Soil is a habitat for plants and other organisms that grow within it. It is made up of a number of components. _________________which are a combination of rock fragments and other smaller inorganic (non-living) items

Soil is a habitat for plants and other organisms that grow within it. It is made up of a number of components. ________________ which is a mixture of living plants and animals and their dead remains

Over time these rocks are broken down into smaller and smaller particles. This process is known as __________________

The movement of these fragments (and other soil components) is known as ___________

_____________weathering can be caused by carbon dioxide (in the air) combining with water to form a weak acid, carbonic acid.

Soil mineral particles can be classified according to their size into three groups:

__________is the largest mineral component of soil. The International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) describes sand as having particles between 2.0 mm and 0.02 mm in size.

_________particles are the smallest mineral component, being smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter. Their small size means that they pack closely together, which reduces the ability of water to drain through the soil

ph level where it is neutral

The ideal soil is a mixture of sand, silt and clay is called ______

__________is the cultivation and production of food to meet the needs of the farmers and their families

________is the cultivation of products with the main focus of selling them for cash.

is the production of plants for consumption by humans. Examples include growing rice, maize, wheat and soybeans.

A third type of farming exists: farms that grow crops for food and rear animals. This is commonly referred to as _________

What 3 things does world hunger usually mean?

___________occurs where large amounts are produced from small areas of land. This style of production tends to have high 'inputs', such as a lot of labour, fertilisers or machinery.

_____________occurs when there is a relatively small amount of production (either crops or animals) from a large area of land.

__________is the production of animals or animal-related products. This may also be known as livestock farming or grazing

Which is NOT a characteristic of Clay soils?

___________is the principle of growing different types of plants in different plots each year.

There will be ___________ in soil nutrients because the same crop uses the same ratio of nutrients each year.

_________ have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules, which take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form that the plant can use.

___________ a range of vegetables grown for their leaves, which require a lot of nitrogen fertilizer

__________plants that have deep root systems, which help to break up the soil. A lot of soil cultivation is needed to harvest the roots.

________ the land is left to rest, so no crops are grown.

________contain minerals such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which are essential for healthy plant growth.

Plants need a range of essential nutrients to grow effectively. The three major nutrients:

_________ are called called trace elements, and are needed in relatively tiny amounts.

the cheapest option, transportation of water to the crop through channels in the soil are called

a natural or artificial layer on the soil surface used to reduce water evaporation and weed growth

the movement of water up plants and its subsequent loss as water vapor from their leaves

A _________ is a plant that is growing in an inappropriate place.

An alternative method is to use herbicide ____________, which are heavy enough to fall to the ground when applied and do not stick to the leaves of most plants

A crop disease is caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. These are collectively known as _________

One alternative way to control pests and diseases is to find natural predators that can solve the problem.

__________ is hand weeding and hoeing are useful methods for removing individual weeds but require a lot of labor.

_______ is using black plastic sheeting over the ground or a deep layer of composted organic matter (mulches) helps smother weeds.

is the traditional method used for improving the performance of crops and livestock, and has been carried out across the world by farmers for generations.

Understanding this code has enabled scientists to insert a piece of DNA from one organism into the genetic code of another. The result is called a