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WorksheetsSection 4.2.5. Separation of Dissolved Liquids PART 1
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 25mins
The most widely used separation technique for miscible liquids in the chemical process industries is:
Chromatography
Solvent extraction
Distillation
Ion exchange
In solvent extraction, the depleted feed solvent is called:
Extract
Raffinate
Distillate
Filtrate
The solvent used in liquid–liquid extraction must be:
Completely miscible with the feed solvent
Essentially immiscible with the feed solvent
More viscous than the feed solvent
Less dense than the solute
The solute-rich solvent leaving the extraction unit is termed:
Raffinate
Extract
Mother liquor
Permeate
Which is the simplest form of extractor for solvent extraction?
Plate column
Mixer-settler
Packed tower
Spray column
Which industry uses solvent extraction of uranium and plutonium salts in nitric acid?
Pharmaceutical industry
Food industry
Nuclear industry
Petroleum refining
In solvent extraction, the solute is usually recovered from the extraction solvent by:
Adsorption
Ion exchange
Distillation
Chromatography
Leaching is best described as:
Separation of two immiscible liquids
Extraction of soluble liquids from solids using solvents
Adsorption of solutes on porous materials
Separation of ions using ion-exchange resins
A principal industrial application of leaching is:
Purifying ethanol
Extracting oils from nuts and seeds
Separating water from crude oil
Removing salts from seawater
Which of the following processes is most similar to liquid–liquid extraction in terms of stage calculations?
Distillation
Leaching
Chromatography
Ion exchange
In a mixer-settler, the function of the settler (decanter) is to:
Provide agitation for mass transfer
Separate the immiscible phases
Increase solubility of solute
Regenerate the solvent
What determines the choice of equipment for leaching operations?
Color of the feed
Type of solid being processed
Temperature of solvent
Distillation cost
Which of the following techniques is not primarily used for separation of dissolved liquids?
Ion exchange
Chromatography
Adsorption
Filtration
What is the main requirement for the solute in solvent extraction?
Higher solubility in the extraction solvent than in the feed solvent
Equal solubility in both solvents
Insolubility in both solvents
Must be volatile
The liquid leaving a leaching process containing the dissolved material is known as:
Extract solution
Raffinate
Supernatant
Retentate
Solvent extraction can be used to:
Recover valuable substances from a solution
Purify a solvent by removing an unwanted component
Both a and b
None of the above
Which of the following processes relies on immiscible liquids for separation?
Solvent extraction
Leaching
Adsorption
Ion exchange
Leaching of palm oil from seeds is typically carried out in:
A distillation column
Specially designed solid–liquid contactors
Packed bed adsorbers
Ion exchange columns
Why are multiple stages normally used in leaching operations?
To reduce viscosity
To increase extraction efficiency
To avoid emulsions
To reduce solvent cost
Which of the following is an associated technique of solvent extraction?
Adsorption
Chromatography
Leaching
Crystallization
The raffinate in solvent extraction is:
Solute-rich solvent
Depleted feed solvent
Concentrated solute
Unmixed solvent
Why is adsorption considered an alternative to distillation in special cases?
It consumes more energy
It can handle heat-sensitive mixtures
It requires miscible solvents
It operates at high temperature
Which separation process is most associated with water purification?
Chromatography
Ion exchange
Distillation
Adsorption
Chromatography is particularly important in:
Downstream processing of biochemical products
Petrochemical cracking
Seed oil extraction
Crystallization of salts
What is the primary limitation of mixer-settlers compared to column extractors?
Cannot operate in continuous mode
Require large footprints for scale-up
Cannot handle immiscible liquids
Cannot achieve separation
In solvent extraction, the term raffinate refers to:
The solvent used for extraction
The solute-rich phase after separation
The depleted feed solvent after solute removal
The original feed solution
The solute-rich phase obtained in solvent extraction is called:
Distillate
Extract
Raffinate
Permeate
For successful liquid–liquid extraction, the two solvents must be:
Highly miscible
Essentially immiscible
Equal in density
Of similar polarity
Which unit operation is commonly used to recover solute from the extraction solvent?
Crystallization
Distillation
Adsorption
Ion exchange
Which piece of equipment combines an agitated tank and a decanter for solvent extraction?
Spray dryer
Mixer-settler
Rotary drum filter
Soxhlet apparatus
The primary requirement for selecting an extraction solvent is:
High viscosity
High solubility for the target solute
Low density
High boiling point
In leaching, the main objective is:
Dissolving gases into liquids
Extracting soluble components from solids using a solvent
Separating immiscible liquids
Concentrating nonvolatile solids
An example of industrial leaching is:
Extraction of caffeine from coffee beans
Distillation of ethanol
Adsorption of CO₂ on activated carbon
Ion exchange in water softening
Which feature makes leaching similar to liquid–liquid extraction?
Use of raffinate
Requirement for multi-stage operation
Dependence on miscibility
Use of decanters only
The number of leaching stages is usually determined by:
The density difference between phases
Material balance and stage equilibrium calculations
Heating and cooling cycles
Particle crushing
Which equipment is used for continuous solid–liquid leaching operations?
Fluidized bed leacher
Spray dryer
Plate-and-frame filter
Cyclone separator
The key design factor in solvent extraction contactors is:
Maximizing heat transfer
Ensuring intimate mixing and rapid phase disengagement
Avoiding temperature gradients
Reducing solvent boiling point
Which physical property mainly governs the ease of solvent recovery after extraction?
Solvent polarity
Difference in boiling points
Solvent viscosity
Interfacial tension
A practical application of ion exchange beyond water treatment is:
Purifying sugar solutions
Producing distilled spirits
Extracting oils from seeds
Separating gases in chromatography
Chromatography is increasingly applied in:
Downstream processing of biochemical products
Petroleum refining
Thermal cracking
Natural gas liquefaction
In adsorption separation, the separating medium is:
A distillation column
A solid surface
A liquid membrane
A solvent mixture
Which factor improves the selectivity of solvent extraction?
High miscibility of solvents
Specific affinity of solvent for target solute
High operating temperature
Solvent viscosity
The main challenge in leaching operations is:
Excessive energy demand
Achieving efficient solvent penetration into solid matrices
Preventing thermal degradation
Gas evolution during mixing
Which solvent extraction system is used for nuclear industry applications?
Extraction of caffeine
Extraction of uranium and plutonium salts from nitric acid solution
Recovery of palm oil
Separation of ethanol–water mixture
A Soxhlet extractor is most commonly used in:
Laboratory-scale solid–liquid extraction
Continuous industrial leaching
Gas adsorption processes
Distillation of crude oil
Which parameter primarily influences the phase separation step in liquid–liquid extraction?
Density difference between phases
Solvent cost
Particle size
Operating temperature
In countercurrent solvent extraction, efficiency is improved by:
Increasing the number of contact stages
Using a single-stage mixer-settler
Raising solvent viscosity
Avoiding agitation
A key difference between adsorption and solvent extraction is that adsorption:
Involves solid–fluid interaction
Requires immiscible solvents
Produces raffinate and extract
Always needs distillation afterwards
Ion exchange resins operate mainly by:
Physical absorption
Reversible chemical substitution of ions
Solubility differences
Pressure filtration
