WorksheetsUnit Two Test Review
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 3hrs 34mins
"In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. Were this principle rigorously adhered to, it would require that all the appointments for the supreme executive, legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be drawn from the same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having no communication whatever with one another. Perhaps such a plan of constructing the several departments would be less difficult in practice than it may in contemplation appear. Some difficulties, however, and some additional expense would attend the execution of it. Some deviations, therefore, from the principle must be admitted. In the constitution of the judiciary department in particular, it might be inexpedient to insist rigorously on the principle: first, because peculiar qualifications being essential in the members, the primary consideration ought to be to select that mode of choice which best secures these qualifications; secondly, because the permanent tenure by which the appointments are held in that department, must soon destroy all sense of dependence on the authority conferring them." - from "The Federalist Papers : No. 51"
In this excerpt from "The Federalist Papers No. 51", James Madison explains the need for which of these?
Three separate branches of American government (Judicial, Executive, & Legislative)
Two separate American political parties (Federalist and Anti-Federalist)
A "Leviathan", a very strong central government to control and order a population.
Three levels of government (County, State, & Federal)
Which of these best describes a "primary source" and a "secondary source"?
Secondary sources are by definition unreliable and primary sources are always the preferred and more reliable historical records.
Primary sources are "first hand accounts", records of an event from someone who was physically present. Secondary sources typically mean opinions and analysis of a primary source, created by someone who was not physically present at an event.
Primary sources are government records while secondary sources are produced by non-governmental experts.
Primary sources are always used first in academic writing. Secondary sources are only properly used to explain or provide context to a primary source
Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“Article VIII: The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.
Article IX: All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before presecribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States.” - excerpts from Articles of Confederation, Continental Congress, 1781
In Article VIII, which of these is given the power to tax?
The federal Legislative branch, including Congress
The federal Executive Branch, including the President
The federal Judicial Branch, including the US Supreme Court
State legislatures, elected by their state's voters
Use the excerpt to answer the question:
Based on these two parts of the Articles of Confederation, in the first years of the United States, there was a belief that____________________________________?
“Article VIII: The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.
Article IX: All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before presecribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States.” - excerpts from Articles of Confederation, Continental Congress, 1781
the Federal executive branch should resolve all colonies' land disputes
a strong central (federal, national level) government was needed
the American Revolution was seen as a failure by Americans at the time
states should retain most power and control of governance
"He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good...
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people...He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us...For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world...For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent...." - from The Declaration of Independence
Use the excerpt above to answer the following question:
In the Declaration of Independence, whom is "He" referencing?
Samuel Adams, leader of the Sons of Liberty
Thomas Jefferson, leader of the Anti-Federalists
King George III of England
British Parliament
"He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good...
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people...He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us...For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world...For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent...." - from The Declaration of Independence
Use the excerpt to answer the following question:
The phrase "For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world" would MOST likely reference a law passed as a result of which event?
Battles at Lexington and Concord
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Tea Party
Colonists' "Olive Branch Petition" to England
"The heart that feels not now is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them, happy. I love the man that can smile in trouble, that can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. 'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death. My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light. Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to "bind me in all cases whatsoever" to his absolute will, am I to suffer it? What signifies it to me, whether he who does it is a king or a common man; my countryman or not my countryman; whether it be done by an individual villain, or an army of them? If we reason to the root of things we shall find no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we should punish in the one case and pardon in the other." - from Common Sense, Thomas Paine, January 10, 1776
Which of these BEST summarizes the message of this passage?
Violence is never justifiable, even in self defense.
Colonists should unite for their common defense against the Natives and French
There comes a time when individuals and people groups are justified in defending their selves
Patriots need to be prepared to use violence to defend themselves against the aggressive tactics of the Sons of Liberty
"The heart that feels not now is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them, happy. I love the man that can smile in trouble, that can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. 'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death. My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light. Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to "bind me in all cases whatsoever" to his absolute will, am I to suffer it? What signifies it to me, whether he who does it is a king or a common man; my countryman or not my countryman; whether it be done by an individual villain, or an army of them? If we reason to the root of things we shall find no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we should punish in the one case and pardon in the other." - from Common Sense, Thomas Paine, January 10, 1776
Based on your knowledge of American history, which of these events had not yet occurred when Thomas Paine published this excerpt from Common Sense?
The Boston Tea Party
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Writing of the Declaration of Independence
First Continental Congress
The Boston Massacre, 1770; The Battle of Lexington, 1775; Articles of Confederation ratified, 1781; Treaty of Paris signed, 1783. The dates and incidents listed are associated MOST closely with ____________________________.
The Spanish American War
Mercantilism
The French and Indian War
The American Revolution
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 resolved issues between Great Britain and the newly-formed America. What is one conflict that was NOT resolved by this treaty?
The parallel marking the northern boundary of Florida was a point of dispute between America and Spain
The boundary between present-day Mississippi and western Spanish territory had not been clearly defined
The Natives living in the Natchez district refused to leave even though they agreed to relocate further west
The French continued to occupy pockets of American territories, though they had already agreed to leave the U.S.
Using the chart answer this question:
Based on the chart shown, which foreign figure played the GREATEST role in aiding American victory during the Revolutionary War?
Casimir Pulaski
Thaddeus Kosciusko
Marquis de Lafeyette
Count de Rochambeau
In response to the American Revolution, women took on many roles that were new to them. Using the image provided, identify ONE of those new roles best supported by the image.
Fighting as regular soldiers for the Redcoats
Working as spies for the war effort on behalf of the Loyalists
Gathering in support of Patriot causes, like signing a petition pledging their support for the war effort
Working in Northern factories to support the Revolution by filling jobs left vacant by men leaving for war
"Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them. The Executive not only dispenses the honors, but holds the sword of the community. The legislature not only commands the purse, but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights of every citizen are to be regulated." - from Federalist No. 78 (1788), Publius (Alexander Hamilton)
In this excerpt, Hamilton is referring to what principle of the new American Constitution?
Federalism
Republicanism
Popular Sovereignty
Separation of Powers
"Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them. The Executive not only dispenses the honors, but holds the sword of the community. The legislature not only commands the purse, but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights of every citizen are to be regulated." - from Federalist No. 78 (1788), Publius (Alexander Hamilton)
Which of these would BEST be used to justify Hamilton's point here?
The Judicial branch is considered the least threatening because Supreme Court Justices serve for life.
The President is chosen by the Electoral College rather than by popular vote.
The Supreme Court is composed of people who are not elected by popular vote.
The Legislative branch has the power to fund all branches of the federal government.
Shortly after the election of 1800, with whom did former Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton engage in a duel?
Aaron Burr
James Monroe
James Madison
Marquis de Lafeyette
Which group received suffrage rights FIRST in America?
American women who were (1) married and (2) white and (3) over the age of 17
Native Americans who agreed to renounce their Native / tribal citizenship
African-Americans who fought for the colonies during the Revolution
Non-land owning white males
Which statement BEST explains the lack of voting activity by African Americans in the United States prior to 1820?
African Americans were allowed to vote by then, but most chose not to in protest of the American legalization of slavery
Most African Americans were unable to vote because they typically did not own property
African Americans were denied U.S. citizenship and thus were not granted suffrage rights during this time period
African Americans would only be allowed to vote if they agreed to support the Fugitive Slave Act in state legislatures
Which statement best explains the lack of voting activity by Native Americans in the United States before the Civil War?
The Native Americans refused to vote because of conflicts over land ownership
The Native Americans did not believe they were affected by U.S. government decisions
The Native Americans were denied U.S. citizenship and thus were not granted suffrage rights
The Native Americans did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River
“The United States Constitution creates a government in which there are three branches of government. Each branch has a specific function- i.e. making laws, enforcing laws, or interpreting laws- and each can prevent the abuse of power by the others within the Federal government.”
This passage is describing the overall principle of_____________?
Republicanism
Judicial Review
Limited Government
Federalism
Which principle in the Constitution divides authority between three branches of government?
The rule of law
Limited government
Separation of powers
The supremacy clause
"There is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would be then the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression" - Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748
Montequieu's quote mostly supports which of these Constitutional principles?
Natural rights
Popular sovereignty
Separation and balance of governmental power
Government was created by man for his own purposes
Alexander Hamilton identified that a national debt would be a great challenge for a young American nation. What role did Hamilton want the "average person" to play in the reduction of that debt?
to pay income tax
to pay property taxes
to support a flat tax
to buy bonds sold by the government
"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible.... . Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities ....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world...." - September 19, 1796
The quotation seen here represents which major principle in early United States foreign policy?
Interventionism / Imperialism
Isolationism
Strategic Cooperation: Strong alliances with similar international states
Neutrality
"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible.... . Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities ....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world...." - September 19, 1796
The policy represented here is best attributed to which of these?
John Locke
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington
This map shows the results of the Election of 1800, which saw incumbent President John Adams face Thomas Jefferson. By studying this map, it can be determined that _____________________________.
Jefferson won in a landslide
Adams narrowly missed winning reelection
Neither candidate enjoyed support from their home state
Western territories were denied voting rights because of sectionalism
Which of these MOST likely hurt the Federalist Party leading up to the election of 1800?
George Washington had spoken out against political parties
The Federalists were associated with the Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams had advocated the United States should assist France in their revolution
Thomas Jefferson had switched from the Federalist to the Anti-Federalist / Democratic-Republican Party
"The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character... are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community." - from the “Farewell Address” of George Washington, 1796
Based on this excerpt from his "Farewell Address", George Washington would have been unlikely to support which of these?
Principle of Federalism
System of Checks and Balances
Aligning with foreign governments
Political parties forming in the United States
"The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character... are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community." - from the “Farewell Address” of George Washington, 1796
From this quote, Washington would most likely support which of these?
Washington would likely support political parties
Washington would likely support civil obedience and lawful citizens
Washington would likely support organized factions
Washington would support making alliances with foreign governments
If George Washington wasn't a big fan of political parties, he would be most likely to align with the beliefs and views of:
Federalists
Republicans
Democrat-Republicans
Washington is suggesting parties are a danger to good government
"Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice....By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community....There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires....The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves...." - from Federalist, No. 10, written by James Madison
Using Madison's definition, which of these would be MOST likely to be a political faction?
Congress
Republican Party
Methodist Church
Articles of Confederation
"Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice....By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community....There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires....The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves...." - from Federalist, No. 10, written by James Madison
From this passage, which of these best matches James Madison's description of factions?
Factions ought to be banned entirely by the federal government.
America should constrain liberty to prevent factions
America's government is improved by and needs political factions.
America will have to live with factions because our government guarantees agency/liberty/democracy. Factions are a byproduct of liberty.
"A ______ is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, & what no government should refuse, or rest on inference." ~Thomas Jefferson, 1787. Thomas Jefferson is referring to which of these?
First Amendment
Separation of Powers
Bill of Rights
Strong executive branch
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion(1), or prohibiting the free exercise thereof(2); or abridging the freedom of speech(3), or of the press(4); or the right of the people peaceably to assemble(5), and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances(6)." ~The First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Use this excerpt from the First Amendment to answer the following question:
David, an ethnic and practicing Jew, enters a court of law to testify in a criminal case. David wears a "Star of David" medal pinned to the outside of his suit, but the court made him remove it before the trial began. Which numbered portion of the First Amendment BEST represents how David's rights were violated?
1
2
3
4
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion(1), or prohibiting the free exercise thereof(2); or abridging the freedom of speech(3), or of the press(4); or the right of the people peaceably to assemble(5), and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances(6)." ~The First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Which scenario below best represents a violation of the rights represented under section (1) of the First Amendment?
State government forbids a person from erecting a nativity scene in the front yard
City government does not allow local news media to report on an abuse scandal at a local Protestant Christian church.
City government breaks up an interest meeting for Young Democrats of America at a local park
Federal government requires only the Islamic mosque to pay an 11% property tax, while Jewish synagogues and Christian churches are exempt from all property tax
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion(1), or prohibiting the free exercise thereof(2); or abridging the freedom of speech(3), or of the press(4); or the right of the people peaceably to assemble(5), and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances(6)." ~The First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment can be used to protect which of these people from prosecution?
David is 17 and brings a loaded firearm into an airport despite several warning signs. David is a Catholic who has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and has been arrested and convicted previously for armed robbery and possession of a firearm during commission of a crime.
A famous music producer is found with 200 gallons of baby oil in the trunk of the vehicle he is driving. The producer claims he is on his way to donate the baby oil to the local single mothers' free clinic.
Andre fires one of his employees because of his views on reincarnation
Carl is arrested for writing an essay calling for the impeachment of his U.S. Senator
Identify the reason why Alexander Hamilton wanted the U.S. government to assume the debts of the states after the American Revolution.
Assuming state's debt was a plan adopted in the Constitutional Convention to strengthen the power of the federal government over the states
Anti-Federalists lobbied for states to control the nation's finances. Hamilton hated this idea as a strong "states' rights" Federalist, but he thought compromising on this issue would limit opposition to the new federal government
Assuming state's debt would prove the federal government was credible, thus creating more confidence and stability
Under the Articles of Confederation, states alone had the power to raise taxes. This was a great success, but Hamilton thought America could get a better interest rate by lumping their small state debts into one large national debt.
Both Shays' Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion happened during which time period numbered in the timeline?
1
2
3
4
The Whiskey Rebellion mostly occurred in which area?
Tennessee
Pennsylvania
New York
Boston
The Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794) was a protest against _____________________.
Importing French whiskey, which wasn't very good but was a way to repay France for their aid in the Revolution
Importing British whiskey, which tasted better but was considered "un-American" after the Revolution
States taxing moonshine or alcohol produced within another state
Federal government taxing a domestically-made product
After the colonists won their independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War, what was created to protect their individual rights from their new powerful government?
Articles of Confederation's Protection Clause
Bill of Rights
Declaration of Independence
Olive Branch Petition
Thomas Jefferson's "Kentucky Resolution" and James Madison's "Virginia Resolution" were in response to what?
The XYZ Affair
The Embargo Act
Shays' Rebellion
The Alien & Sedition Acts
Use the excerpt to answer question 41.
"Resolved that the several states composing the US. of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the US ...., they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the General government assumes undelegated powers, it’s acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force." ~Jefferson's Draft (Before 4 October, 1798) Kentucky Resolution
This excerpt of Jefferson's Kentucky Revolution introduces the theory of______________?
Federalism
Implied Consent
Nullification
Judicial Review
Which of these is DIRECTLY attributable to the structure of government that was created by the Articles of Confederation?
Protests arose over heavy federal taxation
Only two meaningful pieces of legislation were passed by the national Congress
Presidential vetoes blocked almost all federal bills from becoming law
The strong federal Judicial branch settled disputes between states aggressively and severely hampered states' rights
Use the quote to answer question 43.
“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was not part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760-1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.” ~John Adams, 1815
Based on this quotation about the American Revolution, Adams was probably MOST trying to suggest that ________.
every cause has an effect
Americans needed to understand the conditions and reactions that led up to the Revolutionary war
connecting the revolution to people’s individual rights and freedoms
The Articles of Confederation would improve on the old US Constitution by addressing taxation and representation issues
Use the passage to answer question 44.
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” ~The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Which principle of government does the Tenth Amendment BEST exemplify?
Free exchange capitalist theory
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Limited government
Which is the BEST description of the impact of Shays' Rebellion on American politics?
Shays' Rebellion was a major factor in the establishment of the Anti-Federalist party
Shays' Rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation
Shays' Rebellion exposed the weakness of the federal government under the US Constitution
Shays' Rebellion led to widespread reform of voting requirements to include all white males who owned property
Use the passage to answer question 46.
"The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof." -Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the United States Constitution
This passage is the source of Congress' _____________________________________.
Reserved Powers
Executive Powers
Enumerated Powers
Implied Powers
Which is the BEST description of Shays' Rebellion of 1786-87?
As Massachusetts settlers along the frontier moved further west, the Wampanoag Indians began attacking frontier settlements
Northern factory workers revolted against the government in protest against immigration policies that led to high unemployment
Farmers, many of whom were Revolutionary War veterans, rebelled against the Massachusetts government because of heavy debts and high taxes
African-American slaves in Virginia led an armed uprising against their masters in protest against cruel treatment and harsh living conditions
As Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton created a national economic program that included all of these EXCEPT _______________________.
Create a national bank
Federal government absorbs states' debts
Create a national sales tax of 7.76% to commemorate our Declaration of Independence
Federal government takes on more debt to relieve the states' burdens
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions ______________________________________.
threatened secession if the US declared war on Great Britain
supported the idea of state’s rights and nullification of federal law
were written by Federalists who wanted to impeach President Jefferson
declared that state tariffs would not be deposited into the National Bank
Use the list to answer question 50.
The First Amendment: freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion.
The Second Amendment: the right to bear arms.
The Sixth Amendment: the right to a speedy trial by a jury.
The Tenth Amendment: powers not given to the government are reserved for the people.
Limited government is the concept that a government's power over its citizens should have limitations. Which of these Amendments is MOST closely associated with the idea of limited government?
1st Amendment
10th Amendment
6th Amendment
2nd Amendment
Which of the following was a direct result of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
The creation of a strong executive branch under the Articles
The drafting and adoption of the United States Constitution
The establishment of a national religion
The immediate abolition of slavery in all states
Which principle is MOST clearly reflected in the separation of powers described by Montesquieu?
Universal suffrage
Direct democracy
Checks and balances
Judicial review
Which event BEST demonstrated the need for a stronger central government in the United States?
The Whiskey Rebellion
The signing of the Treaty of Paris
The Boston Tea Party
Shays' Rebellion
Which of the following was a key argument made by supporters of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
That only the Supreme Court could interpret the Constitution
That the President should be able to veto state laws
That states had the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional
That the federal government should have unlimited power over the states
According to James Madison in Federalist No. 10, what is the main danger posed by factions?
They support a strong central government
They threaten the rights of other citizens and the interests of the community
They promote religious freedom
They encourage economic growth
Which of the following actions would be protected by the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech?
Breaking into a government building
Disobeying a court order
Writing a letter to a newspaper criticizing government policy
Refusing to pay taxes
Which of the following was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
The Supreme Court could overrule state laws
States were not allowed to create their own laws
The President had too much power over the states
The federal government could not levy taxes directly on citizens
Which document was created to address the problems of a weak central government under the Articles of Confederation?
The United States Constitution
The Bill of Rights
The Federalist Papers
The Declaration of Independence
What was one reason the Founding Fathers replaced the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution?
The Articles required states to pay federal taxes directly
The Articles allowed the President to veto state laws
The Articles did not provide for a national court system
The Articles gave too much power to the federal government
Which event demonstrated the need for a stronger central government and led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution?
The Battle of Saratoga
The Whiskey Rebellion
The Boston Tea Party
Shays' Rebellion
Which principle is most closely associated with the idea that the federal government has only the powers specifically granted to it by the Constitution?
Popular Sovereignty
Federalism
Enumerated Powers
Judicial Review
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?
To create a system of checks and balances
To outline the process for amending the Constitution
To protect individual liberties from government overreach
To establish a national bank
Which of these best describes territorial changes over the French and Indian War?
France had and lost the most territory. England and Spain both gained a large amount of territory, but now two empires were directly beside each other in North America, leading immediately to the Spanish American War
England and Spain gained territory, but the Proclamation Line of 1763 kept the two powers separated by giving English land to Natives, though the English colonists didn't appreciate this
England and Spain gained territory, but the Proclamation Line of 1763 kept the two powers separated by giving English land to Natives after colonists complained about Native raids
Most of the changes had more to do with the forced relocation of Natives to the Midwest rather than European territories, resulting later in Pontiac's War
