Greek Geography: Forced many to innovate using __________________________.

Greek Geography: Led to many _____ between city-states as good farmland was rare.

Greek Geography: On the coastline there are many great ________________ and many islands.

Greek Geography: Led to seafaring and ________________ being a major way of life.

Greek Geography: Greece is close to three seas.

Greek Geography: Poor farmland led to development of __________________________.

Greek Geography: Colonies grew ________________ that was sent back to Greece.

Greek Geography: On what little farmland there was, Greeks specialized in ________________, olive oil, raised bees to make honey, and raised sheep and goats since they do not need much ________________ land.

The Polis: Due to mountainous environment, Greek communities grew ________________ from each other.

The Polis: Each independent city-state was called a ________________.

The Polis: Built around a fort that overlooked the city (____________________).

The Polis: Had a downtown marketplace (____________________).

To the Greeks, any foreigner was referred to as a __________________________.

The Minoans were based on the island of ________________ from 2000 BCE to 1400 BCE.

Minoan society was built around ________________.

Capital city was at ________________ on Crete.

Mycenaeans controlled Crete and ________________ Greece from around 1600 to 1200 BCE.

Mycenaenas borrowed writing from the Minoans, called ________________, that eventually formed into the Greek language.

At first, most city-states were ______________________:

Monarchy: a government led by ______________________ where power is passed through ______________________ means, typically to the oldest son.

Then, monarchies were overthrown and ______________________ replaced them.

Oligarchy: a government led by a few elite ________________ where power is passed through hereditary means.

People grew tired of the rich, elite families in government and their ________________, and support someone with military experience to organize an ________________ of government.

Tyranny: a government led by a person who took the government by ________________. To be successful, a tyrant must have support of the ______________________.

Democratic government, however only male citizens could ________________.

Life based around arts, ________________, honoring the gods.

Economy based around ________________ and ________________.

Women cannot vote or own ________________.

Sparta had an ________________ government.

5 ________________ chosen each year to watch over the kings.

Spartan life based around military ________________, military skills, protection.

Spartan economy was based around ________________ and conquering.

Spartan women could own ________________ and enjoyed equal status as men.

The main part of the Greek army was called the ________________.

Greek armies would bunch up close with ________________ overlapping and ________________ straight out. It was a strong defensive position.

A Greek soldier was called a _________________. They trained for years to become great soldiers. They moved as one body -- a solid wall of bronze and spears.

Archers and ________________ would be employed also by the Greeks.

Athens wins at Battle of ____________________ and repels ________________ the Great and Persians.

His son ________________, vows to strike again.

________________ urges Athenians to bolster their navy.

At the Battle of ____________________, 300 Spartans fought valiantly to the end as they held off Xerxes army from attacking Athens.

The Persian Navy is defeated at the Battle of ____________________.

At the Battle of ____________________, the Greek victory ended the Persian Wars.

This ushers in the Greek ____________________.

Odyssey and Iliad were written by ____________________

Plays like Oedipus were written by ____________________

____________________ Fables told moral lessons and usually involved animals. Example: "The Tortoise and the Hare"

____________________ was built by Pericles to honor goddess Athena.

____________________: his theorem is used to find right triangle solutions.

____________________: invented the pulley and the lever.

____________________: father of modern Geometry.

Science: Who was the first astronomer?

Science: Eratosthenes: calculated circumference of ____________________.

History: Herodotus and Thucydides were the first ____________________.

History: Greeks believed that knowing the _________ was vital to society.

Government and Philosophy: ____________________ developed the Socratic Method: Q&A approach to engaging his students in learning.

Government and Philosophy: Solon: Invented idea of ____________________

Olympics: The first Olympic games were held at Greek city of ____________________.

Olympics: Original events: Boxing, Wrestling, Archery, Javelin, Track, Discus, Long Jump, High Jump, Hammer Throw, Shot-put, Chariot Races. Focused on ____________________ skills.

Olympics: All cities __________ war during the games. All athletes guaranteed safe travel during the games.

The Peloponnesian Wars: Athens sought to protect Greece from future attacks by creating ____________________. All city-state members paid ____________________ due to military protection.

The Peloponnesian Wars: Sparta grew tired of Athenian power and created rival ____________________ League.

The Peloponnesian Wars: Spartans win after blockading Athens, forcing residents to stay ________________ inside the city.

The Peloponnesian Wars: Leads to Athenian downfall, and eventually all of _________________ .

The Peloponnesian Wars: ________________ II of Macedon easily conquers the weakened _________________ .

North of Greece is a kingdom called _________________. It was being built up by a fierce warrior king named Phillip II of Macedon.

They were seen as barbarians by the Greeks and were known for their expert _________________ .

Alexander became king at age of ______ when his father died.

Alexander the Great's personal tutor was the famous philosopher _________________ .

In 334, Alexander invaded Asia Minor, modern day ________, His goal was to take over the whole Persian Empire.

Greeks used ________ to explain the world around them.

Like most ancient societies, the Greeks were ____________ and had many gods.

________________ God of the Sun, Poetry