WorksheetsTest - Unit 2: "Biological Bases of Behaviors"
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 28mins
What is sleep?
A permanent loss of consciousness
A state distinct from coma, anesthesia, or hibernation involving periodic loss of natural consciousness
The same as coma
Continuous brain activity without rest
During dreaming, why don’t we physically move our limbs?
The motor cortex is inactive
The brain stem blocks motor command signals
The eyes prevent movement
We are paralyzed due to muscle fatigue
What causes rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep?
Muscle inactivity
Connection of eye muscles directly to the brain
Brain stem paralysis
NREM-3 deep sleep
What regulates our 24-hour sleep-wake cycle?
Blood pressure
Circadian rhythm based on sunlight
Random brain activity
Motor cortex signals
If a person is woken during NREM-2 or NREM-3, they will likely feel:
Refreshed
Groggy and tired for 30-60 minutes
Energetic and alert
No different than usual
Narcolepsy is characterized by:
Difficulty falling asleep
Uncontrolled bouts of falling asleep
Temporary stopping of breath during sleep
Extreme fright during sleep
Night terrors are most common in:
Adults over 40
Boys aged 3-12
Teenagers
Infants under 1 year
Sensory experiences during sleep:
Do not affect dreams
Are always blocked by the brain
Can be incorporated into dreams, like feeling cold or wet
Make dreaming impossible
According to Freud, the content of dreams represents:
Literal events only
Random brain activity
Unconscious wishes and desires
Physical sensations
Which of the following is NOT a theory about the function of dreams?
Satisfying wishes
Filing away memories
Developing neural pathways
Suppressing all brain activity
Déjà vu is:
A rare neurological disease
The feeling of having already experienced a situation before
A type of sleep disorder
A hallucination caused by drugs
Which statement about déjà vu is true?
It is abnormal and dangerous
It is common and most frequent in teens and young adults
It occurs only in people with epilepsy
It increases with age
Psychoactive drugs:
Have no effect on perception or mood
Change perceptions and moods by altering brain function
Are always illegal
Are the same as vitamins
Addiction is:
The inability to stop using a drug despite negative consequences
A mild dislike of a drug
Only physical dependence without mental effects
Rarely seen with psychoactive drugs
Which of the following is NOT a depressant?
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Opiates
Cocaine
Alcohol acts as a:
Stimulant
Hallucinogen
Dis-inhibitor that slows brain activity controlling judgment
Painkiller
Barbiturates are:
Stimulants that increase brain activity
Tranquilizers that can cause sedation and even death in large doses
Illegal drugs with no medical use
Used to increase alertness
Opiates:
Mimic endorphins and cause euphoria and pain relief
Are stimulants that speed up body functions
Cause hallucinations
Have no withdrawal symptoms
Stimulants:
Slow down neural activity
Excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Always cause hallucinations
Are not addictive
Hallucinogens:
Reduce sensory perception
Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input
Are a type of depressant
Have no effect on the brain
Which hormone is primarily responsible for making us feel sleepy at night?
Melatonin
Adrenaline
Insulin
Serotonin
What is the main characteristic of REM sleep?
Slow heart rate and deep breathing
Rapid eye movements and vivid dreams
Complete muscle activity
Absence of brain activity
Which of the following best describes sleep apnea?
Sudden loss of muscle tone during waking hours
Repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep
Excessive daytime sleepiness without cause
Frequent nightmares in adults
Which of the following is a common symptom of insomnia?
Excessive daytime energy
Difficulty staying asleep or falling asleep
Vivid hallucinations
Falling asleep easily
Which type of drug is most likely to cause increased alertness and decreased appetite?
Opiates
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
What does the Threat-Simulation Theory propose about nightmares?
They are just random noise.
They portray our greatest desires.
They help us remember our dreams better.
They allow us to practice dangerous situations.
What do scientists believe may have caused the evolution of dreaming?
The need for social interaction.
The rotation of our planet.
The desire to escape reality.
The development of language.
How might understanding sleep disorders help improve overall health?
Describe how REM sleep differs from other stages of sleep:
Explain why sleep is important for both the body and the brain:
How does sleep affect the cardiovascular system?
It causes irregular heartbeats and increases the risk of heart attacks.
It has no impact on the cardiovascular system.
It increases blood pressure and puts strain on the heart.
It helps regulate blood pressure and reduces stress on the heart.
What are the long-term consequences of chronic sleep deprivation on the body and brain?
Increased risk of chronic diseases, impaired cognitive function, and reduced lifespan.
Improved immune function, enhanced cognitive abilities, and increased energy levels.
No significant long-term effects on physical or mental health.
A decreased risk of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety.
How does sleep contribute to cognitive function?
It consolidates memories and enhances learning.
It actively erases memories to create space for new information.
It decreases the brain's ability to focus and concentrate.
It prevents the brain from forming new neural connections.
What is the role of genetics in vulnerability to drug addiction?
Genetics are the sole determinant of whether someone becomes addicted.
Genetics can influence a person's susceptibility to addiction, but environmental factors also play a significant role.
Genetics play no role in addiction.
Addiction is purely a matter of willpower.
What is the definition of 'drug dependence'?
A mild craving for a drug after occasional use.
A strong dislike of a drug after a negative experience.
A state where a person needs a drug to function normally and experiences withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
Using a drug only when prescribed by a doctor.
Tolerance to a drug refers to what phenomenon?
Needing more of the drug to achieve the same effect
Experiencing increased sensitivity to the drug over time
Developing an allergic reaction to the drug
No longer experiencing any effects from the drug
How might addressing sleep disorders improve mental health?
By directly increasing the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with happiness.
By eliminating the need for social interaction, reducing stress and anxiety.
By enhancing dream recall, allowing individuals to resolve psychological issues through dream analysis.
By stabilizing mood and improving cognitive function, which can be negatively impacted by sleep deprivation.
In what ways can cultural background influence the interpretation of dreams and their symbols?
Cultural background has no influence on dream interpretation; it is purely a matter of individual psychology.
Symbols can have different meanings across cultures; a snake might represent healing in one culture and danger in another.
Dream symbols have universal meanings that are the same regardless of cultural context.
Dreams are solely a product of genetics and therefore unaffected by cultural experiences.
Beyond Freudian perspectives, what other theories exist regarding the purpose and meaning of dreams?
Some theories suggest dreams are for memory consolidation, problem-solving, or emotional regulation.
Modern science has proven that dreams have no purpose or meaning whatsoever.
All theories agree that dreams are solely for wish fulfillment, as Freud proposed.
The only alternative to Freudian theory is that dreams are messages from extraterrestrial beings.
What is the difference between manifest content and latent content in dreams?
Manifest content refers to realistic dreams, while latent content refers to bizarre or illogical dreams.
Manifest content is easily recalled, while latent content is always forgotten upon waking.
Manifest content is the surface narrative of the dream, while latent content is the hidden psychological meaning.
Manifest content is analyzed by scientists, while latent content is interpreted by artists.
