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Cognitive biases, ToK terms, and truth tests

Total questions: 10

Worksheet time: 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When Japan invaded Manchuia (the northeast part of China), they justified it as a "civilizing mission" where Japan would bring knowledge and modernization to a broken society. This masked Japan's exploitative goal of wanting China's resources. This propaganda is called

a)

confirmation bias

b)

reciprocity

c)

the framing effect

d)

implicit bias

2.

Writers of the First Thanksgiving have often romanticized the dinner to be one of friendship rather than addressing the displacement of the Wampanoag from their land. The belief in this historical myth rather than truth is due to

a)

reciprocity

b)

the availability heuristic

c)

the placebo effect

d)

the correspondence test

3.

When using the correspondence truth test, one needs to justify the claim through

a)

usefulness

b)

a majority

c)

agreement with one's beliefs

d)

empirical evidence

4.

When pain became the 5th vital sign, this changed the way a doctor might evaluate a patient. This change could be described as

a)

numerical certainty

b)

objective reporting

c)

a paradigm shift

d)

dogmatic thinking

5.

Which ToK term most applies to the Sacklers and their ability to promote oxycontin despite its dangers?

a)

certainty

b)

power

c)

perspective

d)

interpretation

6.

New York City has backed the use of technology to improve safety. Digidog will be used in hazardous situations such as a barricaded gunman. K5 is another robot that will patrol Times Square. The use of technology in dangerous situations corresponds to positive outcomes and it is __________ to believe this will lessen the risk to officers.

a)

pragmatic

b)

divergent

c)

dogmatic

d)

convergent

7.

Steel mills, oil refineries, and other major carbon emitters may no longer need to report their greenhouse gases. This is being promoted as a savings to businesses when it is also an elimination of climate regulations. This is

a)

the framing effect

b)

implicit bias

c)

the anchoring effect

d)

the availability bias

8.

When California proposes a law, it can have a global impact because if California were its own country, it would be the 4th largest economy in the world surpassing India and the United Kingdom. Which ToK term best fits this issue?

a)

responsibility

b)

values

c)

justification

d)

power

9.

This truth test is the basis for religious and ethical knowledge as it is based in one's beliefs.

a)

coherence

b)

consensus

c)

correspondence

d)

pragmatic

10.

Even though Johnson & Johnson claimed that their baby powder was safe, internal documents from the 1970s show that the company was aware of its asbestos contamination and its risk as a carcinogen. The claim that their talcum powder was safe does not pass this truth test.

a)

coherence

b)

consensus

c)

correspondence

d)

pragmatic