A technological application that uses living organisms, biological systems, or their derivatives to produce or modify other products

A method of growing plants without soil

A process of creating synthetic materials

A technique for preserving food using chemicals

organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen

organism that thrives in high oxygen environments

organism that can survive with or without oxygen

organism that requires oxygen for growth

A chemical compound that promotes cell growth

A biological substance produced by a microbe that is toxic to other microbes

A type of vaccine used to prevent infections

A synthetic drug used to treat viral infections

polymer associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria

a type of lipid found in bacterial membranes

a carbohydrate found in fungal cell walls

Contains mainly peptidoglycan in its cell walls; also contains teichoic acid

Has an outer membrane and low peptidoglycan content

Is primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides

Is resistant to antibiotics due to a thick capsule

Material composed of polysaccharide chains cross-linked to unusual peptides; found only in bacterial cell walls

A type of lipid found in fungal cell membranes

A protein that aids in cellular respiration

A carbohydrate that serves as an energy source for plants

All of the microbes (bacteria, viruses, and so on) with all of their genes in a community

A type of bacteria that causes disease

The study of microorganisms and their effects on humans

A collection of viruses that infect plants

A toxic component (LPS) of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria

A type of antibiotic produced by gram-positive bacteria

A protein that helps in the formation of biofilms

A carbohydrate found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria

attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes

structures that help in locomotion of eukaryotic cells

cellular components involved in energy production

protective layers found in bacterial cells

organism that grows at temperatures between 80-122 °C

organism that thrives in cold environments

organism that requires high salt concentrations

organism that can survive in extreme pressure

A structure that regulates movement of materials and contains enzymes important to cellular respiration

A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection

A site for protein synthesis and energy production

A barrier that prevents all substances from entering the cell

carbohydrate and protein coat on prokaryotes; less defined slime layer on all cells; some have larger tightly-bound capsules

lipid bilayer that forms the cell membrane in eukaryotes

protein structure that aids in cell division

nucleic acid structure that stores genetic information

organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds

organism that consumes organic material for energy

organism that relies on chemical energy from inorganic substances

organism that can survive without sunlight or organic compounds

organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon; most bacteria; animals, protists and fungi

organism that can produce its own food using sunlight; plants and some bacteria

organism that derives energy from inorganic compounds; some bacteria and archaea

organism that can survive on minimal nutrients; some fungi and bacteria

process by which a prokaryote takes in DNA found in its environment that is shed by other prokaryotes

a method of cell division in eukaryotes

the conversion of one form of energy to another

the process of synthesizing proteins from amino acids

process by which prokaryotes move a plasmid from one cell to another using a pilus

a method of asexual reproduction in plants

the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote

the process of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells

requires oxygen to grow

can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

does not require oxygen for growth

grows best in low oxygen environments

grows best if oxygen is present, but can also grow without it

requires oxygen to grow and cannot survive without it

grows only in the absence of oxygen

can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions but prefers high temperatures

spiral bacteria

spherical bacteria

rod-shaped bacteria

filamentous bacteria