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WorksheetsUnit 3: Industrial and Gilded Age
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 39mins
What was the Industrial Age?
A) A period when American business took off and expanded
B) A period when American business declined
D) A period of peace
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Industrial Age?
Factories
Immigration
Big business
Decline in urbanization
The Gilded Age happened during the ________ Age.
Industrial
Bronze
Information
What does 'corruption' mean?
When business, politics, etc. become dishonest and often bribery is involved
A type of machine
A kind of factory
Why is it called the Gilded Age?
Because the outside looked nice, but the inside was not.
Because it was a time of great equality for all.
Because gold was discovered everywhere in America.
Because it was a period of peace and no corruption.
Electricity was used to power machines that were used in ________.
factories
schools
hospitals
By using machines instead of people, factories were able to produce more goods at a ________ pace.
faster
slower
random
What did Thomas Edison invent?
The telephone
The first effective lightbulb
The radio
The steam engine
Who invented the telephone?
Thomas Edison
Alexander Graham Bell
Nikola Tesla
Henry Ford
The lightbulb is powered by ________.
electricity
water
wind
sunlight
What is kerosene used for according to the passage?
Kerosene is used in lamps with a flame for light.
Kerosene is used as a food ingredient.
Kerosene is used to water plants.
Kerosene is used to make clothes.
What does the word 'effective' mean?
To last longer
Developed or created something new
Produced the intended result
To be able to talk and share information
What does the word 'extended' mean?
To last longer
Developed or created something new
Produced the intended result
To be able to talk and share information
What did the Bessemer Process enable steel to be?
Produced more quickly and stronger.
Made more expensive and brittle.
Turned into gold easily.
Used only for decorative purposes.
Steel became more ________ and ________ due to the Bessemer Process.
affordable; accessible
expensive; rare
brittle; weak
heavy; unstable
What was steel used to build after the Bessemer Process was developed?
Skyscrapers and railroads.
Bridges and tunnels.
Ships and airplanes.
Dams and canals.
The Bessemer Process and other ________ made it possible for industries and ________ to grow.
technological innovations; Big Business
agricultural reforms; Small Farms
political movements; Local Governments
military strategies; Armed Forces
Within a few years, what did railroads do as a result of the Bessemer Process?
Railroads were connecting more places than ever before.
Railroads stopped expanding and reduced their routes.
Railroads switched entirely to steam-powered engines.
Railroads became less important for transportation.
Big Business —
something that is reasonably priced or not very expensive
readily available, able to obtain easily
the development of new technology that changes a process
large businesses that are for profit and during the Industrial and Gilded Ages heavily involved in politics
Who are entrepreneurs?
People who used their own money and took financial risks to build businesses and industries
People who regulate the economy
People who purchase other companies
People who grow quickly
Vertical Integration is when _________
one company purchases another company that does either the step before or after them (e.g., a mining company may be purchased by a smelting company)
a company merges with a competitor to increase market share
a company outsources its production to a foreign country
a company sells its products directly to consumers without intermediaries
Horizontal Integration is when _________
a company purchases other companies that do the same thing (e.g., a mining company purchasing another mining company)
a company expands its operations into different industries
a company merges with suppliers or distributors
a company outsources its core business functions
Laissez-Faire is when the government is hands-off and stays out of business.
True
False
The economy was able to regulate itself and production was based on supply and demand.
True
False
What is the main purpose of Vertical and Horizontal Alignment in business?
To grow companies and run other companies out of business
To regulate the economy
To take financial risks
To maintain and operate normally
What does the term 'Laissez-Faire' refer to in the context of U.S. government policy?
A hands-off approach to the economy by the government.
A policy of government control over all businesses.
A system of high tariffs and trade barriers.
A focus on government-funded social programs.
Corruption in business can most often be found in which of the following?
Bribes
Creating monopolies
Abuses
All of the above
What is the definition of 'bribes' as they happened in political machines.
Giving money or promising to do something in return for a favor.
Refusing to accept any gifts or favors.
Reporting illegal activities to authorities.
Volunteering for community service without expecting anything in return.
Monopolies are when you control the entire supply of a service or product.
True
False
Entrepreneurs began to take advantage of Laissez-Faire by:
Organizing and managing new businesses with their own money
Avoiding risks
Relying on government funding
Closing businesses
What happened to businesses that were in competition with big business during the formation of monopolies?
They either closed or sold to big business.
They formed alliances with labor unions.
They expanded into international markets.
They received government subsidies.
What did the government eventually do about monopolies?
Encouraged them
Made them illegal
Ignored them
Supported them
What is a trust?
When one company owns several smaller companies
When the government owns all companies
When companies compete fairly
When companies are illegal
Trusts were monopolies in ________. (Fill in the blank)
disguise
public
danger
law
What was the purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
To encourage trusts
To end trusts (or break-up monopolies)
To support monopolies
To help immigrants
Political Machines developed with the rise of Big Business and the large number of ________ coming into the country.
immigrants
factories
politicians
railroads
Define: Political Machine
An organization controlled by a boss and has the support of a group who votes the way the boss tells them to, often the voters are given favors for their votes.
A government agency responsible for enforcing laws and regulations.
A type of voting system where each person has multiple votes.
A political party that only exists during election years.
Fill in the blank: ______ means money earned for a job.
Wages
Expenses
Loans
Bills
Who were some of the entrepreneurs who grew rich and powerful during the Industrial and Gilded Ages?
Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt
Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, Henry Ford, Alexander Graham Bell
Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos
Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Page, Sergey Brin, Sundar Pichai
What term describes entrepreneurs who took advantage of both their customers and employees and used ruthless business tactics to get what they wanted?
Captains of Industry
Robber Barons
Philanthropists
Innovators
Fill in the blank: Captains of Industry made large amounts of money and made ________ to society during the Industrial and Gilded Ages.
contributions
complaints
threats
demands
Andrew Carnegie owned the ________ Steel Corporation.
Carnegie
Morgan
Rockefeller
Vanderbilt
Robber Barons often used ruthless business tactics to get what they wanted.
True
False
What does the term 'ruthless business tactics' mean?
They did what they had to do even if it was wrong, often cruel and without mercy
They always followed the law
They were always kind to their employees
They donated all their profits to charity
Who owned Standard Oil and controlled almost all of the production of oil?
J.P. Morgan
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
J.P. Morgan is considered to be a Captain of Industry and a _________
Robber Baron
Philanthropist
Entrepreneur
Bank Teller
Cornelius Vanderbilt created a shipping and railroad empire.
True
False
As Big Business and Industry grew, what happened to the gap between the rich and the poor?
It decreased
It stayed the same
It grew
It disappeared
What is the name of the essay or paper written by Andrew Carnegie that discussed the responsibility of wealthy people to help those less fortunate?
The Gospel of Wealth
The Wealth of Nations
The Social Contract
The Spirit of Philanthropy
Giving back and making charitable donations is called what?
Philanthropy
Geography
Astronomy
Photography
Many Captains of Industry practiced philanthropy.
True
False
What are Push Factors for immigration?
Push Factors for immigration are things that make people want to leave a country, usually bad things like war, famine, poverty, unemployment, political unrest, religious persecution, censorship, etc.
Push Factors for immigration are things that attract people to a new country, such as job opportunities, better living conditions, and freedom.
Push Factors for immigration are government policies that encourage people to stay in their home country.
Push Factors for immigration are cultural celebrations that promote national pride and unity.
Famine is when there is not enough food for everyone or a shortage of food, causing widespread starvation.
True
False
Poverty is ________.
not making enough money to pay for even standard things like housing and food
having an abundance of luxury goods
earning more than enough for all expenses
living in a mansion with servants
Unemployment means ________.
being without a job
earning a high salary
owning a business
retiring early
Political Unrest is when ________.
the government is unstable
the weather is pleasant
everyone agrees on policies
the economy is booming
Fill in the blank: Pull Factors for immigration are things that make people want to go to ________ country.
another
their own
the same
a nearby
Which of the following is NOT usually considered a pull factor for immigration?
A) Political stability
B) No wars
C) Employment opportunities
D) Lack of food
What is a labor union?
A group of business owners
Workers who joined together due to common interests
A type of sweatshop
A group of skilled immigrants
True or False: Most Gilded Age factory workers were paid low wages and had to work long hours.
True
False
Why did labor unions form?
Labor unions formed because workers wanted to create safer working conditions, increase pay, and reduce their work hours.
Labor unions formed to help employers increase profits and reduce employee benefits.
Labor unions formed to encourage longer working hours and lower wages.
Labor unions formed to eliminate all workplace rules and regulations.
Leaders of the Labor Unions spoke out against Big Business for getting rid of competition, unsafe working conditions, and for paying very low wages.
True
False
By joining a union, what were members able to do with their employers?
Work longer hours
Have collective bargaining
Receive immediate raises
Avoid strikes
True or False: Immigrants faced crowding, disease, and unsanitary conditions in cities.
True
False
What was the name of the infamous political machine boss in New York City during the Gilded Age?
Charles Guiteau
William "Boss" Tweed
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Charlie Goodnight
Why was the Pendleton Act passed by President Arthur?
To stop Chinese immigrants from coming into the U. S.
To put Native Americans on reservations
For Civil Service reform and exams for civil service jobs
To stop Easterners from moving out West
What was the purpose of Hull House?
It provided social services to the community and helped immigrants adapt to society.
It was a place to help farmers hull peas.
It held immigrants to a higher standard of work ethics.
It housed Native Americans during assimilation.
Who founded Hull House?
Lucius Quintus Cincinattus Lamar
Ida B. Wells
W. E. B. Dubois
Jane Addams
Select which traits were a part of urban life during the Gilded Age (multiple answers will be selected).
disease
overcrowding
health
tenement housing
Nativism
What is the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas forming cities; people are typically moving from rural areas to urban areas.
camponification
gentrification
urbanization
electrification
Why were people like those shown in this image hopeful about their future?
Nativism and Social Darwinism were expanding in American cities.
The U.S. social security system provided financial and medical benefits.
There were many jobs and business opportunities in America.
American cities had large and comfortable tenement apartment buildings.
What are civil service jobs?
legal jobs
bank jobs
government jobs
railroad jobs
How were children affected by child labor during the Gilded Age? (Select multiple answers).
They had to work 11-12 hour days.
They often got plenty to send home to their families.
They often got hurt or killed by accidents on the job.
They were underpaid.
They often got promoted when they got older.
