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WorksheetsBiology/Anatomy Multiple Choice Questions
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 25mins
The dermis is attached to the epidermis via multiple finger-like projections called what?
Cilia
Flagella
Dermal papillae
Microvilli
The adrenals are stimulated to release aldosterone by several factors, including elevated levels of potassium and decreased levels of sodium, decreased blood volume, or:
increased blood pH
decreased blood pressure
excess cortisol
none of the above
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates throughout the central nervous system via a series of passageways and chambers that include the arachnoid layer of the meninges as well as:
Choroid plexus inside the cerebellum and the transverse canals of the cord
Ventricles inside the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
White matter of the spinal cord and central canal of the cerebrum
Ventricles, corpus callosum, and choroid plexus
What is the function of mucus in the digestive tract?
Facilitates elimination of solid waste and excretion of metabolic waste
Protects the tract from erosion and facilitates swallowing food
Helps trap invading organisms and humidify air
Facilitates absorption of nutrients and removal of foreign substances
What is the name of cranial nerve V?
Trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Facial nerve
none of the above
Which of the following are the appropriate matches of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Pathway?
Lungs: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; Liver: Angiotensinogen; Kidney: Renin; Aldosterone: Adrenal Medulla
Kidney: Renin; Liver: Angiotensinogen; Lungs: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone
Lungs: Angiotensinogen; Liver: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; Kidney: Renin; Aldosterone: Adrenal cortex
none of the above
The olfactory and gustatory receptors are both examples of what type of receptor?
Photoreceptor
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptor
Nociceptors
What is the name for the connective tissue layer of epithelial membranes?
stratified membrane
aponeurosis
subepithelium
basement membrane
What is the anatomical name for sweat glands?
Sudoriferous
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Sebaceous
Which of these statements best describes the function of neurotransmitters?
Form a chemical bridge to carry the impulse across the synapse.
Increase the permeability of the neuron membrane
Repolarize the neuron after the impulse is transmitted
Actively transport the sodium outside of the neuron
What is the pathophysiology behind trigger point development?
False stretch reflex report from the muscle spindle
Fibrotic build-up within the sarcomeres
Calcium leak that causes actin and myosin bonding
Nerve compression or tension
What is the name of the specialized capillaries that supply the cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid?
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Choroid plexus
Corpus callosum
What part of a neuron contains the vesicles that store and release the neurotransmitters?
Nodes of Ranvier
Synaptic end bulbs
Axon
Cell body
What layer of skin is also considered to be the superficial fascia of the body?
Papillary layer
Granular layer of the epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis
What is the importance of doing "closed chain" exercises when rehabilitating a musculoskeletal injury?
Myofascial adhesions are less likely to develop within the muscle if the exercises place stress on all muscles of the chain.
The closed chain means the cerebellum receives more sensory information to help re-establish efficient muscle recruitment.
Both open and closed chain exercises are necessary to maintain equilibrium and coordination.
The collagen remodeling process cannot be completed without closed chain exercises.
What are some of the factors that appear to contribute to fibromyalgia?
Peripheral neuritis that is a side effect of drug interactions
HPA axis dysfunction, lack of stage IV sleep, central sensitization
Sleep deprivation, untreated depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder
ATP energy crisis, demyelination of local neurons, unique referred pain patterns
Which horizontal fascial planes should be prioritized in a treatment plan to help relieve chronic neck pain associated with a forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and collapsed thorax?
Cranial base and diaphragm
Pelvic floor and cranial base
Thoracic inlet and diaphragm
Diaphragm and iliotibial band
Saltatory nerve impulse conduction only occurs on what kind of neuron?
motor neuron
myelinated neuron
unmyelinated neuron
sensory neuron
What body membrane is classified as a connective tissue membrane?
Respiratory
Mucous
Synovial
Serous
A sarcomere of skeletal muscle is small unit of bundled:
myofibrils
myofilaments
myofibers
none of the above
Which of the following are receptors for vision?
rods and cones
olfactory cells
gustatory cells
taste buds
What is the most common form of anxiety disorder?
Agoraphobia (a.k.a., Phobic disorder)
Panic disorder (a.k.a., Panic attack disorder)
General anxiety disorder (a.k.a., General anxiety disorder)
Social phobia (a.k.a., Social anxiety disorder)
Which cranial nerve is affected in the pathology of Bell's palsy?
Trigeminal
Accessory
Facial
Vagus
Which muscle attachment is generally on the bone that moves during any motion?
aponeurotic
insertion
tenoperiosteal
origin
What is another term for nerve impulse?
Action potential
Polarizing potential
Electric impulse
Hyperpolarization
What is the function of the cutaneous membrane?
Covers and protects the organs in the abdominal cavity
Lines the cavities open to the external environment
Provides the outer protective covering for the entire body
Lines the dorsal cavities
Which type of receptor is a specialized mechanoreceptor found in skeletal muscles and joints?
Thermoreceptor
Nociceptor
Proprioceptor
none of the above
Fibromyalgia is identified by:
Central sensitization; pain that begins in one area but spreads from there
Sensitivity amplification, fatigue, mental fogginess
Active and latent trigger points, referred pain, stiffness after rest
Fatigue that is unrelieved by rest, occasional digestive upset, extreme allergies
What portion of a muscle cell is the actual contractile unit?
sarcomere
sarcolemma
sarcoplasmic reticulum
none of the above
The gluteal, sciatic, and posterior femoral nerves are all major branches of which plexus?
Brachial plexus
Sacral plexus
Cervical plexus
Lumbar plexus
Although most skeletal muscle generally has a 50:50 mix of fiber types, postural muscles tend to have a higher ratio of which type of fiber?
Fast twitch
Type I
White
Type II
Once stimulus is removed, which of these is the last step in the sliding filament mechanism?
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcomere.
Myosin heads form cross-bridges with the exposed bonding sites on actin.
ATP is used to detach the myosin heads so they can flip forward to the next actin bonding site.
ATP is used to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Which layer of skin contains the blood vessels and sensory receptors?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
none of the above
The neuromuscular reflex that inhibits the antagonist of a contracting muscle is called:
Contract-relax
reciprocal inhibition
all or none
none of the above
The mineralocorticoid hormones are secreted by what endocrine gland?
adrenal gland
kidney
posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
In the body's tensegrity system, which components serve as the compression spacers?
muscle and tendons
cartilage and joint capsules
bones
abdominal organs
What is meant by the term fascial plasticity?
It refers to the stiff plastic feeling of fascial planes when in their sol state.
It refers to the rich network of nerves that create piezoelectricity in fascia.
That all fascia have a limited capacity to stretch and rebound
It denotes the changeable, responsive, and adaptive nature of fascia.
What fascial layer surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber?
epimysium
perimysium
deep fascia
endomysium
What are the therapeutic implications of fascial plasticity and the direct link between myofascial receptors and the autonomic nervous system?
Myofascial techniques are the most important form of manual therapy for relief of chronic pain.
The best therapeutic intervention for chronic pain patients is eliminating myofascial trigger points.
All forms of manual therapy are likely to stimulate an emotional release in addition to reduced pain.
All forms of manual therapy should be considered as primary modalities for relief of chronic pain.
What does the ACTH abbreviation stand for?
acetylcholinesterase tropic hormone
adenocalcitriole transfer hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
accelerating cortical thymosin hormone
The constant production of keratinocytes occurs in the deepest layer of the epidermis, or the stratum
granulosum
spinosum
corneum
germinativum
What is the best description of diabetes mellitus?
A) A group of conditions that lead to hypoglycemia
B) The result of damage to beta cells in the pancreas
C) A group of conditions that lead to hyperglycemia
D) The result of insulin resistance in muscle cells
The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium of skeletal muscle collectively form which of the four fascial tubes in the body?
Pannicular
Axial
Visceral
Meningeal
Manual therapy methods that use some type of repositioning designed to reverse gamma gain include positional release, strain counter-strain, and:
Functional technique
Trager method
Alexander technique
Rolfing
Which of these is the best definition of a kinetic chain?
A) A group of associated muscles that are engaged in a specific sequence to create a complex and coordinated movement
B) The neurofascial imprints on the cerebrum that develop with repetition of movements
C) The myofascial connections that communicate tension between muscles in a body region
D) A series of muscles in the same extremity that are anatomically connected
The endocrine glands located in the head are the:
pineal, thyroid, and parathyroid
hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal
thymus, pineal, and thyroid
pituitary, thymus, hypothalamus, and adenoids
The process of coordinating and rotating the work between different motor units in the postural muscles is called what?
Motor tone
Motor unit recruitment
Graded response
Muscle recruitment
Which type of accessory gland plays the larger role in regulation of temperature, pH, and fluid balance?
eccrine
apocrine
sebaceous
none of the above
What is the term for the small gap between Schwann cells in the myelin sheath of axons?
Neurilemma
Synaptic cleft
Nodes of Ranvier
Sarcolemma
