Evelyn is learning about different types of cryptographic algorithms for her new job. She wants to understand how hash, symmetric, and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms differ. Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes them?

Sophia is setting up a secure online store and wants to ensure that her customers' information is safe during transactions. In which of the following ways can cryptography help her?

David is setting up a secure communication system for his company. He learns about cryptographic limitations and attacks. Which of the following best describes what David should be aware of?

Mia wants to send a secret message to Grace without anyone knowing that a message is being sent. What does steganography help Mia hide?

Emma is creating a presentation and wants to send a secret note to Mia without anyone else noticing. She decides to embed the note inside an image file. What kind of messages can be embedded in an image, audio, or video file like this?

Priya wants to send a secret message to her friend without anyone noticing. She decides to use an image file to hide her message. How can Priya hide the data in the image file using steganography?

Noah is learning about steganography and discovers that a common scheme is to hide data in the file header fields that describe the file, between sections of the ______.

Oliver wants to send a secret message to Maya so that no one else can understand it if they intercept it. What is the practice called that involves transforming ("scrambling") information so that its meaning cannot be understood by unauthorized parties?

Jackson wants to send a secret message to his friend. He decides to rearrange each letter of the message so that only his friend can understand it. Which cryptographic method is Jackson using?

In a secret message game, Liam replaces each letter in his note with another letter using a special code. In this substitution method, one letter is ______ for another letter.

Kai wants to send a secret message to Sophia so that no one else can read it. What is the process of changing the original text into a scrambled message called?

Daniel is sending a message to Ava over the internet. Before the message is encrypted, it is in the form of ________, which is unencrypted data that is input for encryption or is the output of decryption.

David sends a secret message to Mia using encryption. The scrambled and unreadable output that Mia receives before decrypting it is called ________.

Arjun is sending a message over the internet. The message is in a form that anyone can read, and it is not protected by any encryption. Fill in the blank: The message Arjun is sending is called ________.

David wants to securely send a confidential message to Lily over the internet. He uses a cryptographic algorithm that consists of procedures based on a mathematical formula to encrypt and decrypt the data. What is the term for this type of algorithm?

Emma wants to send a secret message to Maya. She uses a mathematical value entered into the algorithm to produce ciphertext. What is this value called?

Grace sends a secret message to Avery by encrypting it. The reverse process of encryption uses the key to decrypt the message so Avery can read it.

Noah and Kai are developing a secure messaging app. What is the critical factor they must consider in cryptography?

Mason is setting up a secure communication system. He wonders if the key for the algorithm must always be kept secret.

Harper writes a confidential memo about upcoming layoffs at the Lakeview store. Before she encrypts the message to keep it secure, what is the term for the readable message?

Aria wants to send a secret message to Michael using cryptography. She uses a key in the process. What is the purpose of the key in the cryptographic process?

Abigail needs to send a confidential memo to her manager. To protect the information, she converts the readable message into an unreadable form before sending it. Fill in the blank: The process of converting plaintext into an unreadable form is called ________.

Daniel sends a sensitive email to Noah and wants to make sure that only Noah can read its contents. What does 'Confidentiality' ensure in this scenario?

Ava sends a financial report to her manager and wants to make sure the information remains correct and unaltered during transmission. Which benefit of cryptography ensures this?

Scarlett sends an important email to Henry using a secure system. What does 'Authentication' ensure in this scenario?

Ava sends an important contract to her business partner online. Later, her partner wants proof that Ava was the one who actually sent the contract. Which benefit of cryptography ensures that Ava cannot deny sending the contract?

Abigail is developing a software application and wants to make her code difficult for others to understand or reverse engineer. What is the process of making something obscure or unclear in cryptography called?

David sets up a new security system for his small business. He believes that as long as no one knows how his system works, it will be secure, even if it has weaknesses. This approach is known as security through obscurity. Can virtually any system be made secure as long as outsiders are unaware of how it works?

Layla sends a confidential report to her colleague, but she encrypts the file so that only those with the decryption key can access its contents. What protection has she given to this report?

Layla wants to send a sensitive report to her colleague, but she wants to make sure that only those with the key can read it. She encrypts the document before sharing it. What protection has she given to this document?

Ava is studying for her cybersecurity exam. She learns that one of the three categories of cryptographic algorithms is ________ algorithms. What should she write in the blank?

Anika is studying for her cybersecurity exam. She learns that one of the three categories of cryptographic algorithms is ________ cryptographic algorithms. What should she write in the blank?

Daniel is studying for his cybersecurity exam and comes across a list of cryptographic algorithms. Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of cryptographic algorithms?

Anika wants to send a secret message to Emma. She decides to use a secure cryptographic algorithm that she can hand-calculate, which combines her plaintext message with a random key. What is this method called?

Abigail is learning about cryptography. Her teacher asks her, "Abigail, a pad is a _________." What should she answer?

Liam wants to send a secret message to Olivia using a one-time pad. To decipher the message, what must Olivia have?

Arjun is designing a secret code where each letter in a message is replaced with a different letter. Which type of cipher is Arjun using?

Scarlett is using a secure messaging app that encrypts her messages. The app uses a block cipher, which manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time.

Daniel is designing a digital lock system. He needs a function that can take a code of any length and generate a secure output string of any length he requests. Is it true that a sponge function can take as input a string of any length and return a string of any requested variable length?

Noah wants to ensure the integrity of a file he is sending to Luna. He uses a hash algorithm before sending it. What does the hash algorithm create?

Samuel is developing a secure messaging app. He uses a hash algorithm to create a unique fingerprint for each message to ensure its integrity. What is the fingerprint created by a hash algorithm commonly called?

Charlotte is developing a system to quickly check if two files are identical without comparing them byte by byte. She decides to use hashing for this task. In this context, hashing is primarily used for ________ purposes.

Kai wants to store passwords securely in a database. He learns that hashing is intended to be one way in that its digest cannot be reversed to reveal the original set of data. Is this true?

Noah is developing a secure system and needs to choose a hashing algorithm. He knows a hashing algorithm is considered secure if it has a fixed size, is unique, is original, and is secure (hash cannot be reversed to determine original plaintext).

Elijah is developing a secure online application and needs to choose a method for creating digital fingerprints of data to ensure its integrity. Which of the following is considered to be a secure hash algorithm?

Ava is setting up a secure system to store sensitive data. She needs to choose a secure hash algorithm for encrypting passwords. Which of the following should Ava select?

Isla is setting up a secure system to store passwords and needs to choose a secure hash algorithm. Which of the following should Isla select?

Grace wants to make sure that a file she sends to Arjun has not been ________ during transmission. She uses hashing as a check to verify the original contents.

James is verifying the integrity of a downloaded file named KeePass-2.53.zip. He checks the SHA-1 hash value displayed on the official website, as shown in the figure. What is the SHA-1 hash value for KeePass-2.53.zip?

What is the SHA-256 hash value for KeePass-2.53.zip as shown in the figure?

What is the file size of KeePass-2.53.zip as shown in the figure?

What do symmetric cryptographic algorithms use to encrypt and decrypt data?

Symmetric cryptographic algorithms are also called ______ because the key is kept private between the sender and receiver.

Symmetric cryptography can provide strong encryption if the key is kept secure between the sender and the recipient.

Which of the following is a strong symmetric cryptographic algorithm?

Blowfish and Twofish are examples of ______ cryptographic algorithms.

What is used to encrypt and decrypt the message in symmetric cryptography?

Refer to the diagram of symmetric (private key) cryptography. The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext is called _________.

Refer to the diagram of symmetric (private key) cryptography. Who receives the confidential memo after decryption?

What is the primary weakness of symmetric algorithms?

Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms use two mathematically related keys known as the _______ and the _______.

What is another name for asymmetric cryptography?

The public key is available to everyone and is freely distributed.

Who is the private key known to in asymmetric cryptography?

Fill in the blank: In asymmetric cryptography, a ________ consists of a public key and a private key that are mathematically related.

Which key in asymmetric cryptography is intended to be shared with others to enable secure communication?

Fill in the blank: In asymmetric cryptography, the ________ key must be kept secret and is used to decrypt messages encrypted with the public key.

In asymmetric cryptography, keys can work in both directions, meaning either key can be used to encrypt or decrypt data.

Who uses Alice's public key to encrypt the plaintext message?

Refer to the diagram of Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms. What key is used by Alice to decrypt the ciphertext?

In asymmetric cryptography, the sender encrypts the message using the receiver's ________ key.