the amount of a substance dissolved (solute) in another substance (solvent)

the total volume of a solution

the temperature at which a solution boils

the pressure exerted by a gas in a solution

a type of transport that moves molecules against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), which requires energy in the form of ATP

a passive process that allows molecules to move from high to low concentration without energy

a method of transporting water across cell membranes using energy

a type of transport that only occurs in plant cells during photosynthesis

A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

The type of lipid that makes up the majority of the cell membrane. Consists of a polar (hydrophilic) head and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails.

A protein that helps in the transport of molecules across the cell membrane.

A nucleic acid that stores genetic information.

Describes the cell membrane; it selects what it will allow in or out

Refers to the ability of a cell to divide and replicate

Indicates that all substances can freely pass through the membrane

Describes the process of active transport in cells

a type of active transport that requires energy

a type of passive transport where larger, polar molecules are moved down the concentration gradient using membrane proteins

a process that moves small, nonpolar molecules against their concentration gradient

a method of transporting ions through the cell membrane using ATP

A structure made of a single phospholipid layer

Made of two phospholipid layers, called the phospholipid bilayer

A rigid structure that protects the cell

A component that only allows water to pass through

There is more water inside the cell than outside, which leads to water leaving the cell, causing the cell to shrink/shrivel

The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, leading to no net movement of water

There is more water outside the cell than inside, causing the cell to swell

The cell remains unchanged as water moves in and out at an equal rate

the difference in concentration between two areas, such as between the inside and outside of the cell

the process of moving substances against their concentration gradient

the equal distribution of molecules in a solution

the rate at which molecules move from one area to another

a type of active transport that moves large, polar molecules against the concentration gradient

a type of passive transport that moves small, nonpolar molecules down the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration)

a process that requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration

a method of cellular communication between adjacent cells

a type of active transport that moves nutrients across a semi-permeable membrane

a type of passive transport that moves WATER across a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient

a process that requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient

a method of cell division that involves the splitting of the nucleus

movement of molecules from low to high concentration that requires energy

movement of molecules from high to low concentration that does NOT require energy

movement of molecules against the concentration gradient that requires energy

movement of molecules from high to low concentration that requires energy

a type of passive transport where molecules move OUT of the cell

a type of active (bulk) transport where large molecules, or large amounts of molecules, are brought INTO the cell

a process that only occurs in plant cells for nutrient absorption

a mechanism for the release of waste products from the cell

water is balanced on both sides of the cell

water moves into the cell causing it to swell

water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink

the cell is in a hypertonic solution

There is less water inside the cell than outside, which leads to water rushing into the cell, causing the cell to expand and possibly burst

The concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside, leading to water moving out of the cell

The cell maintains an equal concentration of solutes and water inside and outside

The cell shrinks due to excessive water loss from inside to outside

A mechanism that allows sodium ions to flow freely into the cell

An example of passive transport where ions move down their concentration gradient

An example of active transport where sodium ions are pumped against the concentration gradient outside the cell and potassium ions are pumped into the cell against their concentration gradient

A process that occurs only in plant cells to maintain turgor pressure

a type of passive transport where molecules ENTER the cell

a type of active (bulk) transport where large molecules, or large amounts of molecules, EXIT the cell

a process that occurs only in plant cells to release oxygen

a method of cell division that involves the splitting of the cell membrane