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Pediatric Abdomen Study Quiz

Total questions: 44

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does an abnormal appendix look like on ultrasound?

a)

Enlarged, noncompressible tubular structure

b)

Decreased diameter (<6mm)

c)

Decreased blood flow

d)

Free or loculated fluid

e)

Increased Diameter (>6mm)

2.

What is the most likely cause of unilateral hydronephrosis in an infant?

a)

Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ)

b)

Pyloric Stenosis

c)

Intussusception

d)

Appendicitis

3.

In the case of pyloric stenosis, what ultrasound findings would you expect to see?

a)

Distended stomach

b)

Visualization of gastric emptying

c)

Canal length >16mm

d)

Hypertrophies pyloric muscle

e)

Muscle thickness <3.5mm

4.

Most common congenital abdominal neoplasm in neonates:

benign, connective tissue tumor replaces the renal parenchyma

a)

Mesoblastic nephroma

b)

Nephroblastoma (Wilms)

c)

Hepatoblastoma

d)

Intussuseption

5.

How does mesoblastic nephroma appear on ultrasound?

a)

Solid, homogenous echogenic mass- may be heterogeneous w/ necrosis or hemorrhage

b)

Enlarged hyperechoic liver, ascites, splenomegaly

c)

Echogenic, poorly defined adrenal mass

d)

Heterogenous, solid mass, may contain calcifications w/ necrosis or hemorrhage

6.

What is the ultrasound appearance of a patent urachus?

a)

Cystic mass extending from bladder dome to umbilicus

b)

Solid, homogenous echogenic mass

c)

Hyperechoic/complex mass

d)

Echogenic, poorly defined cystic mass

7.

When should the urachus close?

a)

between 4-6 months gestation

b)

between 6-8 months gestation

c)

between 1-3 months gestation

d)

between 2-6 months gestation

8.

Most common benign vascular liver tumor in infants

a)

Hemangioendothelioma

b)

Nephroblastoma (Wilms)

c)

Appendicitis

d)

Pyloric Stenosis

e)

Hepatoblastoma

9.

Malignant renal tumor, solid mass, peak 3-4 years

a)

Nephroblastoma (Wilms)

b)

Infantile polycystic kidney disease

c)

Hemangioendothelioma

d)

Hepatoblastoma

10.

Bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys, poor differentiation, autosomal recessive

a)

Infantile polycystic kidney disease

b)

Nephroblastoma

c)

Hemangioendothelioma

d)

Wilson's disease

e)

Reyes Syndrome

11.

Rare, Non-obstructive dilation of intrahepatic ducts, assoc. with polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis

a)

Caroli's Disease

b)

Reyes syndrome

c)

Wilson's disease

d)

Hepatoblastoma

e)

Pyloric Stenosis

12.

Linked to use of aspirin for viral infection; kids 3-16 y/o →brain and liver damage following respiratory tract infection

a)

Reyes syndrome

b)

Wilsons disease

c)

Hepatoblastoma

d)

Hemangioendothelioma

e)

Hepatitis

13.

Rare inherited disorder, copper metabolism defect → results in severe damage to liver and brain

a)

Wilsons disease

b)

Caroli's disease

c)

Reyes Syndrome

d)

Intussusception

14.

Most common malignant liver tumor in kids; peak 1–2 yrs; elevated AFP; hepatomegaly, palpable mass; fever; pain

a)

Hepatoblastoma

b)

Hemangioendothelioma

c)

Appendicitis

d)

Caroli's disease

e)

Mesoblastic Nephroma

15.

Abnormal thickening of the pyloric muscle of the stomach

a)

Pyloric stenosis

b)

Appendicitis

c)

Intussusception

d)

Hepatoblastoma

16.

Noncompressible tubular appendix, >6mm

a)

Appendicolith

b)

Appendicitis

c)

Hemangioendothelioma

d)

Hepatitis

17.

Most common bowel obstruction in children (6mo-2yrs) , occurs when a segment of bowel prolapses into a more distal segment, target sign (TRV), Pseudokidney sign (SAG)

a)

Intussusception

b)

Nephroblastoma

c)

Pyloric stenosis

d)

Wilsons disease

18.

What does the adrenal medulla look like on ultrasound?

a)

Thick echogenic line surrounded by hyperechoic cortex

b)

Thin echogenic line surrounded by hypoechoic cortex

19.

Select what describes posterior urethral valve obstruction:

a)

Congenital flap of tissue in male urethra

b)

Congenital flap of tissue in female urethra

c)

Causes bilateral hydronephrosis

d)

Causes contracted bladder with thin walls

e)

Causes dilated bladder with thickened walls

20.

What is the normal size of the appendix?

a)

<2cm

b)

>4mm

c)

<6mm

d)

>6cm

21.

What age group is most prone to developing appendicitis?

a)

Children <12 years old

b)

Children and Young adults, especially <14 years old

c)

Young adults and Teens, especially <16 years old

d)

Infants and Young Children, <6 years old

22.

Describe the ultrasound appearance of Intussusception

a)

Target/ Donut sign (TRV)

b)

Triangular cord sign

c)

String of Beads sign

d)

Pseudokidney (SAG)

23.

Describe the ultrasound appearance of Biliary Atresia

a)

Non-visualized or small gallbladder

b)

Echogenic, poorly defined mass

c)

Triangular cord sign

d)

Lobulated contour

e)

Hepatomegaly, ascites, splenomegaly

24.

What is the most common surgical emergency of the abdomen in a child?

a)

Appendicitis

b)

Biliary Atresia

c)

Pyloric Stenosis

d)

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

e)

Appendicolith

25.

What is Reyes syndrome linked to?

a)

Aspirin use during viral infections

b)

Hereditary, ureteral obstruction in utero

c)

Copper metabolism defect

d)

Underdevelopment of biliary system

26.

Select the symptoms of Intussusception:

a)

Abdominal pain and Distension

b)

Palpable abdominal mass

c)

Vomiting

d)

Anorexia

e)

Bloody stools

27.

What is the most common age group to develop pyloric stenosis?

a)

Male infants, 2-10 weeks old

b)

Female infants, 2-10 weeks old

28.

Select what describes the ultrasound appearance of an infant kidney:

a)

Hyperechoic cortex

b)

Large hypoechoic renal pyramids

c)

Lobulated contour

d)

Hypoechoic cortex

e)

More echogenic renal sinus due to fat

29.

Non-hereditary, ureteral obstruction caused by normal tissue replacement by multiple non-communicating cysts

a)

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

b)

Caroli's Disease

c)

Neuroblastoma

d)

Posterior Urethral Valves

30.

Caroli's disease is associated with which ultrasound sign?

a)

String of Beads Sign

b)

Bullseye sign

c)

Starry Sky Sign

d)

Pseudokidney sign

31.

Malignant adrenal medulla tumor

a)

Neuroblastoma

b)

Hepatoblastoma

c)

Lymphoma

d)

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

32.

When do children usually develop Neuroblastoma?

a)

During gestation

b)

2 months- 6 months

c)

2 months - 4 years

d)

2-4 years

33.

Common in neonates (birth trauma, hypoxia, sepsis).

a)

Adrenal hemorrhage

b)

Appendicolith

c)

Hepatoblastoma

d)

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

34.

Describe an appendicolith:

a)

Echogenic focus in the liver

b)

Echogenic focus in the appendix

c)

Posterior acoustic shadowing

d)

Dirty shadowing

e)

Calcification in the appendix

35.

What is the normal size of the pyloric muscle?

a)

<3.5 mm thickness

b)

>3.5mm thickness

c)

<3.5 cm thickness

d)

>3.5 cm thickness

36.

The pyloric channel should be __ mm in length

a)

 < 16 mm

b)

< 20 mm

c)

 <16 cm

d)

<10 mm

37.

The bowel wall should show the __ sign

a)

Target/ Bulls-eye sign

b)

Pseudokidney sign

c)

String of beads sign

d)

Triangular cord sign

38.

What is the most common benign liver tumor in children?

a)

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

b)

Hepatoblastoma

c)

Nephroblastoma

d)

Lymphoma

39.

When would you see the triangle sign on ultrasound?

a)

Biliary atresia

b)

Intussusception

c)

Appendicitis

d)

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

40.

What does the pylorus connect?

a)

Stomach to the Duodenum

b)

Duodenum to the Large Intestine

c)

Large and Small Intestines

d)

Stomach to the Large Intestine

41.

Select what describes Lymphadenopathy

a)

Enlarged lymph nodes

b)

Abscess formation

c)

Hypoechoic, poor through-transmission

d)

Homogenous echogenic mass

e)

Heterogenous with necrosis/hemorrhage

42.

What other conditions is appendicitis associated with?

a)

Perforation

b)

Abscess formation

c)

Appendicolith

d)

Appendicitis

e)

Obstruction

43.

Select what describes Intussusception:

a)

Most common bowel obstruction

b)

Target/donut sign & Pseudokidney sign

c)

Triangular cord sign

d)

Oblong mass, hyperechoic

e)

Most common congenital renal tumor

44.

Most common congenital abdominal neoplasm in neonates, benign CT tumor replacing renal parenchyma

a)

Mesoblastic Nephroma

b)

Hepatoblastoma

c)

Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

d)

Bilateral Renal Agenesis