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Chapter 3 Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The different macromolecules used by living things are:

a)

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

b)

Vitamins, minerals, water, and oxygen

c)

Sugars, salts, acids, and bases

d)

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and pigments

2.

All of life is built on _______.

a)

carbon

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

nitrogen

3.

Cells are composed of approximately what percentage of H2O?

a)

~72%

b)

~40%

c)

~85%

d)

~55%

4.

Cells are composed of approximately what percentage of carbon compounds?

a)

~25%

b)

~2%

c)

~50%

d)

~75%

5.

C atoms are versatile building blocks.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?

a)

4

b)

2

c)

6

d)

8

7.

The great diversity of organisms on the planet is due to the _______ of carbon.

a)

versatility

b)

rarity

c)

toxicity

d)

instability

8.

Carbon chains form the skeletons of most _______ molecules.

a)

organic

b)

inorganic

c)

metallic

d)

radioactive

9.

Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only _______ and _______.

a)

carbon and hydrogen

b)

carbon and oxygen

c)

hydrogen and nitrogen

d)

carbon and sulfur

10.

What are isomers?

a)

Compounds with the same molecular formula and same structures

b)

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

c)

Compounds with different molecular formulas

d)

Compounds with the same properties but different formulas

11.

Fill in the blank: Structural isomers have different _______ arrangements of their atoms.

a)

covalent

b)

ionic

c)

nuclear

d)

magnetic

12.

Cis-trans isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in their _______ arrangements.

a)

spatial

b)

atomic

c)

ionic

d)

magnetic

13.

Enantiomers are isomers that are _______ images of each other.

a)

mirror

b)

identical

c)

rotated

d)

parallel

14.

Which diagram shows a cis isomer?

a)

The diagram where the two Xs are on the same side

b)

The diagram where the two Xs are on opposite sides

15.

What are macromolecules?

a)

Small molecules composed of larger molecules

b)

Large molecules composed of smaller molecules

c)

Molecules that cannot be broken down

d)

Molecules found only in plants

16.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four classes of life's organic molecules that are polymers?

a)

A) Carbohydrates

b)

B) Proteins

c)

C) Nucleic acids

d)

D) Vitamins

17.

Fill in the blank: Most macromolecules are ________, built from monomers.

a)

polymers

b)

ions

c)

atoms

d)

crystals

18.

A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called ________.

a)

monomers

b)

polysaccharides

c)

nucleotides

d)

peptides

19.

Specific monomers make up each macromolecule.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Based on the heart puzzle diagram, what does the single puzzle piece represent?

a)

Polymer

b)

Monomer

c)

Lipid

d)

Carbohydrate

21.

Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions called _________.

a)

dehydration synthesis

b)

hydrolysis

c)

oxidation

d)

phosphorylation

22.

Polymers can disassemble by ________.

a)

hydrolysis

b)

condensation

c)

oxidation

d)

sublimation

23.

Which process involves the addition of water molecules to break down polymers?

a)

Dehydration synthesis

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiration

24.

Refer to the diagram labeled 'Dehydration Synthesis'. What is released as a byproduct during this process?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Water

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

Glucose

25.

Refer to the diagram labeled 'Hydrolysis'. What is required to break the bond between the monomers?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Water

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

Glucose

26.

What are carbohydrates also known as?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Saccharides

d)

Nucleic acids

27.

What is one of the main functions of carbohydrates?

a)

Long term energy storage

b)

Short term energy use

c)

Genetic information storage

d)

Hormone production

28.

Carbohydrates contain which elements?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, N, O

c)

H, O, N

d)

C, H, N

29.

The general chemical formula for carbohydrates is always in the form of _______.

a)

CnH2nOn

b)

CnHnOn

c)

CnH2nO2n

d)

CnH2n-2On

30.

What is the building block of carbohydrates called?

a)

Disaccharide

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Polysaccharide

d)

Lipid

31.

Which of the following are monosaccharides? (Select all that apply)

a)

Glucose

b)

Fructose

c)

Galactose

d)

Sucrose

32.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are isomers of each other.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

What is the chemical formula for glucose, fructose, and galactose?

a)

C6H12O6

b)

C5H10O5

c)

C12H22O11

d)

C2H6O

34.

A disaccharide is formed when two sugars are bonded together by a _______ linkage.

a)

glycosidic

b)

peptide

c)

ester

d)

phosphodiester

35.

Which of the following are examples of disaccharides?

a)

Sucrose

b)

Maltose

c)

Lactose

d)

All of the above

36.

Most names for sugars end in what suffix?

a)

-ase

b)

-ose

c)

-ine

d)

-ate

37.

Carbohydrates are classified by the number of carbons. What is a sugar with 6 carbons called?

a)

Pentose

b)

Hexose

c)

Triose

d)

Tetrose

38.

Carbohydrates are classified by the number of carbons. What is a sugar with 5 carbons called?

a)

Pentose

b)

Hexose

c)

Triose

d)

Tetrose

39.

Carbohydrates are classified by the number of carbons. What is a sugar with 3 carbons called?

a)

Pentose

b)

Hexose

c)

Triose

d)

Tetrose

40.

Fill in the blank: Glucose is an example of a ________.

a)

hexose

b)

pentose

c)

disaccharide

d)

lipid

41.

Fill in the blank: Ribose is an example of a ________.

a)

pentose

b)

hexose

c)

disaccharide

d)

lipid

42.

Fill in the blank: Glyceraldehyde is an example of a ________.

a)

triose

b)

pentose

c)

hexose

d)

disaccharide

43.

What is a monosaccharide?

a)

One sugar

b)

Two sugars

c)

Three sugars

d)

Four sugars

44.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a)

Sucrose

b)

Glucose

c)

Maltose

d)

Lactose

45.

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

a)

Glucose

b)

Fructose

c)

Galactose

d)

Sucrose

46.

Fill in the blank: Disaccharides are made up of ______ sugars.

a)

two

b)

three

c)

four

d)

five

47.

Monosaccharides may be linear, but can also form rings in aqueous solutions.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?

a)

Sucrose

b)

Lactose

c)

Maltose

d)

Galactose

49.

A long chain of sugars bonded together is called a _________

a)

polysaccharide

b)

monosaccharide

c)

lipid

d)

nucleotide

50.

Starch is used for the storage of energy in which type of organism?

a)

Animals

b)

Plants

c)

Fungi

d)

Bacteria

51.

Starch is a polymer consisting entirely of ________ monomers.

a)

glucose

b)

fructose

c)

sucrose

d)

galactose

52.

Cellulose gives plants ________ and strength.

a)

structure

b)

color

c)

sugar

d)

flowers

53.

Cellulose is a polymer of ________.

a)

glucose

b)

fructose

c)

ribose

d)

galactose

54.

Cellulose has different ________ linkages than starch.

a)

glycosidic

b)

peptide

c)

ester

d)

phosphodiester

55.

Glycogen is used for the storage of energy in ________ and fungus.

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

bacteria

d)

algae

56.

Glycogen is stored in the ________ and muscles.

a)

liver

b)

lungs

c)

kidneys

d)

stomach

57.

Which polysaccharide is found in plants and is used for energy storage?

a)

Glycogen

b)

Starch

c)

Cellulose

d)

Amylose

58.

Which polysaccharide is found in animals and is used for fast energy release?

a)

Glycogen

b)

Starch

c)

Cellulose

d)

Amylopectin

59.

Fill in the blank: Starch is a polysaccharide found in ______ and is associated with slow energy release.

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

bacteria

d)

fungi

60.

Fill in the blank: Glycogen is a polysaccharide found in ______ and is associated with fast energy release.

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

bacteria

d)

fungi

61.

Amylopectin is a branched form of starch.

a)

True

b)

False

62.

Which organelle stores starch in plant cells?

a)

Mitochondrion

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

63.

Which organelle stores glycogen in animal cells?

a)

Mitochondrion

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

64.

Which of the following statements is true about starch and cellulose?

a)

Starch is hard to digest, cellulose is easy to digest

b)

Starch is easy to digest, cellulose is hard to digest

c)

Both starch and cellulose are easy to digest

d)

Both starch and cellulose are hard to digest

65.

Fill in the blank: Only ______ can digest cellulose.

a)

bacteria

b)

humans

c)

fungi

d)

viruses

66.

What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose?

a)

Starch is made of α glucose, cellulose is made of β glucose

b)

Starch is made of β glucose, cellulose is made of α glucose

c)

Both are made of α glucose

d)

Both are made of β glucose

67.

Starch and cellulose are ______ of glucose.

a)

isomers

b)

polymers

c)

monomers

d)

enzymes

68.

In the digestion of starch, which type of glucose linkage is present?

a)

1-4 linkage of α glucose monomers

b)

1-4 linkage of β glucose monomers

c)

1-6 linkage of α glucose monomers

d)

1-6 linkage of β glucose monomers

69.

Cellulose is difficult to digest. What helps cows digest cellulose in their stomachs?

a)

Enzymes

b)

Microbes

c)

Water

d)

Acids

70.

Chitin, another important structural polysaccharide, is found in the exoskeleton of which organisms?

a)

Mammals

b)

Arthropods and fungi

c)

Birds

d)

Fish

71.

Chitin can be used as _________.

a)

surgical thread

b)

food preservative

c)

fuel additive

d)

plasticizer

72.

Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical thread that decomposes after the wound or incision heals.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

Are sugars essential for living?

a)

Yes

b)

No

74.

No sugar = no energy = _______.

a)

death

b)

happiness

c)

growth

d)

exercise

75.

What happens when the storage capacity for glycogen is reached?

a)

Glycogen is converted to protein

b)

Glycogen is converted to fat

c)

Glycogen is excreted

d)

Nothing happens

76.

Why was the conversion of glycogen to fat useful for early humans?

a)

It helped them run faster

b)

It provided energy when food was scarce

c)

It made them stronger

d)

It had no use

77.

Eating too many carbs is just the same as eating fried butter, covered in lard.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

What is the key advice given about eating carbs?

a)

Eat carbs in moderation.

b)

Avoid all carbs completely.

c)

Eat as many carbs as possible.

d)

Only eat carbs at night.

e)

Never eat carbs with protein.

79.

What elements do fats (lipids) contain?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, N

c)

C, H, O, N, P

d)

C, H, S

80.

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

a)

Long term energy storage

b)

Structural support (cell membranes, organs)

c)

Help start metabolic reactions

d)

Oxygen transport

e)

Insulation

81.

Lipids are a diverse group of ______ molecules.

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

c)

ionic

d)

polar

82.

What common trait do all lipids share?

a)

Being hydrophobic

b)

Being water-soluble

c)

Being made of amino acids

d)

Being ionic compounds

83.

The monomer of lipids is composed of ______ and ______.

a)

Glycerol and Fatty Acid

b)

Amino Acid and Peptide

c)

Nucleotide and Phosphate

d)

Monosaccharide and Disaccharide

84.

Which of the following is a function of lipids?

a)

Short term energy storage

b)

Long term energy storage

c)

DNA replication

d)

Protein synthesis

85.

What is shown in the diagram on the right side of the image?

a)

Protein structure

b)

Fatty acids & carboxyl group

c)

Nucleic acid

d)

Carbohydrate

86.

Saturated fats are ______ at room temperature, so these are your fats like butter.

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gaseous

d)

powdered

87.

Most saturated fats come from which sources?

a)

Animal sources (butter, cheese)

b)

Plant sources (olive oil, sunflower oil)

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above.

88.

Unsaturated fats are ______ at room temperature, which means they are an oil.

a)

liquid

b)

solid

c)

frozen

d)

gaseous

89.

All unsaturated fats come from which sources?

a)

Animal sources

b)

Plant sources (olive oil, sunflower oil, etc)

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

90.

What is the chemical difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

a)

BONDS

b)

ATOMS

c)

MOLECULES

d)

ISOTOPES

91.

What type of bonds do all carbons have in saturated fats?

a)

Double bonds

b)

Single bonds

c)

Triple bonds

d)

No bonds

92.

Saturated fats can stack on top of each other like bricks, which is why they are _____

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

gaseous

d)

sticky

93.

A key structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats as shown in the diagrams is:

a)

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have at least one double bond.

b)

Saturated fats contain more oxygen atoms than unsaturated fats.

c)

Unsaturated fats have more hydrogen atoms than saturated fats.

d)

Saturated fats have a bent structure, while unsaturated fats are straight.

94.

Unsaturated fats have kinks in their structure due to the _____ bonds, so they cannot stack nicely together, hence why they are liquid.

a)

double

b)

single

c)

ionic

d)

hydrogen

95.

In unsaturated fats, at least one carbon has a double bond and only bonds to two or three other elements.

a)

True

b)

False

96.

What are the components of a triglyceride?

a)

3 saturated fatty acids + glycerol

b)

2 fatty acids + glycerol + phosphate

c)

4 fused rings

d)

1 fatty acid + 1 glycerol

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