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WorksheetsCalcium and phosphorus imbalances
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 14mins
Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium in the body?
A) Blood clotting
B) Transmission of nerve impulses
C) Muscle contraction
D) Production of insulin
Calcium needs active Vitamin D for absorption.
True
False
Total calcium levels increase or decrease with serum albumin levels.
True
False
PTH increases serum calcium level by which of the following mechanisms?
Increasing bone resorption
Increasing GI absorption
Increasing renal reabsorption
All of the above
Calcitonin decreases serum calcium level by which of the following mechanisms?
Increasing calcium deposition in bone
Decreasing GI absorption of calcium
Increasing renal excretion
All of the above
PTH and calcitonin have opposite effects.
True
False
What is the defining value for hypercalcemia?
> 8.5 mg/dL
> 10.5 mg/dL
> 12.0 mg/dL
> 9.0 mg/dL
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
Thiazide diuretics
Cancers
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal failure
Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of hypercalcemia?
Lethargy
Increased muscle excitability
Bone pain
Anorexia
Hypercalcemia acts like a sedative and decreases muscle and nerve excitability.
True
False
Which of the following is a cardiac manifestation of hypercalcemia?
Tachycardia
Slowing down heart rate
Decreased blood pressure
Increased reflexes
Which intervention is important for the prevention of kidney stones in hypercalcemia?
High calcium diet
Hydration
Bed rest
Decreased fluid intake
For severe hypercalcemia, which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention?
Administration of IV NSS
Bisphosphonate
High calcium diet
Monitor patient for fluid overload
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Vitamin D toxicity
Match the following manifestations of hypocalcemia with their descriptions:
Muscle cramps/tetany
Sustained muscle contraction
Irritability, confusion
Mental status changes
Laryngeal or bronchial spasms
Spasms of the airway
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypocalcemia?
Diarrhea
Low albumin
Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics
Which of the following is NOT an essential function of phosphate?
Muscle function
RBCs
Nervous system
Vision
What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate levels in the body?
Direct
Reciprocal
No relationship
Random
Renal function is important to maintain phosphate balance.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT a cause (etiology) of hyperphosphatemia?
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Excess phosphate intake
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Which of the following is a management strategy for hyperphosphatemia?
Increase phosphorus-containing foods
Restrict phosphorus-containing foods
Avoid IV fluids
Induce hypocalcemia
Hemodialysis is used as a management option for severe hyperphosphatemia.
True
False
Which agent is used as a phosphate-binding agent in the management of hyperphosphatemia?
Oral calcium carbonate
Potassium chloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Magnesium sulfate
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypophosphatemia?
Increased intestinal absorption
Increased urinary excretion
Malabsorption
Diarrhea
Clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemia are mostly due to:
Increased cellular energy
Impaired cellular energy & O2 delivery
Excess phosphate
Hypercalcemia
CNS depression, such as confusion and coma, is a severe manifestation of hypophosphatemia.
True
False
Severe hypophosphatemia is managed by:
Oral phosphate only
IV administration of sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate
No treatment needed
Increased water intake
