WorksheetsBSC2085 Lesson 5 (LEC)
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
Name the four primary classes into which all adult tissues are classified.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Epithelial, glandular, adipose, and bone tissues.
Connective, cartilage, blood, and lymph tissues.
Muscle, nervous, bone, and epithelial tissues.
What is a tissue?
A group of organs working together
A group of similar cells and cell products working together to perform a specific role in an organ
A type of extracellular fluid
A type of protein
What is the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs called?
Cytology
Histology
Anatomy
Physiology
Name the four primary tissues mentioned in the passage.
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Epithelial, adipose, cartilage, and bone
Connective, glandular, lymphatic, and epithelial
Muscular, skeletal, cardiac, and nervous
The four primary tissues differ from each other in the types and functions of their _______.
cells
organs
enzymes
hormones
What is the matrix in tissues composed of?
Fibrous proteins and ground substance (clear gel, also known as tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, or interstitial fluid)
Only blood cells and plasma
DNA and RNA molecules
Muscle fibers and nerve cells
Ground substance is also known as tissue fluid, extracellular fluid (ECF), or interstitial fluid.
True
False
How many trillion cells are there in the human body?
10
20
50
100
How many different cell types are there in the human body?
50
100
150
200
Fill in the blank: The four broad categories of tissues are ________, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscular tissue.
epithelial tissue
cartilage tissue
bone tissue
adipose tissue
Which of the following is NOT one of the four broad categories of tissues?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Skeletal tissue
An organ is a structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of ______ or more tissue types.
two
one
three
four
How many organ systems are there in the human body?
5
8
11
15
Epithelium is distinguished from other tissue classes by which of the following properties?
Cells are closely packed with minimal extracellular matrix
Contains abundant blood vessels within the tissue
Cells are widely separated by large amounts of extracellular matrix
Specialized for contraction and movement
Eight types of epithelium can be listed, classified, distinguished from each other, and their locations in the body identified.
Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, transitional epithelium
Simple squamous, stratified squamous, glandular, connective, nervous, muscular, adipose, cartilage
Simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, transitional, bone, blood, cartilage
Simple columnar, stratified columnar, areolar, reticular, elastic, hyaline, fibrocartilage, adipose
The structural differences between epithelia relate to their functional differences in which of the following ways?
Different structures allow epithelia to perform specialized functions such as protection, absorption, and secretion.
All epithelia have the same structure and function regardless of location.
Structural differences in epithelia are unrelated to their functions.
Epithelia only differ in structure, not in function.
What is epithelial tissue?
A) A type of muscle tissue
B) A sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with upper surface exposed to environment or internal space
C) A type of connective tissue
D) A type of nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces such as ______ and lines body cavities such as ______.
skin; digestive tract
bone; heart
muscle; lungs
cartilage; blood vessels
Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of epithelial tissue?
Covers body surfaces
Constitutes most glands
Has abundant blood vessels
Lines body cavities
Epithelial tissue is avascular.
True
False
Most glands, such as endocrine and exocrine glands (e.g., sweat glands), are constituted by ______ tissue.
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue that protects deeper tissues from injury and infection is called ________.
Protection
Absorption
Secretion
Filtration
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue that produces and releases mucus, sweat, enzymes, hormones, and other substances is called ________.
Secretion
Absorption
Filtration
Protection
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue that voids wastes from the tissues, such as CO₂ and bile, is called ________.
Excretion
Absorption
Secretion
Filtration
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue that absorbs chemicals, such as nutrients, is called ________.
Absorption
Secretion
Protection
Filtration
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue where all substances leaving the body are selectively filtered by an epithelium is called ________.
Filtration
Absorption
Secretion
Protection
Fill in the blank: The function of epithelial tissue where nerve endings in epithelia detect stimuli is called ________.
Sensation
Absorption
Secretion
Protection
Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
A) Cellularity
B) Vascularity
C) Lack of regeneration
D) Absence of polarity
Epithelial tissue cells have orientation, which is referred to as ________.
polarity
diffusion
osmosis
adhesion
Epithelial tissue is attached to the ________ membrane, which has two layers: clear layer and dense layer.
basement
plasma
mucous
serous
Which layer of the basement membrane is secreted by the basal surface of epithelium and prevents proteins and large molecule movement from connective tissue to epithelium?
Dense layer
Clear layer
Reticular layer
Apical layer
Epithelial tissue lacks blood vessels.
True
False
Epithelial tissue is capable of continuous replacement of cells by mitosis of epithelial stem cells. This process is called ________.
regeneration
ossification
calcification
inflammation
What is the surface of epithelial cells that faces the basement membrane called?
Basal surface
Apical surface
Lateral surface
Luminal surface
Which surface of epithelial cells faces away from the basement membrane and can contain microvilli or cilia?
Apical surface
Basal surface
Lateral surface
Basement membrane
What is the name of the surface between the basal and apical surfaces, also known as the 'sidewall' of a cell?
Lateral surface
Basal lamina
Apical membrane
Tight junction
Epithelia are classified by which of the following criteria?
A) Number of cell layers and shape
B) Color of cells
C) Size of cells
D) Location in the body
Simple epithelia have each cell anchored to the ________.
basement membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
Stratified epithelia have cells on top of others, so not all contact the ________.
basement membrane
cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
Which of the following is NOT a class of epithelium?
Simple
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified
Cuboidal
Which cell shape is characterized by being flat and thin?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Fill in the blank: The epithelial type with multiple layers of cells is called _______.
Stratified
Simple
Cuboidal
Columnar
Fill in the blank: The cell shape that is roughly as tall as it is wide is called _______.
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
Stellate
Which class of epithelium appears to have multiple layers but actually has only one?
Simple
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified
Which cell shape is taller than it is wide?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
What does mesothelium line?
Mesothelium lines body cavities such as the pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart), and peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity).
Mesothelium lines the inner surface of blood vessels.
Mesothelium lines the outer surface of the skin.
Mesothelium lines the interior of the digestive tract.
What does endothelium line?
Endothelium lines the inner surface (lumen) of the heart chambers and all blood vessels.
Endothelium lines the outer surface of bones and cartilage.
Endothelium lines the inner surface of the digestive tract only.
Endothelium lines the outer surface of the skin.
Refer to the diagram of the human body cavities. Which cavity contains the brain?
Thoracic cavity
Cranial cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
The diaphragm muscle divides the ventral body cavity into which two main cavities?
Cranial and vertebral
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
Abdominal and pelvic
Pleural and pericardial
Fill in the blank: The ________ cavity contains the digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
abdominopelvic
thoracic
cranial
vertebral
True or False: The vertebral canal is part of the ventral body cavity.
True
False
Which cavity is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis?
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Cranial cavity
Which membranous lining is associated with the cranial cavity?
Pleurae
Pericardium
Meninges
Peritoneum
The vertebral canal contains the ________.
spinal cord
esophagus
trachea
carotid artery
The peritoneum is the membranous lining for both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
True
False
What is the associated viscera of the pericardial cavity?
Heart
Liver
Lung
Stomach
Which cavity contains the lungs?
Cranial cavity
Pleural cavities
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
What is the name of the layer that lines the cavity in the pericardial membrane?
Visceral layer
Parietal layer
Pleural layer
Diaphragm
What is the name of the layer that runs along the surface of the lung?
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity
Fill in the blank: The thoracic cavity contains the right and left _______ cavities that contain the right and left lung.
pleural
pericardial
abdominal
pelvic
Which of the following is located between the pleural cavities and contains the trachea, esophagus, thymus, and pericardial cavity?
Pericardium
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
Visceral layer
The parietal layer runs along the surface of the organ in both the pleural and pericardial membranes.
True
False
Name the two layers of the pleural and pericardial membrane that form the cavities.
Parietal layer and Visceral layer
Epidermal layer and Dermal layer
Mucosal layer and Serosal layer
Endothelial layer and Myocardial layer
Refer to the diagram of the abdominopelvic cavity. Which structure is labeled as the organ that contains the digestive organs?
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Spinal cord
What is the name of the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?
Abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Fat
Refer to the diagram of the abdominopelvic cavity. The ________ is the inferior component that is medial to the pelvic bones and contains reproductive organs, rectum, and urinary bladder.
Pelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Cranial cavity
The abdominal cavity is the superior component from the diaphragm to the top of the pelvic bones.
True
False
Identify the structure labeled as 'Liver' in the anatomical diagram.
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Identify the structure labeled as 'Stomach' in the anatomical diagram.
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Identify the structure labeled as 'Pancreas' in the anatomical diagram.
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Which of the following organs is found in the retroperitoneal space?
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Large intestine
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space.
True
False
The junctions that hold cells and tissues together are called:
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
Different types of glands can be described or defined as which of the following?
Exocrine and endocrine glands
Muscular and nervous glands
Digestive and respiratory glands
Skeletal and circulatory glands
The typical anatomy of a gland includes:
A group of specialized cells that secrete substances
A network of blood vessels only
A collection of nerve fibers
A layer of connective tissue only
Different modes of glandular secretion are named and compared as follows:
Merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine modes differ in how secretions are released from gland cells.
All glands secrete by the same mechanism, with no differences in modes.
Glandular secretion only occurs through exocytosis in all types.
Holocrine secretion is the only mode found in human glands.
What are cellular junctions?
Connections between two cells
Parts of the nucleus
Types of organelles
Enzymes in the cytoplasm
Most cells are anchored to each other or their _____
matrix
nucleus
membrane
cytoplasm
Which of the following is NOT a function of cellular junctions?
A) Communication between cells
B) Resisting mechanical stress
C) Controlling what moves through gaps between cells
D) Producing energy for the cell
Cellular junctions include: Tight junctions, Gap junctions, and _____?
Desmosomes/hemidesmosomes
Plasmodesmata
Microtubules
Centrioles
Which of the following is a type of cellular junction?
Mitochondria
Gap junction
Ribosome
Lysosome
What is a tight junction?
A gap between two cells
A zipper-like, interlocking linkage between two adjacent cells by transmembrane cell-adhesion proteins
A type of connective tissue
A type of muscle fiber
Tight junctions encircle an epithelial cell near its ________ surface.
apical
basal
lateral
medial
Tight junctions join epithelial cells with neighboring cells.
True
False
What is the main function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?
Allow substances to pass freely between cells
Seal off intercellular space, making it difficult or impossible for substances to pass between cells
Provide energy to the cell
Store genetic material
Give an example of where tight junctions are important in the human body and their function there.
Tight junctions in the stomach and intestines prevent digestive juices from seeping between epithelial cells and digesting underlying connective tissue.
Tight junctions in the lungs allow oxygen to freely pass between all cells.
Tight junctions in the skin allow sweat to move easily between cells to the surface.
Tight junctions in the brain promote the movement of large molecules between neurons.
