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WorksheetsSPED 8: Week 11 Lit Endorsement Practice
Total questions: 142
Worksheet time: 5hrs 44mins
Which stage of spelling development involves using letters without understanding letter-sound correspondences?
Semiphonetic stage
Phonetic stage
Precommunicative stage
Transitional stage
In which stage do children begin to use single letters to represent words, sounds, and syllables?
Phonetic stage
Semiphonetic stage
Correct stage
Precommunicative stage
What is a characteristic of the phonetic stage of spelling development?
Using letters from the alphabet without sound correspondence
Using a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound
Understanding common letter patterns in words
Recognizing incorrect forms of words
Which stage involves a greater understanding of common letter patterns and word structure?
Precommunicative stage
Semiphonetic stage
Transitional stage
Phonetic stage
At which stage do spellers know common letter-sound relationships and generalizations for spelling?
Transitional stage
Correct stage
Phonetic stage
Semiphonetic stage
What is 'invented' spelling?
A system for teaching spelling to adults
A technique for learning advanced vocabulary
A child's use of phonetic spelling strategies for unknown words
A method of memorizing letter sequences
Why is explicit teaching of conventional spelling important?
Children naturally infer correct spelling without instruction
It helps children learn the correct spelling of all necessary words
It focuses solely on memorization techniques
It is only important for advanced learners
During which phase of Ehri's model do children start to recognize words by sight?
Consolidated alphabetic phase
Full alphabetic phase
Partial alphabetic phase
Pre-alphabetic phase
What is a key characteristic of the partial alphabetic phase in Ehri's model?
Children understand complex spelling patterns
Children can read words by sight without decoding
Children use some letter-sound knowledge to read words
Children use visual cues to recognize words
In Ehri's phases, which phase involves the use of larger units of letters to read words, children develop an increasing automatic sight word recognition, orthographic mapping, syllable patterns, morphemes, and demonstrate phonemic awareness, including deletion, substitution and reversal of phonemes.
Pre-alphabetic phase
Full alphabetic phase
Consolidated alphabetic phase
Partial alphabetic phase
Phonological Awareness is
Individual unit of sound
The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in words
An understanding that oral language can be divided into smaller units and manipulated
The study of the pronunciation of sounds
Phoneme
Individual sound units in a spoken word
Ability to manipulate sounds segments in words
An instructional approach to teaching reading
A sound system
Which of the following would be considered the first step in building phonological awareness?
Segmenting <boat> into its onset and rime.
Identifying the first sound in <rain>
Clapping the syllables in <table>
Blending the small words sun - shine
Which of the following students has attained the highest level of phonological awareness?
A student who can change the /sl/ in slip to /fl/
A student who can orally segment the word wonderful into won-der-ful.
A student who can identify the number of words in the sentence, "I like to eat pizza."
A student who can orally segment the word train into its onset and rime.
Which of the following are examples of phonemic awareness activities?
Blending /s/ /u/ /n/ to make sun
Saying playing without /ing/
Identifying the first sound in chair as /ch/
Blending /fl/ - /ipped/ to make flipped
Changing the /s/ in sat to /k/ to make cat
Which of the following is phoneme segmentation?
"Say meat. Say it again without the /m/."
"/b/ /a/ /th/. What's the word?"
"Which word rhymes with 'ball?"
"Say meat. What are the sounds in meat?"
Which of the following is phoneme isolation?
"Say meat. What is the first sound you hear in meat?"
"Say meat. What are the sounds in meat?"
"/m/ /ee/ /t/. What is the word?'
"Say meat. Now say the word again, but don't say /t/."
Which of the following is phoneme blending?
"Say meat. What is the first sound you hear in meat?"
"Say meat. What are the sounds in meat?"
"/m/ /ee/ /t/. What is the word?'
"Say meat. Now say the word again, but don't say /t/."
A kindergarten teacher could best determine if a child has begun to develop phonemic awareness by asking the child to
count the number of words that the child hears in a sentence as the teacher says the sentence.
say the word cat, then say the first sound the child hears in the word.
point to the correct letter on an alphabet chart as the teacher names specific letters.
listen to the teacher say boat and coat, then identify whether the two words rhyme.
Which of the following ways is the best way for a teacher to assess students' phonological awareness?
Saying the word "lamp" and asking students to come up with rhyming words.
Asking students to identify the letter at the beginning of the word desk.
Distributing letter cards "b," "a," and "t" and asking students to order the letters to create a word.
Displaying the written word "cat" and asking students to sound it out as they tap each letter.
A first grade teacher engages students in phonemic awareness activities. Students have worked on segmenting and blending words and are now ready to work on phoneme deletion. Which of the following activities best incorporates the target concept.
Asking students to guess which classmate's name will be said by enunciating the first phoneme only and repeating several times.
Directing students to look at picture cards and telling them to identify one word in a series of four containing a different vowel sound.
Presenting students with a colored tile that represents one phoneme and adding a different colored tile representing a new sound.
Showing students a word made of three different colored tiles containing three phonemes and removing one colored tile to create a new word.
A student who is beginning to recognize rhyming words is at which level of phonological/phonemic awareness?
Early Phonological Awareness
Basic Phonemic Awareness
Advanced Phonemic Awareness
A student who is able to delete the initial phoneme of a word to create a new word is at which stage of phonological/phonemic awareness?
Early Phonological Awareness
Basic Phonemic Awareness
Advanced Phonemic Awareness
A grapheme is
a word part that contains a vowel.
the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word.
a broad term that includes phonemic awareness.
A teacher asks a student if the words cat and fat rhyme. The student says yes. This student is demonstrating
phonemic awareness
phonological awaeness
What is the initial sound in this word?
/ŭ/
s
/n/
/s/
When students segment a word, they _______.
blend its sounds together
give a rhyming word
separate a word into its graphemes
separate a word into all of its sounds
Phonics is different from phonemic awareness in that phonics includes awareness of sounds and ______.
letters
numbers
pictures
sentences
Word awareness, syllable awareness, onset-rime awareness, and phoneme awareness are all part of
(a)
The vowel and everything that comes after the beginning consonant(s) of a one-syllable word is called
(a)
The beginning consonant(s) of a one-syllable word is called
(a)
Change the medial sound /a/ to /i/. What is the new word.
tick
teck
tuck
tock
Change the medial /i/ to /e/. What is the new word?
wull
wall
well
woll
What is the analysis of the letters in a word to determine its pronunciation?
phonemic awareness
phonics
phonemes
decoding
What are the individual sounds within words?
decoding
phonological awareness
phonemes
phonics
Which concept should be taught before phonics?
fluency
phonemic awareness
comprehension
vocabulary
What should kindergarten students practice, even before phonemic awareness?
rhyming and syllables
blending and segmenting
fluency and comprehension
phonics and vocabulary
When is phonemic awareness best taught?
preschool and pre-kindergarten
kindergarten and 1st grade
1st and 2nd grade
2nd and 3rd grade
Which 2 phonemic awareness skills have been found to give the greatest reading advantage to kindergarten and 1st grade children?
syntax and semantics
blending and segmenting
facts and concepts
syllables and spelling
What are 2 things a classroom should have when students have phonemic awareness instruction?
cool temperature and soft lighting
students in seats and Promethean board visible
multiple adults and students modeling
quiet and students seated to see the teacher's mouth
What has been shown to obtain the best learning results in phonemic awareness instruction?
when letter instruction is also combined with the instruction
when students can pick out rhymes in a poem
when students sit up straight in their seats
when a story accompanies the phonemic awareness instruction
What should the instruction look like during phonemic awareness time? (choose 2)
students do a worksheet independently
brief, simple, and enjoyable
multiple choice questions and answers
language songs, games, and activities that encourage listening
When have students successfully accomplished learning phonemic awareness?
when they can fully segment words with ease
when they can get 80% or higher on spelling tests
when they can identify all of the rhyming words in a poem
when they can complete a word ladder on their own
What is phoneme segmentation?
Breaking down a word into its individual phonemes
Combining multiple words into one phoneme
Identifying the stress pattern in a word
Analyzing the meaning of a word based on its phonetic components
What is blending sounds?
The process of separating individual sounds to create a new sound or word.
The process of combining individual sounds to create a new language.
The process of combining individual sounds to create a new image.
The process of combining individual sounds to create a new sound or word.
What is syllable division?
The process of dividing a word into morphemes.
The process of dividing a word into syllables.
The process of combining syllables to form a word.
The process of dividing a word into letters.
What are vowel digraphs?
Two vowels that make a single sound
A vowel and a consonant that make a single sound
Two vowels that make separate sounds
Two consonants that make a single sound
Which subtopic focuses on breaking words into individual sounds?
syllables
grammar
phonics
vocabulary
Which subtopic focuses on combining two vowel sounds?
consonants
syllables
vowels
diphthongs
Which subtopic focuses on dividing words into syllables?
Phonetics
Syllabification
Morphology
Syntax
Which subtopic focuses on blending sounds together to form words?
Morphology
Syntax
Phonics
Semantics
What is the process of combining two vowel sounds called?
vowel merging
vowel amalgamation
vowel fusion
vowel coalescence
What is the process of breaking words into individual sounds called?
Phonological analysis
Morphological analysis
Lexical decomposition
Phonemic segmentation
Being able to analyze and manipulate sounds at the word and syllable level.
Language Structures
Encoding
Phonological Awareness
Literacy Knowledge
Knowledge that a student uses to determine the pronunciation of an unknown word.
Background Knowledge
Encoding
Phonological Awareness
Decoding
Automatic recognition of the pronunciation of words without decoding.
Sight Recognition
Encoding
Phonological Awareness
Decoding
What is the first of Ehri's phases in learning to read words?
Alphabetic Phase
Pre-Alphabetic Phase
Phonemic Awareness Phase
Grapheme-Phoneme Phase
According to Ehri's theory, what do children in the pre-alphabetic phase use to identify words?
Systematic phonics instruction
Context clues and visual cues
Advanced decoding strategies
Complete phonological awareness
What should instruction for children in the pre-alphabetic phase focus on?
Grammar and sentence structure
Phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, and grapheme-phoneme correspondences
Vocabulary and comprehension strategies
Writing and spelling rules
Which of the following is true about the pre-alphabetic phase?
It is an advanced stage of reading development.
It involves systematic connections between letters and sounds.
It is a normal part of reading development, typically overcome early in kindergarten.
It relies heavily on phonics instruction from the start.
What is the partial alphabetic phase characterized by?
Complete reliance on phonemic awareness
Use of grapheme-phoneme or letter-sound connections
Ability to decode words quickly and accurately
Full understanding of letter-sound correspondences
In the partial alphabetic phase, how might children guess unfamiliar words?
By using context clues and the first letter sound
By recognizing the entire word visually
By decoding each letter sound sequentially
By relying on phonetic cue reading exclusively
What is the main limitation of the partial alphabetic phase according to the text?
It is less reliable than visual cue reading
It does not provide a way to read novel words in print
It overemphasizes phonemic awareness
It relies solely on the last letter sound of words
What is the focus of instruction in the full alphabetic phase?
Encouraging guessing of words based on the first letter
Strengthening grapheme-phoneme correspondences
Relying on visual cues for word recognition
Avoiding phonemic awareness activities
According to the text, when do typically developing readers begin the full alphabetic phase?
Late kindergarten or early first grade
Before starting kindergarten
At the end of first grade
During preschool
What concept is emphasized through repeated exposures to words with taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences in the full alphabetic phase?
Phonetic cue reading
Orthographic mapping
Visual cue reading
Contextual guessing
What does the consolidated alphabetic phase involve according to the text?
Focusing solely on individual phonemes
Using chunks to decode, such as consonant blends, digraphs, and vowel teams
Reading words quickly and effortlessly
Decoding unfamiliar words with high developed automaticity
At what stage of reading development is orthographic mapping said to continue to develop as chunks become more instantly recognizable?
Automatic phase
Initial reading phase
Consolidated alphabetic phase
Pre-reading phase
What is the focus of instruction in the consolidated alphabetic phase?
Decoding individual phonemes
Recognizing common word families
Promoting orthographic mapping of various chunks within words
Learning to read quickly and effortlessly
What is the Alphabetic Principle?
Knowledge of letter sounds
Understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds
Learning letter names
Identifying, naming, and writing letters
Which approach compares words to identify patterns and applies this knowledge to new words (e.g., ran/can)?
Analytic
Synthetic
Which approach blends individual sounds together to form words (e.g., c-a-t/cat)?
Analytic
Synthetic
Which of the following statements is true about effective phonics instruction?
Develops an understanding of the Alphabetic Principle
Incorporates phonemic awareness
Provides sufficient practice in reading words
Leads to automatic word recognition
All of the above
According to the simple view of reading
decoding = language comprehension
language comprehension = reading comprehension
decoding X language comprehension = reading comprehension
decoding X reading comprehension = language comprehension
Within the Simple View of Reading, vocabulary is related to
decoding
reading comprehension
language comprehension
none of these
All children enter school with knowledge of about the same number of words.
True
False
Which of the following words are considered "Tier 1 words?"
polygon
cat
house
extraordinary
Which of the following tasks would best provide practice for automating letter recognition in kindergarteners?
oral production (singing, recitation) of the alphabet song
naming uppercase and lowercase printed letters in random order
pointing to words in print as the teacher reads the text
giving a sound for each letter that the teacher points to
A good phonics lesson should include opportunities for students to apply the phoneme-grapheme relationships that have been explicitly taught. Which text type would best provide the practice needed?
grade-level text
leveled reader
predictable text
decodable text
A second-grade student writes: "I have finely finished my math project." Her misspelling of the word finally most likely indicates which of the following?
She needs to know how the meaningful parts (morphemes) distinguish a word.
She does not know basic letter-sound correspondences.
She is not attentive to the sounds in the word.
She needs to learn to pay closer attention to the syllable types.
Which of these students has the greatest need for intervention focused on systematic, explicit phonics instruction?
a first-grader who can decode nonsense words but is disorganized when retelling a story
a kindergartener who is good at letter naming but weak in phoneme segmentation
a second-grader who relies on context clues to identify words but has trouble sounding out unfamiliar words, including nonsense words
a third-grader who still sounds out irregular, high-frequency words such as said and does
Relationship between sounds and their spellings
Decoding
Phonics
sight-word method
Helps children hear how sounds are put together to make words
oral blending
oral segmentation
grapheme
Decoding means...
Converting the printed word into spoken language
relationship between sounds and their spellings
The understanding or insight that a word is made up of a series of discreet sounds
Understanding or insight that a word is made up of a series of discrete sounds
(a)
Knowing the names of the letters and the sounds they represent
alphabet recognition
phonemic awareness
Knowledge of spelling patterns. (Used to spell)
(a)
Grapheme
The written representation of one sound
Smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another
These activities help children separate words into sounds
(a)
A speech sound, the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another.
(a)
Two consonants appear together in a word, they stand for one sound that is different from either sound of each individual consonant. Ex: sh.../sh/
Digraph
Cluster
Consonant
Sound is one in which the airflow is cut off either partially or completely when the sound is produced
Sound is one in which the airflow is unobstructed when the sound is made
A cue that involves a readers knowledge of the world. This world knowledge helps the reader use cues in the text to discover the meaning of a word that fits into a specific place in a sentence.
(a)
sound is one in which the airflow is obstructed when the sound is made
(a)
What are the 5 Essential Components of Reading
Reading, Writing, Spelling, Grammar, Syntax
Guided Reading, Peer Reading, Choral Reading, Cold Reading
Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, Comprehension
Read Aloud, Quiet Read, Celebrity Reader, Choral Reading, Phonics
DIBELS ISF Measure phonemic awareness
True
False
DIBELS PSF Measure
Fluency
Phonemic Awareness
Vocabulary
DIBELS (Nonsense Word Fluency) measures Phonics
True
False
__________________________ determine how much learning has taken place up to a particular point in time and to track progress toward meeting curriculum goals and objectives.
Formative assessments
Summative assessments
Assesslets
Benchmark assessments
What are the earliest consonants children tend to master?
/s/ and /z/
/m/ and /n/
/t/ and /d/
/k/ and /g/
How do Children tend to learn different vowels and consonants?
The same speed
Different speeds
Very fast speeds
Very slow speeds
By what age have most children typically mastered most consonants?
Two years old
Four years old
Six or seven years old
Ten years old
Which consonants do children tend to master first? Pick all that apply:
Plosive like /p/ and /b/
Fricatives like /th/ and /s/
nasals like /m/ and /n/
Apromximants like /dz/ (j) and /w/
Which group of phonemes is typically developed last?
m b y n w p h
sh th z l r zh
t ng k g f v ch j
Which of the following is a Late 8 phoneme?
b
g
th
p
What is the process called when an extra vowel sound is added to create a CVCV structure?
Deletion
Addition
Substitution
Assimilation
In the process of addition, what does 'dog' become?
dogi
dat
nana
gogi
Which do children tend to learn first?
Vowels
Consonants
In which position of a word, do children find learning consonants easier?
The beginning
The end
The middle
Which of the following reasons might explain why children find learning consonants at the beginning of words easier? Select all that might apply.
They get bored by the end of the word.
They can hear the beginnings of words more clearly when listening to others speak.
They are not physically ready to produce those sounds.
They are not cognitively ready to hear final and middle sounds.
Which of the following activities is an example of phonemic awareness?
Reading a story aloud
Clapping out the sounds in a word
Writing a sentence
Drawing a picture
What is a key strategy in phonics instruction?
Memorizing whole words
Teaching letter-sound relationships
Listening to music
Watching videos
Which exercise involves blending sounds to form a word?
Saying the alphabet
Combining /c/, /a/, /t/ to say "cat"
Counting syllables
Identifying rhymes
What technique is used in segmenting words?
Writing a paragraph
Breaking "dog" into /d/, /o/, /g/
Singing a song
Drawing a diagram
How many phonemes are in the word "shrimp"?
2
3
4
5
Which game involves substituting sounds in words?
Changing the /m/ in "mat" to /s/ to make "sat"
Counting the letters in a word
Drawing a picture of a word
Singing the alphabet song
What is an example of phonemic manipulation?
Reading silently
Rearranging sounds in "bat" to make "tab"
Writing a story
Listening to a podcast
Which activity helps develop phonemic awareness?
Listening to a lecture
Playing rhyming games
Watching a movie
Solving math problems
Which exercise involves blending sounds?
Identifying the first sound in a word
Combining /s/, /i/, /t/ to say "sit"
Counting the number of words in a sentence
Drawing a word
What technique is used in segmenting words?
Writing a poem
Breaking "frog" into /f/, /r/, /o/, /g/
Singing a lullaby
Painting a picture
How many phonemes are in the word "blends"?
6
3
4
5
Which game involves substituting sounds in words?
Changing the /b/ in "bat" to /r/ to make "rat"
Counting the vowels in a word
Drawing a picture of a sentence
Singing a nursery rhyme
How many phonemes are in the word "knot"?
2
3
4
5
Match the following types of figurative language to the correct definition.
Similes
comparing two things using like or as
Metaphors
compare two things not using like or as
Alliteration
repeating the same beginning sound
Onomatopoeia
words that make their own sound
Print awareness is...
knowing how to write letters correctly.
knowing how to read.
knowing the forms and functions of print.
Knowing that printed words are symbols for words in spoken language...
is learned naturally, without explicit instruction.
helps students bridge the gap between oral and written language.
helps students learn vocabulary.
Print knowledge is typically learned by MOST children by ________.
1st grade
3rd grade
preschool
Knowing that printed words are made up of letters is a...
Function of Print
Convention of Print
Book Convention
What kind of syllable is cat
open
closed
v-e
-le
What kind of syllable is like?
open
closed
-le
v-e
What kind of syllable is car?
double vowel
r controlled
closed
open
What kind of syllable is boat?
closed
open
long vowel
double vowel
is the vowel in boss long or short?
long
short
How many syllables does the word computer have?
1
2
3
4
What syllable in the word compete has the schwa sound?
1st syllable
2nd syllable
3rd syllable
What is the stressed syllable in the word compete?
1st syllable
2nd syllable
There are _____ consonant phonemes.
23
24
25
26
There are _____ vowel phonemes.
18
19
20
21
Within a syllable, the portion preceding the vowel is called the _____, and the remainder of the syllable is called the _____.
beginning/ending
onset/rhyme
onset/rime
prefix/base
The use of instructional routines, as a form of ________ instruction, allows students to focus on the content they need to learn rather than the task at hand.
multimodal
systematic
cumulative
explicit
A great tool for supporting students with segmentation is ______
sound boxes
Elkonin boxes
segmentation boxes
tap boxes
