A(n) (a)   may be used to directly measure the thermistor resistance.

Thermistors are selected with a (a)   that includes all of the possible process temperatures to be measured.

A(n) (a)   may be used to directly measure the RTD resistance.

The Temperature Coefficient of Resistance for an RTD usually conforms to either a(n) (a)   or American standard.

The change in the output compared to the input, or the amount of amplification, is referred to as (a)   .

The operating point, set by biasing, is also known as the quiescent, or (a)   point.

(a)   convert a small signal into a larger signal by increasing the magnitude of either the input signal's current or voltage.

Typically, adjusting the gain in a transistor amplifier circuit is as simple as turning a(n) (a)   .

It is possible for a load device to "pull down" an amplifier signal and give the appearance of a(n) (a)   amplifier.

A linear (a)   circuit is a transistor circuit with the individual components combined into a single package or chip

Since op-amps have a very high gain, usually greater than 10 to the power of 8, they are driven into (a)   with only a slight input differential.

A closed-loop op-amp circuit is created by adding a(n) (a)   loop from the op-amp's output to either its inverting or non-inverting input.

The effect of the feedback loop is a gain that results in an output that is (a)   to the input.

To calculate gain, determine if the closed-loop circuit is (a)   or non-inverting.

Noise from input signal devices is (a)   by the operational amplifier circuit and transferred to the output.

FETs can switch faster because voltage control generates less (a)   than current control, which slows the transistor's ability to switch.

FETs use (a)   control rather than current control, which provides faster switching than their bipolar counterparts.

There are two main categories of FETs, junction field effect transistors (JFET) and __________.

FET (a)   circuits are commonly used in triggering, speed control, and power supply circuits.

In most industrial applications it is more time effective to use a(n) (a)   than an oscilloscope to test the FET speed control circuit input and output signals and load device.

Switching power supplies use PWM devices to provide a guaranteed constant regulated (a)   voltage output within a range of varied AC input voltages.

Noise is produced by (a)   and random current fluctuations generated in electronic circuits, and by external components such as noise from the utility grid, and ambient temperature.

If the switching power supply is malfunctioning in industry, the entire unit would be (a)   .

A (a)   thyristor only conducts current in one direction between its two main terminals.

Thyristors provide (a)   switching in applications such as motor speed control, variable power for heating and lighting elements, and inverters.

A working SCR switching circuit uses an SCR to provide (a)   to a load when it is switched by a control signal to its input.

Testing an SCR switching circuit requires the use of a(n) (a)   and a basic understanding of the operation of an SCR switching circuit.

Testing a triac switching circuit requires the use of a(n) (a)   and a basic understanding of the operation of a triac switching circuit.

When there is no gate voltage, the IGBT (a)   and does not send current to the load.

The __________ is the portion of the positive half of the AC supply voltage waveform that is allowed to pass through the SCR circuit to the load.

An SCR phase control circuit uses an SCR and a triggering circuit to control the amount of (a)   available for a DC load.

SCR speed control circuits are basically SCR switching circuits with more sophisticated (a)   and an AC supply voltage.

The (a)   voltage of an AC waveform is zero because each negative half cycle offsets each positive half cycle of voltage.

Testing a triac phase control circuit requires the use of a(n) (a)   , an oscilloscope, and a basic understanding of the operation of a triac phase control circuit.

The (a)   and load are tested with the circuit de-energized, and then additional tests are performed after the circuit is energized.

Triac phase control circuits are basically triac (a)   circuits with more sophisticated triggers and an AC supply voltage.

A triac is a (a)   thyristor.

The DC level of the power command varies the delay and (a)   angles used by the triggering circuit to trigger the triac.

A pressure sensor measures a(n) (a)   pressure across two inputs.

Gauge pressure transducers measure the pressure difference between the process and the (a)   .

Strain gauge pressure sensors typically use a(n) (a)   as the pressure sensing element.

(a)   pressure sensors are the most popular because of their low cost and wide sensing range.

If an isolation valve is not installed with a sensor, the process (a)   must be drained before removing a sensor to prevent the escape of process fluid.

Pressure (a)   are holes in a tank or pipe that allow sensors to measure the fluid or air pressure inside.

The supply voltage to a working pressure sensor is confirmed by measuring the supply voltage at the sensor using a(n) (a)   .

An ultrasonic sensor measures distance using the travel time of a(n) (a)   pulse.

Ultrasonic transducers use (a)   crystals that vibrate and create an ultrasonic pulse.