In addition to the 'seven' liberal arts, medieval university students could further their study in the areas of 'law', 'medicine', and ' (a)   '.

Muslim scholars translated the works of Aristotle and other Greek thinkers into Arabic. Their translations and commentaries of these ancient texts spread across the Muslims world. In Muslim Spain, Jewish and Christian scholars translated these works into (a)   , the language of Christian European scholars.

Christian scholars tried to resolve conflict between their religious beliefs and knowledge acquired via logic and (a)   ; as demonstrated by ancient Greek philosophers.

The method that Christian scholars used in their effort to resolve conflict between their religious beliefs and knowledge acquired via observation, trial and error, and reason was (a)   .

(a)   wrote a monumental work, known as the Summa theologica. He concluded that 'reason' exists in harmony with 'adherence to the 'Roman Catholic faith'. He is known for integrating 'Greek philosophy with the Christian faith. He argued that people are not obligated to obey unjust laws or the rulers that enact them.

The ideas that Aquinas developed about natural law, unjust laws, and rebellion influenced European philosophers in the 1600 and 1700s. Their ideas, in turn, influenced men like _____ ______, who wrote the American Declaration of Independence.

(a)  

Science made little progress in Europe in the Middle Ages because most scholars still believed that all true knowledge must fit with (a)   teachings.

In mathematics, Europeans adopted ​ (a)   ____ -_____ numerals, which were much easier to use than the cumbersome Roman numerals that Europeans had used for centuries. (Answer is 2 words. The hyphen is already included)

Latin remained the language of scholars and churchmen, but new writings (including epics, long poems, and stories about warriors and chivalry) began to appear in the local (a)   , or the everyday language of the common people.

The _____ _____, written in the early 1300s by Dante Alighieri, takes readers on an imaginary journey into hell and purgatory, where souls await forgiveness. In this book, Dante talks with people from history who tell him how they earned their place in hell.

(a)  

In The ______ ____, the English writer Geoffrey Chaucer follows a band of English pilgrims (including a knight, a plowman, a merchant, a miller, a monk, and a nun) traveling to Thomas Becket's tomb.

(a)  

Around the year 1000, monasteries and towns were building solid stone churches reflecting Roman influence. These (a)   churches looked like fortresses with thick walls and towers. Their heavy roofs had to be supported by massive stone walls with no windows or tiny slits for windows.

A key feature of the Gothic style was the ______ _____, stone supports that stood outside of the Church. The use of these allowed for the construction of higher, thinner walls and the use of large stain glass windows.

(a)  

____ ____ ____ and carvings were used to illustrate dramatic scenes from the Bible. These works of art were used to educate the largely illiterate masses of people about the Christian faith.

(a)  

Monks, nuns, and other skilled artisans decorated the handwritten books of the time with elaborate designs and illustrations, known as (a)   . The more spectacular of these were done in gold and silver.