Which of the following statements concerning the physiology of fetal circulation is INCORRECT?

The structural closure of foramen ovale occurs by

Which of the following describes the usual pattern of inheritance of most of the congenital heart diseases

A 6-year-old boy presents with shortened forearms and absent thumbs bilaterally. On examination, he has a systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. His father has similar hand abnormalities. Echocardiography shows a congenital heart defect.Which type of Congenital Heart Disease is most commonly associated with this Syndrome

A 12 year old girl of Turner's Syndrome presents for evaluation of short stature and delayed puberty. On examination, she has a webbed neck , widely spaced nipples and short 4th metacarpal. Which CHD is most likely responsible for long term mortality in this patient

A 2-month-old infant presents with feeding difficulty and cyanosis.On examination, there are facial dysmorphic features including micrognathia, low-set ears, and cleft palate.The patient also has hypocalcemia and recurrent infections. Genetic testing confirms a 22q11.2 deletion.Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with this condition?

Which chest X-ray sign is classically seen in coarctation of the aorta?

Which of the following statements regarding coarctation of the aorta is INCORRECT?

Assertion (A): Coarctation of the aorta can lead to hypertension in the upper limbs.Reason (R): The obstruction is proximal to the right atrium, causing pressure overload in the upper body.

A 3-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and failure to thrive. On examination, the infant is active, with a bounding pulse and wide pulse pressure. Cardiovascular examination reveals a continuous “machinery” murmur best heard at the left infraclavicular region.What is the most likely diagnosis

Continuous murmur is heard in:1.Patent Ductus Arteriosus 2.Rupture sinus of valsalva 3.Ventricular septal defect 4.Aortopulmonary window 5.AV malformations

Which of the following is not a medical therapy option for PDA closure?

Which of the following is a contraindication for medical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?A. Platelet count > 1,50,000/mm³ B. Serum creatinine < 1.4 mg/dL C. Necrotizing enterocolitis D . Any active bleeding

Which type of VSD is most likely to close spontaneously?

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular septal defect (VSD) are correct?1. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect overall. 2. A loud holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border usually indicates a small restrictive VSD. 3. Large VSDs always present with cyanosis at birth. 4. VSD may be associated with Down syndrome. 5. Eisenmenger physiology can develop if a large VSD is left untreated.

A 10-year-old child with a history of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) presents with fever, malaise, and new-onset heart murmur. Echocardiography shows vegetations on the right ventricular side of the septal defect, consistent with infective endocarditis.Which is the most likely causative organism in this patient

A 6-year-old child presents with exercise intolerance and recurrent respiratory infections. On examination: fixed split of S2, mid-systolic ejection murmur at the pulmonary area. Which pathophysiologic explanation accounts for the fixed split?

Which ECG finding is characteristic of secundum ASD in older children?

In which of the following Cyanotic CHD,pulmonary blood flow is decreased

A 2-year-old child presents with mild cyanosis and a systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border. Echocardiography reveals pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect.Which of the following best describes the congenital heart defect

A 1-year-old child with known Tetralogy of Fallot presents with sudden onset of intense cyanosis, irritability, and rapid breathing while playing. On examination, the child is hyperpneic, agitated, and has a loud systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border.Which of the following drugs is NOT used in the acute management of this condition

A 4-year-old child with cyanotic congenital heart disease and decreased pulmonary blood flow is planned for palliative surgery to increase pulmonary perfusion. One option considered is a surgical anastomosis between the ascending aorta and the right pulmonary artery.This procedure is known as

Identify the procedure shown in image

A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis, tachypnea, and hepatomegaly. On examination, there is a loud holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border and a widely split S1–S2. Echocardiography shows apical displacement of the tricuspid valve with atrialization of the right ventricle.Which maternal exposure is most strongly associated with this congenital heart defect?

Norwood procedure is performed for

In TGA with intact ventricular septum, the typical presentation is:A.. Mild cyanosis after 6 months B. Intense cyanosis at birth or soon after birth C. Continuous murmur at the left upper sternal border D. Systolic murmur at the apex only

Which of the following is the main factor for Ductal closure postnatally

Given is the X ray of an infant .Which is not seen in this condition

The most common type of TAPVC is

A neonate was found to have cyanosis of the oral mucosa. Chest X ray revealed a snow man appearance of the cardiac silhouette. What is the most likely diagnosis

In a 13 year old child with Ebstein anomaly,echocardiography would likely reveal

A term neonate, now one week of age, is evaluated in the post-operative cardiac ward. The infant had presented immediately after birth with profound and persistent central cyanosis unresponsive to supplemental oxygen. Prostaglandin E1 infusion was initiated to maintain ductal patency, following which a balloon atrial septostomy was undertaken to augment intercirculatory mixing. Subsequently, a striking amelioration of cyanosis was observed. Which congenital cardiac malformation most appropriately explains this clinical scenario?

Regarding Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), which of the following statements are correct?

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Tetralogy of Fallot?

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Ebstein’s anomaly?

Regarding Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA), which of the following statements are correct?

Which of the following are used in the management of Tet spells