A 25-year-old woman complains of a continuous runny nose, accompanied by nasal itching, watery eyes, and itchy eyes. The symptoms are felt after contact with her pet cat and last for 2 hours after exposure. What inflammatory mediator is released during the late-phase allergic reaction?

A 3-year-old child is brought to the ENT clinic by his mother with complaints of intermittent nasal congestion for the past 3 months. The patient has no complaints of difficulty sleeping and snoring. Previously, the patient complained of a full sensation in the ear and was examined by a doctor with the result of a type B tympanogram. The patient has often complained of sneezing in the morning, clear runny nose, and itchy eyes since childhood. These complaints are felt daily without disrupting daily activities. In this case, the most likely multimorbidity found in this patient is:

A 20-year-old woman is referred from the asthma clinic, with the main complaint of nasal congestion for the past 6 months, accompanied by sneezing, clear watery nasal discharge, and nasal itching. Anterior rhinoscopy shows bilateral edema, pale mucosa, and serous secretions in the inferior and middle turbinates. Due to her complaints, the patient often wakes up at night. What is the main substance causing sleep disturbances in this case?

A 6-year-old child is brought to the ENT clinic by his mother with complaints of intermittent nasal congestion for the past 3 months. The patient also complains of difficulty sleeping and snoring. Previously, the patient complained of a full sensation in the ear and was examined by an ENT doctor with the result of a type A tympanogram. The patient has often complained of sneezing in the morning, clear runny nose, and itchy eyes since childhood. These complaints are felt daily without disrupting daily activities. The management to address the primary disease and the multimorbidity that occurs is:

The hypothesis that best explains the interaction between the upper and lower airways in the concept of United Airway Disease is?

Which hypothesis best explains the interaction between the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the concept of United Airway Disease?

A 16-year-old male student complains of nasal congestion and clear runny nose, especially when exposed to dust, with a frequency of more than 4 times a week, affecting his concentration. The skin prick test is positive for house dust mites. What is the correct diagnosis according to Aria 2020?

A woman presents with nasal congestion for 10 days accompanied by runny nose affecting her work. She is a textile worker, and anterior rhinoscopy shows normal nasal mucosa with increased clear watery secretion. The SPT result is negative. What is the pathophysiology in this case?

Which statement is true regarding allergic rhinitis and asthma?

A 42-year-old man complains of continuous clear nasal discharge, accompanied by itchy nose, watery eyes, and itchy eyes. Symptoms are felt after contact with a pet cat and last for 2 hours after exposure. What allergic process may occur in this case?

What is allergy?

In the allergic process, what role do basophils play?

A patient comes to the emergency department suspicious of having swallowed a coin or battery. What is the characteristic finding for a battery on a lateral and AP thorax X-ray?

What are the natural barriers possessed by the esophagus?

In cases where a foreign body cannot be removed on the first attempt, when should the next plan for esophagoscopy be performed?

What is the gold standard for oropharyngeal dysphagia?

A patient complains of being unable to swallow and has hypersalivation. The patient is suspected of having swallowed several packets of heroin. What is the appropriate action?

A patient comes in with complaints of inability to swallow for several hours. The history shows they swallowed meatballs about 2 hours ago. What findings are expected from the cervical X-ray?

A 25-year-old female attempted suicide by ingesting poison, after which the poison was attempted to be expelled, resulting in severe coughing. The patient has erythema on the lips and oropharynx. Currently, there are no complaints from the patient. What is the management for this patient?

Which of the following statements is most appropriate for the above case?

A study will be conducted where the population is given a serial number and then taken randomly. The appropriate sampling technique used in this study is...

A nurse working at an athlete's dormitory suffers from fever, cough, and cold. The entire family of the nurse is examined and a PCR swab is performed. This action is a prevention...

At the age of 3 years, a child can speak 10-15 words. Sometimes the words formed cannot be understood. The child can follow 1-2 instructions. What is the language development that is not appropriate?

A 3-year-old child with speech disorders and a history of febrile seizures has a wave V obtained at 20 dB in further examination?

What is the wave V at 20dB follow-up examination?

A factory doctor conducts hearing screening for employees. No hearing impairment is found. What is the next step?

Tertiary prevention for allergic rhinitis patients:

A 16-year-old school child experiences academic decline. Difficulty understanding several commands (forget).

Which OAE results are correct?

A student complains of dizziness for the past 2 months, symptoms worsen at work. Ears feel full. The complaint corresponds to:

A boy (forget) with enlarged adenoids and deviated septum? Experiences nasal consonant production disorders while speaking. What consonant disorder is likely occurring in this child?

When should screening be conducted for a patient undergoing Cisplatin-5FU chemotherapy?

A 7-month-old boy is brought by his parents with complaints of frequent choking while drinking since he started breastfeeding. He has a cough and is having difficulty making sounds. What is the possible diagnosis for this patient?

A woman comes to the ENT emergency department with complaints of pain while swallowing, difficulty opening her mouth, and swelling in the right side of her neck for the past week. On examination, she is found to have moderate pain, blood pressure 150/100, pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 25 breaths/min, temperature 38 C. There is swelling in the right submandibular region, hard on palpation, hyperemic, tender, and fluctuating. What is the appropriate management?

A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department with complaints of severe throat pain and difficulty eating and drinking. The pain has been present for 4 days accompanied by high fever. On physical examination, the left palatine tonsil is larger than the right, T4-T2, and the uvula is deviated to the contralateral side. What is the likely diagnosis for this patient?

A 6-year-old boy has had a hoarse voice for the past 6 months. He often shouts while playing soccer with his friends. What is the diagnosis?

A patient snores while sleeping, has a slight deviation of the septum, hypertrophy of the turbinates T3-T3, Friedman Tongue Position 3, AHI 85. What is the appropriate management?

A male patient comes to the sleep clinic with complaints of snoring and feeling sleepy and weak at work. A polysomnography shows an apnea index AHI of 2.1. What is happening to this patient?

A 30-year-old man complains of a hoarse voice that sometimes feels tight. He was previously treated in the ICU with a ventilator for 1 week. What is the grade of the condition in the above patient?

A child has a picture of the larynx with nodules and lesions on the anterior vocal cord. What is the diagnosis?

A 16-year-old woman has had a sore throat for the past week. She appears slightly weak, pulse 100 beats per minute, temperature 37.5 degrees C, and there is a grayish pseudomembrane on the tonsils. The submandibular lymph nodes are palpable and not tender. What is the next management?

What is the emergency condition in the above case?

What is the management for post-thyroid dyspnea, with bilateral abduction examination results?

What is the management for a patient with adduction paresis?

An 8-month-old baby weighing 4800g comes with noisy breathing while crying and breastfeeding, worsening for 1 month. What is the next management?

An 18-year-old teenager is brought to the ER with complaints of sore throat for 2 days, noisy breathing, shortness of breath, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis?

A baby with continuous cough and fever. Diagnosis?

A baby since birth often cries while breastfeeding, has shortness of breath, suprasternal retraction, and inspiratory stridor. The saturation is 93%. Endoscopy shows the arytenoid drawn to the rima glottis during inspiration. What determines the severity of the above case?

A 6-year-old child is brought by his parents with complaints of hoarse voice, cough, and frequent epigastric pain for 1.5 months, also accompanied by a feeling of obstruction. What do you expect to find in fiber optic laryngoscopy?

A man is brought by his wife with complaints of snoring... Sometimes wakes up due to choking. Polysomnography shows AHI 20 and LSAT 75%. Based on this, what is the stage of OSA that the man suffers from?

A female infant, 8 months old, comes to the emergency unit with the main complaint of noisy breathing for the past 3 days. The complaint is accompanied by shortness of breath and frequent choking while breastfeeding. There is no fever, cough, or cold previously. The patient has a history of PDA surgery. Physical examination reveals inspiratory stridor and mild retraction in the suprasternal area. Radiologic examination of the soft tissue of the neck shows narrowing in the supraglottic area. The same complaint was experienced 2 months ago but resolved on its own. What is the most accurate diagnosis for this patient?

What is the drug of choice for low dose long term macrolide for chronic rhinosinusitis?

A 42-year-old woman comes to the clinic with complaints of left cheek pain for 1 week accompanied by a blocked right nose with thick mucus for 6 months, DM-, upper left molar tooth 11 is painful. Naso: appears to be left middle meatus edema with purulent secretions, CT Scan shows isodense lesions in the left maxillary sinus and hyperdense lesions in the center of the lesion. Possible diagnosis?

A 9-year-old boy is referred from the eye clinic with complaints of swelling in the right eye for 2 days. Upon examination, the right eye is difficult to open, vision is good, and the eyeball can move in all directions. There is a history of thick yellow mucus for the past 3 weeks. Nasal endoscopy shows edema and hyperemia of the right middle meatus with mucopurulent secretions. What is the diagnosis of this patient?

A 30-year-old man comes with complaints of total nasal obstruction for 2 days after being hit by his friend. Fever +, Pain. Anterior rhinoscopy shows hyperemic, bulging nasal septum with fluctuation. Diagnosis?

A 50-year-old man comes to the emergency department with complaints of active bleeding from the right nose for the past 30 minutes and suddenly. Blood pressure measured twice is 170/100 and 180/100. Possible source of bleeding:

A 40-year-old woman has a nosebleed flowing back into the throat, for the past 30 minutes and suddenly. Blood pressure measured twice is 170/100 and 180/100. Possible source of bleeding:

A 43-year-old man presented with a 3 weeks history of facial pain, nasal congestion, fever 38.7°C and purulent nasal discharge. Symptoms were slowly improving following 10 days of antibiotic prescription, but remained persistent. He had these symptoms 6-7 times per year. Which of the following statements is the most correct for ancillary test: