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WorksheetsFluids and electrolyte balance
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 30mins
A 72-year-old client on NG suctioning has sodium of 126 mEq/L. They are restless and complaining of a headache. What’s your priority action?
Administer 3% NaCl IV as ordered
Place the client in Trendelenburg
Encourage free water intake
Restrict fluids and monitor neuro status
A post-op client is on furosemide. They complain of muscle weakness and an irregular heartbeat. Labs: K⁺ 2.8 mEq/L. What intervention should the nurse anticipate?
Administer IV potassium bolus over 5 minutes
Give oral potassium supplement and monitor ECG
Restrict dietary potassium
Stop fluids immediately
A client with hypoparathyroidism develops tingling around the mouth and a positive Trousseau’s sign. What is the most urgent nursing action?
Administer IV calcium gluconate
Encourage weight-bearing exercise
Increase fluid intake
Place client on fluid restriction
What is the primary risk of administering fluids too rapidly?
Dehydration
Hypothermia
Fluid overload
Electrolyte imbalance
A client presents with sodium 155 mEq/L, dry mucous membranes, and confusion. Which fluid would you expect to administer?
0.9% NS
D5W or 0.45% NS
3% NS
Lactated Ringer’s bolus
A client with CKD has potassium 6.8 mEq/L and peaked T waves on ECG. What is the priority treatment?
Give IV calcium gluconate
Encourage potassium-rich foods
Administer hypotonic fluids
Stop dialysis
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):
Higher total body water volume
Decreased muscle mass
Increase in thirst
Increased tendency towards developing edema
Electrolytes are the same as ____ in the body.
electrical movement
salts
carbohydrates
sweat
Loop diuretics like furosemide increase excretion of _____ and _____, which can lead to muscle weakness and arrhythmias.
(a)
A U wave on the ECG is a classic sign of (a) .
Which of the following findings in Mr. Lopez are consistent with hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
A. Muscle weakness
B. U waves on ECG
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
D. Irregular heartbeat/PVCs
E. Fruity breath odor
Muscle weakness
U waves on ECG
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Irregular heartbeat/PVCs
Fruity breath odor
Which finding indicates fluid volume overload?
Orthostatic hypotension
Flat neck veins
Crackles in lungs
Dry mucous membranes
Which interventions are appropriate for a client with SIADH?
Administer hypertonic saline as prescribed
Fluid restriction
Daily weights
Encourage high sodium diet
Place client on seizure precautions
The hormone that conserves water by increasing renal reabsorption is (a) .
A client with fluid volume excess gained 2.5 kg in the last 24 hours. Estimate the fluid retention in milliliters.
(a)
A client on furosemide complains of leg cramps. ECG shows U waves. K⁺ is 2.9 mEq/L.
Which nursing action is appropriate?
Administer rapid IV potassium bolus
Encourage foods like bananas and potatoes
Restrict oral potassium intake
Discontinue cardiac monitoring
Which findings are consistent with fluid volume deficit? (Select all that apply.)
Orthostatic hypotension
Bounding pulse
Flat neck veins
Dry mucous membranes
Crackles in lungs
A client with chronic alcoholism has Mg²⁺ 1.0 mg/dL, tremors, and hyperactive reflexes.
Which finding is most concerning?
Vomiting
Seizures
Hypertension
Constipation
What is the main concern when administering fluids to a patient with heart disease?
Dehydration
Fluid overload
Electrolyte deficiency
Hypothermia
What is the potential complication of using hypotonic fluids in fluid therapy?
Cellular dehydration
Cellular overhydration
Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood pressure
What is the role of bicarbonate in fluid therapy?
To provide energy
To maintain acid-base balance
To increase blood pressure
To decrease blood pressure
ADH is created in the:
Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Brain
Kidney
What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?
Filtration of blood
Reabsorption of water and ions
Secretion of waste
Production of urine
What is the role of aldosterone in the kidneys?
Increases glucose reabsorption
Decreases sodium reabsorption
Increases sodium reabsorption
Decreases potassium secretion
Px 2 has what condition?
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
Compensated metabolic acidosis
A 52-year-old client is admitted with a serum calcium of 7.0 mg/dL. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Positive Chvostek’s sign
Positive Trousseau’s sign
Numbness and tingling around the mouth
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Constipation
Where will the water move?
Into the cell
Out of the cell
Equally in & out - it's isotonic
There is no water
A nurse cares for a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which finding should the nurse expect?
Large amounts of dilute urine
Very concentrated urine
Low urine output
High blood sugar
Question:
A nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea for 3 days. The client’s labs show sodium 130 mEq/L, potassium 3.0 mEq/L, and chloride 94 mEq/L. Which IV fluid prescription would the nurse expect to help correct these losses?
0.9% normal saline with potassium chloride added
D5W (5% dextrose in water)
0.45% normal saline (half-normal saline)
Lactated Ringer’s without potassium
Question:
While assessing a client, the nurse taps over the facial nerve just in front of the ear and observes twitching of the facial muscles. This finding indicates which electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hypercalcemia
A client with chronic alcoholism is admitted with tremors and confusion. The ECG shows torsades de pointes. Which electrolyte imbalance does the nurse suspect?
Hyperkalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
