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thyroid quiz

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the normal size of the thyroid gland in an adult?

a)

2–3 cm in length, 1–2 cm in width, 1 cm in thickness

b)

4–6 cm in length, 1.3–8 cm in width, 2–3 cm in thickness

c)

6–8 cm in length, 1.3–4 cm in width, 4–5 cm in thickness

d)

1–2 cm in all dimensions

2.

What is the normal thickness of the thyroid isthmus?

a)

1-2mm

b)

3-4mm

c)

4-6mm

d)

1-2 cm

3.

The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid:

a)

Is always present in every individual

b)

Is a normal variant extending superiorly from the isthmus or 1 lobe

c)

Extends inferiorly into the mediastunum

d)

Is a normal variant extending inferiorly from the isthmus or 1 lobe

4.

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

a)

Sternocleidomastoid

b)

Longus colli

c)

Strap muscles

d)

Scalend muscles

5.

Which muscle is located posterior to the thyroid gland?

a)

Sternocliedomastoid

b)

Longus colli & minor neurovascular bundle

c)

Strap muscles

d)

Scalene muscles

6.

Which muscles is located anterolateral to the Thyroid gland?

a)

Strap muscles

b)

Sternocleidomastoid

c)

Longus Colli and Minor neurovascular bundle

d)

Trachea and esophagus

7.

Which is located posterior lateral to the Thyroid gland?

a)

CCA, IJV, and Vagus nerve

b)

Strap muscles

c)

Longus Colli and Minor neurovascular bundle

d)

Trachea and esophagus

8.

Which is located posterior medial to the Thyroid gland?

a)

Trachea and esophagus

b)

CCA, IJV, and Vagus nerve

c)

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

d)

Longus Colli and Minor neurovascular bundle

9.

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of the:

a)

Subclavian artery

b)

ECA

c)

ICA

d)

Vertebral artery

10.

The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the:

a)

First branch of the ECA

b)

IJV

c)

Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

d)

Vertebral Artery

11.

On ultrasound, where can the esophagus be found in relation to the thyroid gland?

a)

Anterior to the right thyroid lobe

b)

Posterior medial to the left thyroid lobe, near the trachea

c)

Superior to the Isthmus

d)

Posterior medial to the right thyroid lobe, near the trachea

12.

When evaluating an abnormal lymph node, which sonographic feature suggests malignancy?

a)

Oval shape with echogenic hilum

b)

Smooth margins and central vascularity

c)

Round shape, loss of echogenic hilum, microcalcifications

d)

Thin cortex with central fatty hilum

13.

Which hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

a)

T3 & T4

b)

Calcitonin

c)

PTH

d)

Cortisol

e)

Adosterone

14.

What is the main function of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?

a)

Control blood calcium levels

b)

Regulate metabolism, growth, and development

c)

Stimulate TSH production

d)

Regulate fluid balance

15.

What does calcitonin do?

a)

Increase blood calcium levels

b)

Decrease blood calcium levels

c)

Increases metabolism

d)

Stimulates T3 & T4 release

16.

What does the parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

a)

Lowers calcium levels

b)

Raises calcitonin secretion

c)

Increase blood calcium levels by stimulating reabsorption

d)

Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating Calcitonin production

17.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis negative feedback loop involves:

a)

TRH (hypothalamus) → TSH, (pituitary) → which inhibits T3 and T4 (thyroid) release

b)

TSH (pituitary) → TRH (hypothalamus) → which decreases T3 and T4 (thyroid) release

c)

TRH (hypothalamus) → TSH (pituitary) → T3/T4 (thyroid), which inhibit TRH and TSH when levels are high

d)

T3 and T4 (thyroid) stimulating both TRH (hypothalamus)and TSH (pituitary)release

18.

What occurs when T3 & T4 levels are high?

a)

Signal back to the hypothalamus and pituitary to decrease TRH & TSH secretion

b)

Signal back to the hypothalamus and pituitary to increase TRH & TSH secretion

c)

Signal back to the thyroid gland to increase TRH & TSH secretion

d)

Signal back to the thyroid gland to decrease TRH & TSH secretion

19.

Which lab pattern suggests primary hypothyroidism?

a)

Low TSH, low T3/T4

b)

High TSH, low T3/T4

c)

Low TSH, high T3/T4

d)

High TSH, high T3/T4

20.

Which lab pattern suggests secondary hypothyroidism?

a)

Low TSH, low T3/T4

b)

High TSH, low T3/T4

c)

Low TSH, high T3/T4

d)

High TSH, high T3/T4

21.

Which lab pattern suggests primary hyperthyroidism?

a)

High TSH, Low T3/T4

b)

Low TSH, high T3/T4

c)

Low TSH, low T3/T4

d)

High TSH, High T3/T4

22.

Which lab pattern suggests secondary hyperthyroidism?

a)

Low TSH, Low T3/T4

b)

High TSH, low T3/T4

c)

Low TSH, high T3/T4

d)

High TSH, high T3/T4

23.

Where is an ectopic thyroid most commonly found?

a)

Lingual thyroid (base of the tongue)

b)

Mediastunum

c)

Within the thymus

d)

In the parathyroid gland

24.

A “cold” thyroid nodule on nuclear medicine imaging:

a)

Uptakes excess of isotope

b)

Shows reduced or absent isotope uptake

c)

Is always benign

d)

Indicates hypothyroidism

25.

A “hot” thyroid nodule on nuclear medicine imaging:

a)

Shows reduced uptake of isotope

b)

Uptakes excess isotope

c)

Is always malignant

d)

Indicated hypothyroidism

26.

Which thyroid carcinoma is the most common and has a good prognosis?

a)

Papillary carcinoma

b)

Follicular carcinoma

c)

Medullary carcinoma

d)

Anaplastic carcinoma

27.

Which thyroid carcinoma is associated with MEN syndrome and secretes calcitonin?

a)

Papillary carcinoma

b)

Follicular carcinoma

c)

Medullary carcinoma

d)

Anaplastic carcinoma

28.

Which thyroid carcinoma is the most aggressive and has the worst prognosis?

a)

Papillary carcinoma

b)

Follicular carcinoma

c)

Medullary carcinoma

d)

Anaplastic carcinoma

29.

Which condition results from iodine deficiency and leads to thyroid enlargement without excess hormone production?

a)

Toxic goiter

b)

Non-toxic goiter

c)

Hyperthyroidism

d)

Parathyroid adenoma

30.

Toxic multinodular goiter is characterized by:

a)

Enlarged thyroid without hormone production

b)

Multiple nodules producing excess thyroid hormone

c)

Cold nodules only

d)

Hypothyroidism

31.

A parathyroid adenoma typically causes:

a)

Hypocalcemia

b)

Primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia

c)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

d)

Low PTH

32.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most often due to:

a)

Overproduction of calcitonin

b)

Chronic renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

c)

Parathyroid carcinoma

d)

Hypothyroidism

33.

A thyroglossal duct cyst is typically located:

a)

Lateral to the thyroid gland

b)

Midline of the neck, near the hyoid bone

c)

Posterior to the thyroid gland

d)

Within the mediastinum

34.

A branchial cleft cyst is typically located:

a)

Midline of the neck

b)

Lateral aspect of the neck, near sternocleidomastoid

c)

Posterior to the esophagus

d)

Above the mandible

35.

When describing a thyroid mass with sonographic terminology, which description suggests malignancy?

a)

Isoechoic, smooth margins, halo present

b)

Hyperechoic, thin margins, peripheral vascularity

c)

Hypoechoic, irregular margins, microcalcifications, taller-than wide

d)

Anechoic with posterior enhancement

36.

On ultrasound, what feature of a lymph node suggests it is abnormal?

a)

Oval, hypoechoic with echogenic hilum

b)

Small, regular shaped

c)

Round, hypoechoic, absent hilum, increased vascularity

d)

Thin cortex, central hilum, increased vascularity

37.

What is a thyroid adenoma?

a)

Malignant thyroid tumor

b)

Benign, encapsulated neoplasm of the thyroid

c)

Inflammatory thyroid lesion

d)

Cystic thyroid abnormality

38.

Ultrasound appearance of thyroid adenoma:

a)

Diffuse enlargement with heterogeneous texture

b)

Solitary, well-circumscribed, hypoechoic or isoechoic nodule with a peripheral halo

c)

Irregular margins with microcalcifications

d)

Anechoic with posterior enhancement

39.

What is a toxic goiter?

a)

Thyroid enlargement without excess hormone

b)

Thyroid enlargement associated with hyperthyroidism due to excess hormone production

c)

Thyroid cyst formation due to excess hormone production

d)

Thyroid cancer due to lack of hormone production

40.

Ultrasound appearance of toxic goiter:

a)

Anechoic round lesion with halo

b)

Diffuse enlargement, heterogenous echotexture, increased vascularity

c)

Round hypoechoic lesion with microcalcifications

d)

Thin-walled cyst with posterior enhancement

41.

What is a non-toxic goiter?

a)

Thyroid enlargement with hyperthyroidism

b)

Thyroid enlargement without hormone excess

c)

Benign thyroid adenoma

d)

Malignant thyroid carcinoma

42.

Ultrasound appearance of non-toxic goiter:

a)

Single hypoechoic nodule

b)

Enlarged thyroid with heterogeneous echotexture, multiple nodules, cystic degeneration, and calcifications

c)

Irregular margins with microcalcifications

d)

Anechoic simple cyst

43.

Which is a clinical feature of hypothyroidism?

a)

Heat intolerance, weight loss

b)

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin

c)

Palpitations, nervousness, tremors

d)

Fatigue, weight loss, pain, cold intolerance

44.

Ultrasound appearance of hypothyroid gland:

a)

Isoechoic and homogenous

b)

Diffusely enlarges, heterogenous, hypoechoic

c)

Normal-sized with smooth margins

d)

Anechoic

45.

Which is a clinical feature of hyperthyroidism?

a)

Weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, nervousness

b)

Cold intolerance, bradycardia, fatigue

c)

Dry skin, constipation, myxedema

d)

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin

46.

Ultrasound appearance of hyperthyroid gland:

a)

Small, hypoechoic gland

b)

Enlarged, heterogenous, increased vascularity

c)

Simple cyst with posterior enhancement

d)

Isoechoic with halo

47.

What does a parathyroid adenoma cause?

a)

Hypocalcemia and low PTH

b)

Primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia

c)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

d)

Non-toxic goiter

48.

Ultrasound appearance of parathyroid adenoma:

a)

Anechoic cyst with posterior enhancement

b)

Hypoechoic, solid, oval mass posterior to the thyroid gland

c)

Diffuse thyroid enlargement

d)

Heterogeneous goiter

49.

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

a)

Thyroid carcinoma

b)

Parathyroid adenoma

c)

Hypothyroidism

d)

Secondary renal disease

50.

What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

a)

Chronic renal failure

b)

Parathyroid adenoma

c)

Anaplastic carcinoma

d)

Hypothyroidism

51.

Ultrasound appearance of papillary carcinoma:

a)

Isoechoic with smooth margins

b)

Solid, hypoechoic mass with irregular margins, microcalcifications, taller-than-wide shape

c)

Anechoic round cyst

d)

Hyperechoic mass with halo

52.

Follicular carcinoma differs from follicular adenoma by:

a)

Ultrasound echogenicity

b)

Evidence of capsular or vascular invasion

c)

Calcitonin production

d)

Microcalcifications

53.

Ultrasound appearance of follicular carcinoma:

a)

Anechoic with enhancement

b)

Solid, encapsulated nodule that may appear similar to adenoma

c)

Hypoechoic with microcalcificaitons

d)

Diffuse heterogenous goiter

54.

Medullary carcinoma arises from which cells?

a)

Follicular cells

b)

Parafollicular C-cells

c)

Lymphoid tissue

d)

Esophageal cells

55.

Ultrasound appearance of medullary carcinoma:

a)

Anechoic cyst

b)

Hypoechoic solid mass, may have calcifications

c)

Diffuse hyperechoic enlargement

d)

Multinodular cystic goiter

56.

Anaplastic carcinoma typically presents as:

a)

Slow-growing, well-encapsulated mass

b)

Rapidly growing, invasive, aggressive neck mass in elderly patients

c)

Calcitonin-secreting tumor

d)

Midline congenital cyst

57.

Ultrasound appearance of anaplastic carcinoma:

a)

Anechoic with enhancement

b)

Large, heterogeneous, hypoechoic, poorly defined mass invading surrounding tissue

c)

Isoechoic nodule with halo

d)

Simple cyst

58.

A branchial cleft cyst is typically located:

a)

Midline near the hyoid bone

b)

Lateral neck, near the sternocleidomastoid

c)

Posterior thyroid capsule

d)

Within the mediastinum

59.

Ultrasound appearance of branchial cleft cyst:

a)

Solid hypoechoic oval mass

b)

Well-defined anechoic or hypoechoic cystic mass with posterior enhancement

c)

Irregular hypoechoic mass with calcifications

d)

Diffuse thyroid enlargement

60.

Where is a thyroglossal duct cyst most commonly located?

a)

Midline of the neck near the hyoid bone

b)

Lateral aspect of the neck

c)

Posterior to the thyroid gland

d)

Inferior to the clavicle

61.

Ultrasound appearance of thyroglossal duct cyst:

a)

Irregular solid hypoechoic mass

b)

Anechoic or hypoechoic midline cyst with posterior enhancement

c)

Heterogeneous thyroid enlargement with posterior shadowing

d)

Micro Calcified mass

62.

A cystic hygroma is a:

a)

Malignant thyroid tumor

b)

Thyroid cyst

c)

Congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

d)

Parathyroid lesion

63.

Ultrasound appearance of cystic hygroma:

a)

Small, solid hypoechoic nodule

b)

Large, multiloculated cystic mass often found in the posterior neck

c)

Isoechoic nodule with halo

d)

Diffuse hypoechoic thyroid enlargement

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