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WorksheetsNCLEX-Style COPD and Respiratory Quiz
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Which statement accurately describes a key physiological change in emphysema?
Excessive mucus in the lower respiratory tract obstructs inspiratory airflow.
Chronic inflammation and narrowing of the bronchioles are the primary issues.
Overdistention of alveoli with trapped CO2 obstructs expiratory airflow.
The breakdown of elastin in the alveoli increases their surface area for gas exchange.
A patient presents to the emergency department with sudden shortness of breath and chest pain. Upon assessment, the nurse notes absent breath sounds on the right side of the chest and limited chest expansion. These findings are most indicative of which condition?
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma exacerbation
Pneumothorax
A patient with COPD is experiencing increased dyspnea. The nurse instructs the patient on a breathing technique that can help prolong exhalation and reduce air trapping. Which technique is most appropriate?
Diaphragmatic breathing
Valsalva maneuver
Pursed-lip breathing
Deep breathing and coughing
A patient with COPD is prescribed Albuterol. The nurse understands that Albuterol is classified as a:
Long-acting beta agonist (LABA)
Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA)
Short-acting beta agonist (SABA)
Inhaled corticosteroid
A client is diagnosed with a tension pneumothorax. The nurse understands that this life-threatening condition is characterized by:
Air entering the pleural space and being able to escape freely.
Increased venous return and cardiac output due to pressure changes.
Mediastinal shift towards the unaffected side, compressing the heart and great vessels.
A hole in the chest wall allowing atmospheric air to directly enter the lung.
The primary risk factor identified for the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is:
Occupational exposure to asbestos
Air pollution
Cigarette smoking
Chronic respiratory infections
In severe COPD, a patient's breathing stimulus may change. The nurse understands that this 'hypoxic drive' means that:
High PCO2 levels stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors to increase respirations.
Very low PO2 levels stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors to increase respirations.
Medullary chemoreceptors become highly sensitive to high PCO2.
Increased O2 administration will significantly improve the ventilatory response.
A patient is prescribed Fluticasone, an inhaled corticosteroid. The nurse should educate the patient about which common adverse effect?
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Diarrhea
What is the primary goal of management for a patient diagnosed with a pneumothorax?
Administer bronchodilators to open airways.
Re-expand the collapsed lung.
Initiate oxygen therapy to treat hypoxemia.
Prevent respiratory infections.
In a patient with COPD, hyperinflation of the lungs can physiologically affect the diaphragm in what way?
It causes the diaphragm to strengthen, improving its effectiveness.
It flattens the diaphragm, making it less effective for breathing.
It increases the dome shape of the diaphragm, enhancing its contraction.
It has no significant effect on diaphragm function.
A nurse is preparing to administer Albuterol to a patient with asthma. The nurse notes the patient is also prescribed Propranolol (a Beta Blocker). What is the nurse's primary concern?
Propranolol will enhance the bronchodilating effects of Albuterol.
Propranolol will counteract the beta-agonist effects of Albuterol.
There is no significant interaction between these two medications.
Both medications cause tachycardia, leading to a synergistic effect.
Chronic bronchitis, a component of COPD, is characterized by:
Destruction of alveolar walls and decreased surface area for gas exchange.
Overdistention of alveoli with trapped CO2.
Excessive mucus, especially in the lower respiratory tract, obstructing inspiratory and expiratory airflow.
A primary loss of lung elasticity leading to reduced recoil.
When teaching a patient about using a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI), the nurse should include which instruction?
Breathe activated, no propellant used.
Wait 1 minute in between puffs.
Delivers about 20% of the dose to the lungs.
Does not require hand-lung coordination.
Which clinical manifestation is considered an emergency sign in a patient with a tension pneumothorax?
Sudden dyspnea
Chest pain
Tachypnea
Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side
Roflumilast is prescribed for a patient with severe COPD. The nurse understands that the mechanism of action for Roflumilast is:
Bronchodilation by relaxing airway smooth muscle.
Inhibition of the PDE4 enzyme, leading to increased intracellular cAMP in lung cells.
Blocking muscarinic receptors in bronchi.
Acting as an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.
Gas exchange in the lungs primarily occurs in the:
Bronchioles
Trachea
Alveoli
Pharynx
A patient with COPD is at risk for respiratory acidosis. This acid-base imbalance is typically caused by:
Hyperventilation and excessive CO2 excretion.
CO2 retention due to impaired gas exchange.
Increased bicarbonate levels in the blood.
Severe hypoxemia leading to lactic acid buildup.
A client with a history of COPD is at increased risk for a spontaneous (closed) pneumothorax due to:
Traumatic injury to the chest wall.
Iatrogenic causes like a lung biopsy.
Rupture of a bleb.
Chronic inflammation and mucus production.
Ipratropium is a medication often used in the management of COPD. This medication is classified as a:
Long-acting beta agonist.
Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA).
Inhaled corticosteroid.
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme inhibitor.
The airways are lined with cilia and mucus-producing goblet cells. The primary purpose of this lining in airway clearance is to:
Facilitate gas exchange across the membrane.
Trap particles and move them upward to be expelled.
Relax and dilate the airways during exhalation.
Absorb excess carbon dioxide from inhaled air.
For a patient with chronic hypoxia, such as in severe COPD, what is the generally recommended target oxygen saturation range?
98-100%
95-97%
88-92%
Below 85%
When teaching a patient about Roflumilast, the nurse should inform them about which potential adverse effect?
Tachycardia
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Diarrhea
Dry mouth
Which nursing intervention would be most beneficial for a patient with COPD to improve gas exchange and reduce symptoms, in addition to pharmacotherapy?
Encouraging strenuous exercise daily.
Restricting fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.
Promoting smoking cessation.
Avoiding pulmonary rehabilitation to prevent fatigue.
The definitive treatment for a pneumothorax to re-expand the lung is typically:
Administration of systemic corticosteroids.
Insertion of a chest tube with water-seal drainage.
Manual percussion and postural drainage.
Positive pressure ventilation via a mask.
The right lung has how many lobes?
1 lobe
2 lobes
3 lobes
4 lobes
