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Introduction to Cardio exam 1 Therapeutics

Total questions: 66

Worksheet time: 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

at the SA/AV nodes: during Phase 0 , which electrolyte goes in?

a)

Na+ goes in

b)

Ca++ goes in

2.

at the SA/AV nodes: during Phase 3, name the electrolyte and the direction ?

a)

Ca++ out

b)

K+ out

3.

at the SA/AV nodes: during Phase 4, name the electrolyte and the direction ?

a)

Ca++ in

b)

Na+ in ( via funny current)

4.

why doesn't the SA/AV nodes not have a phase 1 or 2 compared to Atria and ventricles?

a)

they are special

b)

they do not have to contract

5.

step 1: SA node tells..............to contract

a)

ventricles

b)

atria

c)

bundle of his

6.

step 2: signals goes to

a)

bundle of his

b)

AV node

7.

step 3: AV node tells .........to contract

a)

bundle of his

b)

atria

c)

ventricles

8.

step 4: signal goes from AV node to

a)

bundle of his

b)

atria

c)

ventricles

d)

SA node

9.

step 5: signal goes from bundle of his to

a)

bundle branches

b)

purkinje fibers

c)

SA node

10.

where is the location of the SA node( only one that triggers both atrial contraction)

a)

Left atrium

b)

Right atrium

11.

Pwave represents

a)

Ventricular Depolarization

b)

Atrial depolarization

c)

Delay at AV node

d)

Ventricular depolarization

12.

T-wave represents

a)

Ventricular Depolarization

b)

Atrial depolarization

c)

Delay at AV node

d)

Ventricular repolarization

13.

PR segment represents

a)

Ventricular Depolarization

b)

Atrial depolarization

c)

Delay at AV node

d)

Ventricular depolarization

e)

Ventricular repolarization

14.

QRS complex

a)

Ventricular Depolarization

b)

Atrial depolarization

c)

Delay at AV node

d)

Ventricular depolarization

e)

Ventricular repolarization

15.

Isoelectric line means

a)

Ventricular Depolarization

b)

no conductivity

c)

Delay at AV node

d)

Ventricular repolarization

16.

phase 0 for ventricles

a)

Ca++ in

b)

fast Na+ in

c)

K+ out

17.

phase 1 for ventricles

a)

Ca++ in

b)

fast Na+ in

c)

slow K+ out

18.

phase 2 for ventricles( platau)

a)

slow Ca++ in

b)

fast Na+ in

c)

slow K+ out

19.

phase 3 for ventricles( repolarization)

a)

slow Ca++ in

b)

fast Na+ in

c)

K+ out

20.

phase 4

a)

slow Ca++ in

b)

fast Na+ in

c)

K+ out

d)

resting membrane potential

21.

atrial phase 2 is narrow due to

a)

lower Na+ influx

b)

lower Ca++ influx

c)

lower K++ efflux

22.

atrial phase 3 is more gradual due to

a)

lower Na+ influx

b)

lower Ca++ influx

c)

lower K++ efflux

23.

ARP( absolute refractory period)

a)

local , weeak response to stimulus

b)

nothing can be triggered

c)

large stimulus may propagate a response

24.

ERP(effective refractory period)

a)

local , weeak response to stimulus

b)

nothing can be triggered

c)

large stimulus may propagate a response

25.

RRP(Relative refractory period)

a)

local , weeak response to stimulus

b)

nothing can be triggered

c)

large stimulus may propagate a response

26.

what information do we obtain from EKGs

a)

hypertrophy

b)

infarction

c)

axis

d)

rate and rythm

e)

all the above

27.

Depolarization on T - wave can cause

a)

cardiac flutter

b)

cardiac arrest

28.

if SA node or AV node are not working, what is the back up

a)

Atria

b)

ventricles

c)

bundle fibers

29.

non-pacemaker myocardial tissue fires on its own instead of waiting to be stimulated by a neighboring cell , what do you call this phenomenon

a)

Enhanced Automaticity

b)

cardial fluttering

c)

ischemic phenomenon

30.

what are some things that could lead to automaticity?

a)

increase resting membrane potential

b)

enhanced influx of cations in phase 4

c)

lower depolarization threshold

d)

increase depolarization threshold

e)

reduce influx of cations in phase 4

31.

Mechanism of Dysrhythmias: a sustained triggering of action potentials : this refers to

a)

DAD

b)

EAD

32.

Mechanism of Dysrhythmias: a sustained triggering of action potentials : this refers to

a)

DAD

b)

EAD

33.

Mechanism of Dysrhythmias: this describes conditions for .........to occur.

a)

Re-entry

b)

Normal

34.

Delta wave : SA node signal goes directly to ventricles to contract, which type of mechanism of dysrhythmias is this?

a)

AV block

b)

Accessory pathway

c)

Re-entry

35.

which of the following is an example of causes for a conduction block( when conduction tissue is not excitable due to damage)

a)

scarring, fibrosis

b)

aschemia,

c)

meds

d)

age

e)

all the above

36.

what could cause Sinus bradycardia

a)

Increased SNS

b)

Increased PNS activity

c)

decreased PNS activity

d)

decreased SNS

37.

<60 BPM

a)

tachycardia

b)

bradycardia

38.

>100 BPM

a)

tachycardia

b)

bradycardia

39.

what are some causes for Sinus Tachycardia

a)

pain, stress, hyperthyroidism

b)

fever

c)

anemia, ADHF

d)

all the above

40.

Which medications can cause sinus tachycardia (if you stop it right away, it can even lead to ischemia) ?

a)

SSRI

b)

Betablockers

41.

Premature Atrial contractions ( PACs) are

a)

uncommon

b)

common

42.

A-fib ( no organized atrial contraction or normal pwaves ) is caused my many things including an ectopic beat from the

a)

aorta

b)

pulmonary veins

c)

ventricles

43.

which of the following could cause Afib?

a)

valvular heart disease

b)

advanced age

c)

heart failure

d)

COPD

e)

all the above

44.

this refers to

a)

AFIb

b)

atrial flutter

c)

supraventricular tachycardias

d)

premature atrial contractions( PACs)

45.

this refers to

a)

AFIb

b)

atrial flutter

c)

supraventricular tachycardias

d)

premature atrial contractions( PACs)

46.

this refers to

a)

AFIb

b)

atrial flutter

c)

supraventricular tachycardias

d)

premature atrial contractions( PACs)

47.

this refers to

a)

AFIb

b)

atrial flutter

c)

supraventricular tachycardias

d)

premature atrial contractions( PACs)

48.

Wolff parkingson white syndrome is a type of

a)

AFIb

b)

PAC

c)

supraventricular tachycardia( SVT)

49.

Premature Ventricular Contractions( PVCs) are

a)

uncommon

b)

common

50.

this describes

a)

ventricular Fibrillation

b)

Torsades de pontes

c)

Ventricular tachycardia

51.

this describes

a)

ventricular Fibrillation

b)

Torsades de pontes

c)

Ventricular tachycardia

52.

this describes

a)

ventricular Fibrillation

b)

Torsades de pontes

c)

Ventricular tachycardia

d)

Astole/PEA

53.

this describes

a)

ventricular Fibrillation

b)

Torsades de pontes

c)

Ventricular tachycardia

54.

V-tachychardia can lead to

a)

A-fib

b)

V-fib

55.

why is V-fib lethal?

a)

atria are not contacting to pump blood

b)

ventricles are not contracting to pump blood

56.

this refers to

a)

2nd degreee AV block: mobitz type 1

b)

vtach

c)

Asystole/PEA

d)

1st degree heart block

57.

the PR interval is always the same in which type of block?

a)

2nd degreee AV block: mobitz type 1

b)

2nd degree AV block type 2

c)

1st degree heart block

58.

the PR interval is always the same in which type of block?

a)

2nd degreee AV block: mobitz type 1

b)

2nd degree AV block type 2

c)

1st degree heart block

d)

3rd degree AV block

59.

QT must be corrected

a)

HR

b)

weight

c)

height

d)

age

60.

Which factors impact the QT interval ?

a)

HR & rhythm

b)

Age

c)

Gender

d)

QRS duration

e)

all the above

61.

True or false: QT prolongation can self terminate

a)

true

b)

false

62.

which of the following are reasons a patient could have QTC?

a)

male

b)

female

c)

HF, brady cardia

d)

renal / hepatic disease

e)

diuretic use

63.

which of the following are reasons a patient could have QTC?

a)

hyperkalemia

b)

DDIs

c)

QTC prolonging meds

d)

skinny

e)

elderly

64.

what are some things a pharmacist can do to correct and QTC?

a)

discontinue meds that are not necessary/ assess for DDIs

b)

Check prior ECGs , repeat

c)

Assess and correct K,Mg, Ca

d)

recommend alternatives, check renal & hepatic function , ensure drugs are dosed appropriately

e)

all the above

65.

all the following will earn 1 point on the CHA2DS2VASC except.....

a)

>75

b)

Heart failure

c)

hypertension

d)

Diabetes

e)

Vascular disease MI, PAD ,aortic plaque

66.

all the following will earn 2 points on the CHA2DS2VASC ?

a)

>75

b)

female

c)

65-74

d)

prior stroke,TIA, VTE

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