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WorksheetsWinter_school
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
The gyroscope in an IMU is mainly used to measure:
Linear acceleration
Angular velocity
Magnetic Field strength
Orientation with respect to gravity
Which library is commonly used to deploy TensorFlow Lite models on ESP32?
tflite-micro
PyTorch Mobile
scikit-learn embedded
ONNX Runtime
A vanishing gradient problem is most common in:
Shallow neural networks
Deep networks with sigmoid/tanh activations
Decision trees
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
To improve underwater data acquisition reliability, hydrophones are often arranged in:
Star topology
Sensor fusion arrays
Antenna towers
Random placement
Transfer learning is particularly effective when:
The new dataset is very small but similar to the pretrained dataset
The new dataset is completely unrelated to the source dataset
Training must be done from scratch
The model must be used without any fine-tuning
Which type of error commonly accumulates in IMU-based dead reckoning navigation?
Quantization noise
Bias drift and integration error
Signal reflection
Packet loss
Which of the following best explains the difference between ML and DL?
ML requires GPUs, DL does not
DL can automatically extract features, ML often needs feature engineering
ML is faster but less accurate, DL is slower but always more accurate
ML models always outperform DL
In TinyML workflows, the ESP32 is usually responsible for:
Model training
Cloud-based hyperparameter tuning
Model inference after deployment
Labelling dataset
Multipath propagation in underwater acoustics primarily occurs due to:
Interference from WiFi signals
Sound reflections from the water surface and seabed
Poor sensor calibration
Magnetic field distortion
Sensor fusion algorithms like Kalman filter in IMUs are used to:
Reduce energy consumption
Combine sensor outputs for better accuracy
Increase sampling frequency
Automatically calibrate WiFi signals
For long-range underwater communication, which signal type is most commonly used?
Radio frequency (RF)
Optical signals
Acoustic waves
Infrared
Which communication protocol is least power efficient for sending inference results from ESP32?
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
MQTT over WiFi
UART
SPI
What is the primary advantage of using acoustic waves for underwater communication compared to optical signals?
Higher data transfer rates
Less susceptibility to scattering
Lower power consumption
Longer range capabilities
In the context of machine learning, what does overfitting refer to?
The model performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
The model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns
The model is trained on too much data
The model has too few parameters
Which of the following is a common method for mitigating bias drift in IMUs?
Reducing the number of measurements
Using a single sensor
Increasing sampling rate
Regular calibration
Which axis convention is most commonly used in IMU sensor coordinate frames?
Left-handed system (X-left, Y-up, Z-forward)
Right-handed system (X-forward, Y-right, Z-down)
Randomized depending on manufacturer
Spherical coordinate system
What is the main purpose of using a microcontroller like ESP32 in TinyML applications?
To perform complex model training
To handle low-power model inference
To store large datasets
To manage cloud services
Which of the following is a common challenge when deploying machine learning models on edge devices?
High computational power requirements
Limited data availability
Increased latency in model inference
Power consumption constraints
In the context of IMUs, what does the term 'drift' refer to?
Random fluctuations in sensor readings
Loss of signal strength
Gradual deviation from the true position over time
Instantaneous changes in orientation
Which metric is most suitable for evaluating an imbalanced classification dataset?
Accuracy
Precision-Recall or F1-score
Mean Squared Error
R² Score
What percentage of global car sales were EVs in 2024?
8%
18%
25%
40%
What is the main advantage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) over battery EVs?
Lower manufacturing cost
Faster refueling time
Higher driving range
both Faster refueling time and Higher driving range
Which is currently the largest EV charging network in the world?
Ionity
Electrify America
Tesla Supercharger Network
Shell Recharge
What is the estimated average lifespan of a modern EV battery pack before major degradation?
2–3 years
10–15 years
5–6 years
20–30 years
Norway plans to ban the sale of new petrol/diesel cars from:
2025
2026
2027
2028
