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Worksheets

Unit 1

Total questions: 183

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Essential Elements:

a)

Any elements needed by living organisms to live in large quantities

b)

Any elements not needed by living organisms in large quantities

c)

Any elements needed by living organisms in small quantities

d)

Any elements not needed by living organisms in small quantities

2.

How many naturally occurring elements are essential?

a)

25/92

b)

27/92

c)

23/92

d)

22/92

3.

96% of all living matter is composed of....

a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

b)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Helium

c)

Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus

d)

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus

4.

Trace Elements:

a)

Any elements required by living organisms in tiny quantities

b)

Any elements not required by living organism in tiny quantities

c)

any elements required by living organisms in large quantities

d)

Any elements not required by living organisms in large quantities

5.

Atoms are the (a)   unit of matter that has the ability to maintain life

6.

What are the three subatomic particles atoms are composed of?

a)
  1. 1. Proton

  2. 2. Neutron

  3. 3. Electron

b)
  1. 1. enzyme

  2. 2. structure

  3. 3. movement

c)
  1. 1. monosaccharide

  2. 2. disaccharide

  3. 3. polysaccharide

7.

What is a proton's charge and location?

a)

Positive charge -

located in the nucleus

b)

Positive charge - located in electron cloud

c)

Negative charge - located in nucleus

d)

No charge - located in nucleus

8.

What is a neutron's charge and location?

a)

Positive charge -

located in the nucleus

b)

no charge - located in electron cloud

c)

Negative charge - located in nucleus

d)

No charge - located in nucleus

9.

What is an electron's charge and location?

a)

Positive charge -

located in the nucleus

b)

negative charge- located in nucleus

c)

Negative charge - located in electron cloud

d)

No charge - located in nucleus

10.

Atomic Number:

a)

Number of protons in nucleus

b)

the atoms's total mass

c)

sum of protons and neutrons

11.

Atomic Mass

a)

Number of protons in nucleus

b)

the atoms's total mass

c)

sum of protons and neutrons

12.

Mass Number:

a)

Number of protons in nucleus

b)

the atoms's total mass

c)

sum of protons and neutrons

13.

Electrons are responsible for (a)   .

14.

To bond, atoms use their ___________.

a)

valance electrons

b)

neutrons

c)

protons

d)

electrons

15.

Where are valance electrons located?

a)

The outermost shell

b)

the innermost shell

c)

the middle shell

d)

the nucleus

16.

ionic bond:

a)

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal

b)

a bond between two or more nonmetals

17.

covalent bond:

a)

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal

b)

a bond between two or more nonmetals

18.

The electrons in an ionic bond are....

a)

transferred

b)

shared

19.

The electrons in an covalent bond are....

a)

transferred

b)

shared

20.

electronegativity:

a)

an atom's attraction for an electron in a bond

b)

when an atom has too many negative electrons

21.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond:

a)

electrons are shared equally between two atoms

b)

electrons are NOT shared equally between two covalently bonded atoms

22.

Polar Covalent Bond:

a)

electrons are shared equally between two atoms

b)

electrons are NOT shared equally between two covalently bonded atoms

23.

(a)   Bond forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

24.

True or Flase?

Vander Waals interactions are attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of the charges.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

25.

True or False?

Although no polar covalent bonds share electrons equally, they may not be equal all the time.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

26.

if electrons are distributed assymetricaly in molecules, they can result in " (a)   " of positive/negative charge

27.

Water formula:

(a)  

28.

Water is.....

a)

polar

b)

nonpolar

29.

The oxygen region on a water molecule is slightly....

a)

positive

b)

negative

30.

The hydrogen regions on a water molecule is slightly....

a)

positive

b)

negative

31.

A water molecule's polarity allows it to form ______ bonds with other water molecules

a)

hydrogen

b)

ionic

c)

covalent

d)

polypeptide

32.

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

a)

cohesion and adhesion

b)

polarity and universal solvent

c)

High heat of vaporization and high specific heat

d)

ice temperature and bubbles

33.

Cohesion:

a)

water's ability to hold molecules together with hydrogen bonds

b)

water's ability to stick to other things/surfaces

34.

Adhesion:

a)

water's ability to hold molecules together with hydrogen bonds

b)

water's ability to stick to other things/surfaces

35.

What is the Universal Solvent?

*write answer in the molecular formula*

(a)  

36.

solvent:

a)

the dissolving agent of a soltuion

b)

a liquid that this a homogeneos mixture of substances

37.

solution:

a)

the dissolving agent of a soltuion

b)

a liquid that this a homogeneos mixture of substances

38.

Aqueous Solution:

a)

one in which water is the solvent

b)

a liquid that is a homoegneos mixture of substances

39.

Water dissolves anything that is.....?

a)

ionic or polar

b)

ionic or nonpolar

c)

covalent or polar

d)

covalent or nonpolar

40.

Water loving - ionic or polar covalent

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

41.

water fearing - non polar covalent

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

42.

Colloid:

a)

a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid

b)

a stable suspension of bulky particles in a liquid

43.

High Specific Heat:

a)

the amount of heat absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change temperature by 1 degree celcius

b)

the cooling of a surface as a liquid evaporates off the surface

44.

Evaporative Cooling:

a)

the amount of heat absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change temperature by 1 degree celcius

b)

the cooling of a surface as a liquid evaporates off the surface

45.

What molecule's high specific heat is

1 cal / g / degree celcius

a)

water

b)

iron

c)

nitrogen

d)

helium

46.

When a hydrogen bond breaks heat is...

a)

absorbed

b)

released

47.

When a hydrogen bond forms heat is...

a)

absorbed

b)

released

48.

heat of vaporization:

a)

the amount of heat a liquid need to absorb for 1g to be converted to a gas

b)

the cooling of a surface as a liquid exasperated off the surface

49.

Evaporative Cooling is used to....

a)

stabilize body temperature

b)

get rid of excess water

c)

create sweat

50.

ice is ____ dense than water

a)

less

b)

more

c)

equal

51.

Water is MOST dense at...

a)

4 degrees celcius

b)

-4 degrees celcius

c)

-3 degrees celcius

d)

3 degrees celcius

52.

What molecule is this?

a)

water

b)

Nitrogen

c)

amino acid

53.

which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecules?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

e)

amino acids

54.

(a)   is not found in proteins.

55.

phosphorus is found in ______.

a)

lipids and nucleic acids

b)

carbohydrates and proteins

56.

Nitrogen is found in....

a)

nucleic acids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

lipids

57.

Organic Compound: is a compound that contain ______.

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon

c)

nitrogen

58.

An example of an organic compound is.....?

a)

C6 H12 O11

b)

H2O

59.

Inorganic Compound: a compound that doesn't contain ______

a)

carbon

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrogen

60.

An example of an inorganic compounds is....?

a)

C6 H12 O11

b)

H2O

61.

What is the exception to inorganic compounds?

a)

carbon monoxide

b)

carbohydrates

c)

carbon dioxide

62.

How many stable single bonds can carbon have?

a)

4

b)

2

c)

1

d)

3

63.

How many stable double covalent bonds can carbon form?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

64.

True of False?

Carbon has the ability to form chains?

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

65.

Why not use silicon instead of carbon?

a)

the C-C bond is stronger than the S-S bond since carbon has one less ring

b)

the C-C bond is stronger than the S-S bond since carbon has one more ring

c)

the C-C bond is stronger than the S-S bond since carbon has two less rings

d)

the C-C bond is stronger than the S-S bond since carbon has two more rings

66.

What is the hydrogen or oxygen ration of an organic compound?

a)

2:1

b)

3:1

c)

4:1

67.

Proteins and amino acids contain...?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

68.

Nucleic acids and some lipids contain....?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

69.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main groups of organic compounds?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

e)

amino acids

70.

Which element does carbohydrates NOT contain?

a)

carbon

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

nitrogen

71.

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

a)
  1. 1. monosaccharide

  2. 2. disaccharide

  3. 3. polysaccharide

b)
  1. 1. glucose

  2. 2. fructose

  3. 3. galactose

c)
  1. 1. lactose

  2. 2. sucrose

  3. 3. maltose

d)
  1. 1. cellulose

  2. 2. starch

  3. 3. glycogen

72.

What are the three main groups of monosaccharides?

a)
  1. 1. monosaccharide

  2. 2. disaccharide

  3. 3. polysaccharide

b)
  1. 1. glucose

  2. 2. fructose

  3. 3. galactose

c)
  1. 1. lactose

  2. 2. sucrose

  3. 3. maltose

d)
  1. 1. cellulose

  2. 2. starch

  3. 3. glycogen

73.

What are the three main groups of disaccharides?

a)
  1. 1. monosaccharide

  2. 2. disaccharide

  3. 3. polysaccharide

b)
  1. 1. glucose

  2. 2. fructose

  3. 3. galactose

c)
  1. 1. lactose

  2. 2. sucrose

  3. 3. maltose

d)
  1. 1. cellulose

  2. 2. starch

  3. 3. glycogen

74.

What are the three main groups of polyccharides?

a)
  1. 1. monosaccharide

  2. 2. disaccharide

  3. 3. polysaccharide

b)
  1. 1. glucose

  2. 2. fructose

  3. 3. galactose

c)
  1. 1. lactose

  2. 2. sucrose

  3. 3. maltose

d)
  1. 1. cellulose

  2. 2. starch

  3. 3. glycogen

75.

monosaccharide is known as

a)

single sugar

b)

double sugar

76.

disaccharide is known as

a)

single sugar

b)

double sugar

77.

glucose:

a)

sugar produced by plants

b)

sugar in milk

c)

sugar in fruit

78.

galactose:

a)

sugar produced by plants

b)

sugar in milk

c)

sugar in fruit

79.

fructose:

a)

sugar produced by plants

b)

sugar in milk

c)

sugar in fruit

80.

isomer:

a)

same chemical formula different structural formula

b)

different chemical formula same structural formula

81.

sucrose:

a)

table sugar

b)

found in dairy

c)

used to make beer

82.

lactose:

a)

table sugar

b)

found in dairy

c)

used to make beer

83.

maltose

a)

table sugar

b)

found in dairy

c)

used to make beer

84.

sucrose

a)

glucose + fructose

b)

glucose + galactose

c)

glucose + glucose

85.

lactose

a)

glucose + fructose

b)

glucose + galactose

c)

glucose + glucose

86.

maltose

a)

glucose + fructose

b)

glucose + galactose

c)

glucose + glucose

87.

starch:

a)

used by plants to store excess sugar

b)

excess sugar stored in the liver and muscle cells

c)

primary component of wood and cell walls - indigestible by humans

88.

glycogen:

a)

used by plants to store excess sugar

b)

excess sugar stored in the liver and muscle cells

c)

primary component of wood and cell walls - indigestible by humans

89.

cellulose:

a)

used by plants to store excess sugar

b)

excess sugar stored in the liver and muscle cells

c)

primary component of wood and cell walls - indigestible by humans

90.

Alpha Glucose:

a)

the -OH attached to the C1 (carbon after oxygen on the ring) is in a downward orientation

b)

the -OH attached to the C1 (carbon after oxygen on the ring) is in a upward orientation

91.

Beta Glucose:

a)

the -OH attached to the C1 (carbon after oxygen on the ring) is in a downward orientation

b)

the -OH attached to the C1 (carbon after oxygen on the ring) is in a upward orientation

92.

(a)   is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

93.

ruminants CANNOT digest cellulose

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

94.

Lipids:

a)

are water insoluable compounds

b)

are water insoluable organic compounds

95.

Which of the following is lipid functions?

a)
  1. 1. high energy molecules

  2. 2. chemical messengers

  3. 3. form membranes

b)
  1. 1. high energy molecules

  2. 2. chemical messangers

  3. 3. storage

96.

lipids are composed of:

a)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

b)

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

c)

carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus

d)

hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus

97.

Lipids do not form polymers.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

98.

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?

a)

fats

b)

phospholipid

c)

steroids

d)

amino acids

99.

(a)   is the fat molecules in the human body.

100.

Where are triglycerides stored?

a)

vacuoles

b)

adipose cells

c)

cytoplasm

d)

within the cell membrane

101.

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol backbone = 1 triglyceride and 3 H2O

What equation is this?

a)

triglyceride

b)

macromolecule

c)

adipose tissue

102.

triglycerides materials are combined using what process?

a)

dehydration synthesis

b)

hydrolysis

103.

Are the following TRUE functions of adipose tissue?

  1. 1. energy storage

  2. 2. cushion organs

  3. 3. insulate the body

a)

YES

b)

NO

c)

MAYBE?

104.

fats contain __ the amount of energy of carbs and proteins.

a)

2x

b)

3x

c)

4x

d)

5x

105.

four fused carbon rings + different assortments of functional groups = steroids

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

106.

cortisol:

a)

released by the body during times of stress

b)

regulates salt and water in the body

c)

male sex hormone

d)

female sex hormone

e)

hormone that helps prepare the body for pregnancy

107.

aldosterone:

a)

released by the body during times of stress

b)

regulates salt and water in the body

c)

male sex hormone

d)

female sex hormone

e)

hormone that helps prepare the body for pregnancy

108.

testosterone

a)

released by the body during times of stress

b)

regulates salt and water in the body

c)

male sex hormone

d)

female sex hormone

e)

hormone that helps prepare the body for pregnancy

109.

estradiol:

a)

released by the body during times of stress

b)

regulates salt and water in the body

c)

male sex hormone

d)

female sex hormone

e)

hormone that helps prepare the body for pregnancy

110.

progesterone:

a)

released by the body during times of stress

b)

regulates salt and water in the body

c)

male sex hormone

d)

female sex hormone

e)

hormone that helps prepare the body for pregnancy

111.

Waxes are strongly ____________.

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

112.

Saturated Fats:

a)

contain all single C-C bonds

b)

contain some double C=C bonds

113.

Unsaturated Fats:

a)

contain all single C-C bonds

b)

contain some double C=C bonds

114.

animal fats are

a)

saturated

b)

unsaturated

115.

saturated fats are ______ at room temperature

a)

solid

b)

gas

c)

liquid

116.

unsaturated fats are ______ at room temperature

a)

solid

b)

gas

c)

liquid

117.

________ fats contribute to cardivasicular disease - plaque build up

a)

saturated

b)

unsaturated

118.

monounsaturated fats have _______ C=C bonds

a)

one

b)

multiple

119.

polyunsaturated fats have _______ C=C bonds

a)

one

b)

multiple

120.

Cholesterol is a steroid that is the KEY component in the ____ ________

(a)  

121.

Cholesterol makes the cell membrane more ____ is warmer conditions

a)

rigid

b)

fluid-like

122.

Cholesterol makes the cell membrane more ____ is colder conditions

a)

rigid

b)

fluid-like

123.

Cholesterol is very __________.

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

124.

_________ transfer fat molecules through the body via bloodstream

a)

lipoproteins

b)

enzymes

c)

amino acids

125.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is the ____ cholesterol.

a)

bad

b)

good

126.

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is the ____ cholesterol.

a)

bad

b)

good

127.

LDLs come from....

a)

saturated fats

b)

unsaturated fats

128.

LDL's....

a)

are very large bulky molecules that deposite cholesterol on blood vessel walls

b)

will remove cholesterol from the arteries and bring it back to the liver

129.

HDL's....

a)

are very large bulky molecules that deposite cholesterol on blood vessel walls

b)

will remove cholesterol from the arteries and bring it back to the liver

130.

Which of the following does HDL NOT come from?

a)

plant oils

b)

fish

c)

nuts

d)

soy

e)

water

131.

1 glycerol + 1 phosphate + 2 fatty acids = phospholipid

True or False?

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

132.

Fatty acid tails are...

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

133.

Fatty acid heads are...

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

134.

which of the following can phospholipids not do?

a)

assemble into a bubble (micelle)

b)

can form a phospholipid bilayer

c)

can form a cell membrane

135.

___________ _________ is the process used to combine simple sugars into more complex structures

(a)  

136.

glycosidic bond:

a)

C-O-C bond

b)

C-N-C bond

c)

C-C bond

d)

C=C bond

137.

When dehydration synthesis occurs the hydroxyl (-OH) of one monosaccharide joins with the hydrogen (H) of another monosaccharide and a H2O molecule is released.

True or False?

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

138.

(a)   : the process in which water is added to a molecule to break bonds

139.

Which of the following is not a function of nucleic acids?

a)

genes (blueprints for building proteins / next generation)

b)

store information

c)

transfer information

d)

fight off infections

140.

Nitrogen bases (C-N ring):

a)

A

b)

C

c)

T

d)

G

e)

All are correct

141.

Pentose Sugar:

a)

5 carbon sugar

b)

4 carbon sugar

c)

3 carbon sugar

d)

6 carbon sugar

142.

Purines:

a)

A and T

b)

A and G

c)

G and C

d)

C and T

143.

purimadines:

a)

C, T, U

b)

A and G

c)

C and T

d)

C and U

144.

DNA is __________ charged.

a)

negatively

b)

positively

145.

nucleotides bond between DNA strands with _______ bonds

a)

polypeptide

b)

hydrogen

146.

pyrimides have ____ carbon ring(s).

a)

one

b)

two

147.

purines have ____ carbon ring(s).

a)

one

b)

two

148.

the nucleic acid backbone is made of alternating _____ and ______. With a bond known as phosphodiester bond.

a)

sugar and phosphate

b)

proteins and lipids

c)

Adenine and Thymine

d)

Cytosine and Guanine

149.

True or False?

DNA structure: antiparallel double helix - 5' to 3' orientation

a)

T

b)

F

150.

Two strands of DNA helix are ......?

a)

complementary

b)

supplementary

151.

Nucleic acids have linear sequences that have ends that are defined by 3' hydroxyl and 5' phosphate. During synthesis, nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand. AKA covalent bonding.

True or False?

a)

T

b)

F

152.

When does DNA NOT need to be copied?

a)

Cell Division = Mitosis

b)

gamete formation = Meiosis

c)

Hydrolysis

153.

What are the three main components of DNA and RNA?

a)

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen bases

b)

sugar, nitrogen bases, adenine

c)

phosphate, ribose, nitrogen bases

154.

Which of the following are NOT the same for BOTH DNA and RNA

a)

covalent bonding between monomers

b)

form linear 5'-3' molecules

c)

nitrogen bases perpendicular to phosphate backbone

d)

contains uracil

155.

Which of the following is the BEST difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

deoxyribose sugar vs. ribose sugar

b)

thymine vs. uracil

c)

double stranded vs. single stranded

d)

double DNA strands are antiparrallel in direction

156.

Proteins are ___________ molecules

a)

multipurpose

b)

singular purpose

157.

What is the most diverse group in terms of structure / function?

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

nucleic acids

d)

lipids

158.

True of False?

The following are functions of proteins:

  1. 1. enzyme

  2. 2. structure

  3. 3. carriers and transport

  4. 4. cell communication

  5. 5. defense

  6. 6. movement

  7. 7. storage

a)

T

b)

F

159.

How many amino acids exist?

a)

20

b)

15

c)

18

d)

22

160.

Protein polymer = (a)  

161.

Proteins can be one or more polypeptide _________ together - large complex molecules with 3D shape

a)

folded / bonded

b)

glued

c)

taped

d)

magnitized

162.

What is this?

a)

amino acid

b)

nucleotide

c)

phospholipid

163.

If the R group on an amino acid is nonpolar, it will make the whole amino acid _____?

a)

nonpolar and hydrophobic

b)

polar or charge and hydrophilic

164.

If the R group on an amino acid is polar, it will make the whole amino acid _____?

a)

nonpolar and hydrophobic

b)

polar or charge and hydrophilic

165.

_________ _______: covalent crosslinks between sulfhydryl groups - helps stabilize 3D structure

(a)  

166.

amino acids that contain _______ have the ability to form disulfide bridges

a)

sulfur

b)

phosphate

c)

nitrogen

167.

(a)   chains are formed by bonding amino acids together through dehydration synthesis.

168.

the (a)   bond is formed between the N-terminal (amine) of one amino acid and the C-terminal (carboxyl) of another amino acid.

169.

polypeptide chains have direction!!

N-terminus =

a)

NH2 end

b)

COOH end

170.

polypeptide chains have direction!!

C-terminus =

a)

NH2 end

b)

COOH end

171.

As a polypeptide is being created, additional amino acids are always added to the ___-terminal

a)

C

b)

N

172.

Structure determines (a)  

173.

Primary Structure (1):

a)

the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

b)

"local folding" of the protein - interactions between adjacent amino acids

c)

is the folding of the whole protein molecule

d)

is when more than one polypeptide chain bonds together

174.

Secondary Structure (2):

a)

the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

b)

"local folding" of the protein - interactions between adjacent amino acids

c)

is the folding of the whole protein molecule

d)

is when more than one polypeptide chain bonds together

175.

Tertiary Structure (3):

a)

the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

b)

"local folding" of the protein - interactions between adjacent amino acids

c)

is the folding of the whole protein molecule

d)

is when more than one polypeptide chain bonds together

176.

Quatemary Structure (4):

a)

the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

b)

"local folding" of the protein - interactions between adjacent amino acids

c)

is the folding of the whole protein molecule

d)

is when more than one polypeptide chain bonds together

177.

the amino acid sequence is determined by:

a)

genes/DNA

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

what the human chooses it to be

178.

Has hydrophobic interactions between distant amino acids

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quatemary

179.

Not all proteins reach this structure.

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quatemary

180.

Since the cytoplasm is (a)   -based, nonpolar amino acids cluster away.

181.

(a)   proteins: act as a guide for protein folding and provide "shelter" for polypeptides to keep them separated from cytoplasmic influences as they are folding.

182.

Protein (a)   : the unfolding of a protein due to conditions that disrupt hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges. Ex: temperature

183.

denaturation leads to changes in the ___ and ___ structures

a)

2nd and 3rd

b)

1st and 2nd

c)

1st and 3rd

d)

2nd and 4th