to drink water before dialysis.
Leave the solution in the peritoneum for only 30 minutes.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving hemodialysis. During dialysis, what measure should the nurse be prepared to implement when caring for this client?
Check the shunt every 20 to 30 minutes for vibration.
Measure blood pressure on the nondominant hand.
Encourage the client to drink enough orange juice.
Keep two clamps on the dressing over the cannula.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving dialysis. An order on the client's chart reads “Guaiac all stools.” What should the nurse be prepared to do?
Monitor all stools for consistency and color.
Measure all stools to monitor the output.
Send all stools for occult blood test.
Send all stools for a culture and sensitivity test.
